Osmosis Applications Research Articles

Analysis of purification in radioactively contaminated ocean water near the Fukushima nuclear accident site

AbstractThe nuclear‐contaminated water in the seawater near the site of the Fukushima nuclear power plant (NPP) accident is being investigated for treating the radioactive material. One of the most important considerations in the treatment is the management of the vast aquatic area of the oceanic scale. There are two methods in the application of osmosis and filtration for the modeling. There is the molecule quantity by the water volume where the list of transition of quantities is shown, where it decreases to 10% from the reversed osmosis method and to 0.01% from the filtration method in 9 days. In the filtrations, the discharge variations in the sea are described as the maximum and minimum values within 100 square velocities. A design for the general radioactive contaminated seawater treatment facility is introduced.

Investigation of synthesis of forward osmosis membrane for water remediation

The application of Osmosis has been in use since mid-1900s for commercial water purification in the form of Reverse Osmosis (RO). In order to tackle increasing water scarcity, in past few decades an increasing trend is seen in researches related to Forward Osmosis (FO) [Wang J. 2021] . The semi-permeable membrane needed in FO operation must be modified before it can be used in commercial applications and as such fabrication of membrane is a key area of interest. This study involves fabricating a FO membrane using blends of two polymers- Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Cellulose Acetate (CA) using Phase Inversion (PI) method and doping it with Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticles to further enhance its hydrophilic properties to improve membrane’s performance in FO operation. A maximum water flux of 1.36 LPH was observed with a 15 wt% polymer with 1 wt% GO doping when operated in AL-FS mode containing 1 M NaCl draw solution.

Smart Cities Concept for Historical Buildings

The article presents the literature review on building environment quality especially humidity of historical buildings. It is based on the research of the application of electro osmosis for drying of historical buildings in Bratislava conducted by the Department of the physics at the Faculty of Civil Engineering Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The applied technology is put in the context with the Smart Cities concept, to extend and improve the efficiency of the dehumidification process.

Experimental Investigation of Solar Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Pollution and over exploitation of groundwater aquifer and surface water have led to a decrease of quality and availability of natural water resource in many regions. This situation has led to elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) beyond standards and facilitates toxic metals accumulation and other problems like staining and/or precipitation. One of the treatment options for an elevated total dissolved solution is desalination using a solar driven reverse osmosis system. The northern part of Ethiopia has short rainy season and long dry weather with clear sky radiation. Solar radiation ranges from 5.46 kWh/m 2 /day in August to 6.82 kWh/m 2 /day in April, with an average of 6.09 kWh/m 2 /day. This paper deals with application of reverse osmosis, driven by desalination system using solar energy, to supply safe drinking water for the rural areas of northern Ethiopia. Reverse osmosis due to its low energy consumption is one of the best desalination alternatives. Solar powered reverse osmosis system was developed and installed at Mekelle University. The main components are photovoltaic panels, two DC powered pumps, carbon filters, and flow meters. The system made to operate in a variable power, flow, and pressure considering the naturally varying irradiance throughout the day. The entire process of irradiation potential measurements, the amount of energy generated using solar panel, and the amount of TDS is discussed. The feed water with nearly constant TDS around 2800 ppm from the study area has reduced to fairly constant TDS of about 100 ppm after desalination. The average desalination capacity of the system is 50 litres per hour. Keywords : Carbon filter; Desalination; Flow meter; Reverse osmosis; Photovoltaic cells, Ethiopia.

Forward Osmosis in India: Status and Comparison with Other Desalination Technologies.

With an increase in demand of freshwater and depleting water sources, it is imperative to switch to seawater as a regular source of water supply. However, due to the high total dissolved solid content, it has to be desalinated to make it drinkable. While desalination technologies have been used for many years, mass deployment of such technologies poses a number of challenges like high energy requirements as well as high negative environmental impact through side products and CO2 emissions. The purpose of this paper is to present a sustainable technology for desalination. Forward osmosis, an emerging technology, is compared with the other commonly used technologies worldwide, namely, multieffect distillation, multistage flash distillation, and reverse osmosis as well as other emerging technologies like vapour compression, solar humidification dehumidification, nanofiltration, and freezing desalination. As energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions are one of the major concerns of desalination, this paper concludes that forward osmosis is an emerging sustainable technology for seawater desalination. This paper then presents the challenges involved in the application of forward osmosis in India and presents a plant setup. In the end, the cost comparison of a forward osmosis and reverse osmosis plant has been done and it was concluded that forward osmosis is economically better as well.

