Application Of Organotin Compounds Research Articles

Organotin compounds in industrial catalysis: III. Vulcanization of blocked isocyanates and silicones

This is the third part of a series of reviews on the application of organotin compounds as the catalysts for some important industrial processes, such as (re)esterification and production of polyurethanes. The third review considers the application of organotin compounds as the catalysts for vulcanization of blocked isocyanates and silicones.

Organotin Compounds in Industrial Catalysis. II. Polyurethanes Formation Processes

This is the second part of a series of reviews on the application of organotin compounds as the catalysts for some important industrial processes. This review considers the application of organotin compounds in the processes of polyurethanes formation.

Organotin Compounds in Industrial Catalysis. I. (Re)esterification Processes

This is the first part of a series of reviews on the application of organotin compounds as the catalysts for some important industrial processes, such as (re)esterification and production of polyurethanes, and also as the catalysts for cold vulcanization of silicones and other practically important processes. The first review considers the application of organotin compounds in (re)esterification processes.

Organotin Compounds: Environmental Fate and Analytics

For more than 50 years, organotin compounds have been used in almost all sectors of industry. As a consequence, specific parts of the environment are affected by the emission of these xenobiotics. The emissions of organotin compounds into the environment from paints used in the shipbuilding industry for ship hull coating and from plant protection products are particularly significant. In 2001, the IMO introduced a global ban on the use of organotins in antifouling systems. However, despite the introduction of laws restricting the production and application of organotin compounds, these contaminants still pose a threat to the environment. Organotin compounds have a very negative effect on live organisms, therefore monitoring different parts of the environment for their presence is extremely important. Sampling and determination of organotin levels is a complex process that requires several analytical activities such as the collection, transport, and storage of samples, extraction of analytes from biological samples, derivatization, purification, and the final determination. Most techniques used for analyzing organotin compounds are based on gas chromatography, although recently some modified liquid chromatography methods and capillary electrophoresis have also been applied. In this study the literature information on the following topics is presented: toxicity, environmental fate, and analytical methods used for determining organotin compounds in environmental samples.

Application of organotin compounds for protecting wood and other materials and in nonfouling paints

The present review is the third part of a review series dedicated to application of organotin compounds. This part discusses the application of organotin compounds for protection of wood and other natural and synthetic materials from biological damage, as well as biocidal additives to nonfouling paints. The prospects are discussed of using organotin compounds in these areas.

IMO-AFS 협약 채택에 따른 국내 대처방안 연구

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1998 by meetings 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC (Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the International Marine Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the application of organo-tin compounds as biocides in Anti-fouling systems by Jan. 2003, and a complete prohibition on the presence of organo-tin compounds on ships by 1 Jan. 2008. This paper suggests a method to design International Anti-fouling system cretificate, Record of anti-fouling system, Endorsement of the Records, Declaration on Anti-fouling System, Port State Control and reform(legislative) associated a law.

Effect of Organotin Compounds on the Growth of the Freshwater AlgaScenedesmus quadricauda

Organotin compounds (OTCs) are extensively used in a variety of industrial processes and their increasing discharge into the environment is a topic of current concern. Many OTCs are toxic to various organisms and they are used to a limited but significant extent as biocidal agents in agriculture and technology. The concentration and form in which tin (Sn) is present in the environment determines its toxicological effects. The present study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effect of 12 OTCs [A, dibutyl tin bis-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; B, dimethyltin bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate); C, triphenyltin chloride; D, triphenyltin acetate; E, triphenyltinN,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; F, tribenzyltin bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate); G, tribenzyltin chloride; H, bis (tributyltin)-3,4,5,6-tetrachlor phthalate; I, tributyltin sulfaminate; J, tributyltinN,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; K, tributyltin naphthenate; and L, tributyltin oxide (TBTO)] in four concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/liter) on the growth of freshwater algaScenedesmus quadricaudaunder standardized conditions. The inhibitory effect of OTCs after 12 days cultivation in percentages for each concentration used was determined and individual growth curves ofS. quadricaudafor tested concentrations of OTCs and for control were plotted. On the basis of the percentage of control growth the rank order of inhibition after 12 days application of OTCs in concentration 1.0 mg/liter was made: L = H = F = C > E > D > J = K > I > G > A > B. From this rank order, it is evident that the least inhibitive effects on algal growth were from the diorganotin compounds A and B, especially compound B with a methyl group in then-alkyl chain. The most toxic was compound L (TBTO) with a butyl group in side chain.

Application of Organotin Compounds in Plastics

Application of Organotin Compounds in Plastics

Application of Organo-Tin Compounds.

Application of Organo-Tin Compounds.