Combined adsorbents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators in soil for treating reverse osmosis concentrates

The increasing presence of contaminants in water streams is an emerging concern with regards to detection, cost-effective treatments, and analytical methods of addressing the resulting pollution, especially for emerging contaminants. The application of reverse osmosis (RO) is one method used to improve water quality, but few researchers have investigated the specific contaminants found in water, including emerging contaminants generated from the RO process. The present study focused on this issue to investigate a potential method for treating RO concentrates. The method involves a composition system with both chemical and physical treatment effects; this system consists of radical generators and adsorbents in soil. Contaminants from RO concentrates were effectively removed through the combined physical and chemical processes. The proposed composition system has several benefits, including a relatively low cost, no separate equipment, and simplicity of use. This new system may offer a wide range of applications for environmental remediation.

Study of Forward Osmosis Membrane Bioreactor

A novel submerged forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (FOMBR) is presented in this study. The selection of optical draw solutions for forward osmosis (FO) applications was developed and the Na2SO4 solution was found to be the most appropriate draw solution among five draw solutions for FO applications. The properties of two hollow fiber composite FO membranes, designated membranes A and B, which consist of an active layer formed atop a support layer, were prepared and utilized. Meanwhile, the water flux and removal efficiencies were evaluated in FO mode. Both of the FO membranes were found to reject greater than 95% of COD and 85% of NH3-N. Water flux changes suggested a better application with membrane A than membrane B for FOMBR.

RO Processes Offer Water Supply Options

wo rapidly growing reverse osmosis (RO) applications are seawater desalination and municipal wastewater reclamation. As water shortages increase, enhanced technology is improving the reliability of desalination processes and making produced water more affordable. RO Benefits RO technology continues to increase its market share in the desalination market because of the technology’s improved reliability and reduced energy requirements. Even in seawater applications, where high feed salinity requires high-pressure RO operation, energy requirements for RO processes are lower than the combined energy requirements of distillation processes (see figure below). In seawater desalination applications, high water permeability of today’s RO membranes, combined with increasingly higher salt rejection, enables users to optimize system operating parameters to minimize energy requirements. Additional energy reductions are possible with advanced energy recovery systems. However, further energy reductions will be minimal because of pressure limitations of the RO process and osmotic pressure of the concentrate stream. RO Options Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane desalination technology that does not have such pressure limitations. Although FO development is still in its early stages, the technology promises to significantly lower ener

Twenty-five years of desalination in the Canary Islands: an historical review of the application of reverse osmosis using case studies and operational experience

The need for a good quality water in the Canary Islands was, and continues to be, the driving force for the use of reverse osmosis to desalinate brackish water and seawater for irrigation and potable use. A number of case histories are presented which show the development of the use of reverse osmosis, from the small plants built 25 years ago in the early 1970s to current-day use. The case histories show not only the increase in use of reverse osmosis but also plot the development of the performance of the available membranes. The case studies show the importance of bringing previous experience to the design and direct technical support to the customer by the membrane supplier in order to ensure satisfactory long-term stable system performance.

Seawater Pretreatment by Microfiltration: An Economic Assessment

This paper conducts cost and economic analyses of the microfiltration system (MFS) seawater pretreatment technique for reverse osmosis (RO) application. The study is based on operational results from an RO plant in Kuwait and, for the sake of comparability, the analysis follows the same approach as the earlier studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of alternative techniques. The analysis shows that the MFS is as cost-effective as the beachwell system, which gives substantial cost savings compared with the conventional surface system.

The Application of Reverse Osmosis to Recover Photographic Processing Wastes

The Application of Reverse Osmosis to Recover Photographic Processing Wastes

Application of reverse osmosis to reclamation of municipal wastewaters

Application of reverse osmosis to reclamation of municipal wastewaters

逆浸透法について

逆浸透法について