Application Of Optical Technology Research Articles

Technique for enhancing the accuracy of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld convolutional diffraction through the utilization of independent spatial sampling.

The Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral (RSD) is a rigorous solution that precisely satisfies both Maxwell's equations and Helmholtz's equations. It seamlessly integrates Huygens' principle, providing an accurate description of the coherent light propagation within the entire diffraction field. Therefore, the rapid and precise computation of the RSD is crucial for light transport simulation and optical technology applications based on it. However, the current FFT-based Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral convolution algorithm (CRSD) exhibits poor performance in the near field, thereby limiting its applicability and impeding further development across various fields. The present study proposes, to our knowledge, a novel approach to enhance the accuracy of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld convolution algorithm by employing independent sampling techniques in both spatial and frequency domains. The crux of this methodology involves segregating the spatial and frequency domains, followed by autonomous sampling within each domain. The proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of RSD during the short distance while ensuring computational efficiency.

Label-Free Optical Technologies for Middle-Ear Diseases.

Medical applications of optical technology have increased tremendously in recent decades. Label-free techniques have the unique advantage of investigating biological samples in vivo without introducing exogenous agents. This is especially beneficial for a rapid clinical translation as it reduces the need for toxicity studies and regulatory approval for exogenous labels. Emerging applications have utilized label-free optical technology for screening, diagnosis, and surgical guidance. Advancements in detection technology and rapid improvements in artificial intelligence have expedited the clinical implementation of some optical technologies. Among numerous biomedical application areas, middle-ear disease is a unique space where label-free technology has great potential. The middle ear has a unique anatomical location that can be accessed through a dark channel, the external auditory canal; it can be sampled through a tympanic membrane of approximately 100 microns in thickness. The tympanic membrane is the only membrane in the body that is surrounded by air on both sides, under normal conditions. Despite these favorable characteristics, current examination modalities for middle-ear space utilize century-old technology such as white-light otoscopy. This paper reviews existing label-free imaging technologies and their current progress in visualizing middle-ear diseases. We discuss potential opportunities, barriers, and practical considerations when transitioning label-free technology to clinical applications.

Near‐Infrared Responsive Nanomaterials for the Regulation of Ion Channel Function

AbstractIon channels are responsible for the propagation and integration of electrical signals in physiological processes. Overactivation or dysfunction of ion channel plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes and is an important research object for disease treatment. With the widespread application of optical technologies of near infrared (NIR) light responsive materials, the precise regulation of biological processes through optical control, featuring noninvasive, remote control, and high flexibility, has penetrated the physiological processes. In recent years, an increasing number of light‐stimulated materials have been developed and utilized, with stable properties, easy modification, and sensitive response, enabling precise control of biological processes at the forefront of biomedical research. This review summarizes NIR responsive materials in ion channel regulation and elucidates their action mechanism in regulating ion channel‐related diseases. It is hoped that this review can provide foundation of research for future light‐stimulated materials, promote the application of light‐stimulated materials in biomedical engineering, and be useful for clinical disease treatment.

The application of optical technology in the diagnosis and therapy of oxidative stress-mediated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is defined as liver tissue damage and cell death caused by reperfusion during liver transplantation or hepatectomy. Oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms of HIRI. Studies have shown that the incidence of HIRI is very high, however, the number of patients who can get timely and efficient treatment is small. The reason is not hard to explain that invasive ways of detection and lack of timely of diagnostic methods. Hence, a new detection method is urgently needed in clinic application. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are markers of oxidative stress in the liver, could be detected by optical imaging and offer timely and effective non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring. Optical imaging could become the most potential tool of diagnosis of HIRI in the future. In addition, optical technology can also be used in disease treatment. It found that optical therapy has the function of anti-oxidative stress. Consequently, it has possibility to treat HIRI caused by oxidative stress. In this review, we mainly summarized the application and prospect of optical techniques in oxidative stress-induced by HIRI.

Thickness Determination of Ultrathin 2D Materials Empowered by Machine Learning Algorithms

AbstractThe number of layers of 2D materials is of great significance for regulating the performance of nanoelectronic devices and optoelectronic devices, where the optimal thickness of the target sample should be determined before further physical research or device manufacturing steps. At present, a variety of different optical technologies have been proposed to determine the thickness of samples by using the relationship between the number of layers and optical properties, including optical contrast, optical imaging, Raman spectra, photoluminescence spectra, nonlinear spectra, near‐field optical imaging, ellipsometry spectra, and hyperspectral imaging. In the past decade, the rapidly growing number of 2D materials and their heterostructures has exceeded the capacity of traditional experimental and computational methods. In recent years, machine learning (ML) is emerging as a powerful tool to support such traditional methods, which brings new opportunities to tap the potential of optical technology in a more perspicacious way. The application of optical technology has greatly facilitated the acquisition of optical information of materials, while ML algorithms provide a fast, high‐throughput, and intelligent way to complete back‐end data processing and inference. A profound integration of conventional optical technologies and ML algorithms significantly helps 2D materials progress in basic studies and practical applications and further promotes industrial manufacturing.

Determination of microscopic optical properties of agar and Zerdine phantoms at 635 nm using Kubelka-Munk function approach: A numerical study

<p><span>Since the precise and accurate determination of the optical properties of materials is very important for the development and application of optical technology, the investigation of the optical properties of biological tissues with tissue-like phantoms is an important research field in the applications of lasers in medicine. In this study, after directly determining the macroscopic optical properties of the agar and Zerdine phantoms at 635 nm, including the absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, and total attenuation coefficient with the single integrating sphere test apparatus; the microscopic optical characterization of these two different soft tissue phantoms were realized at 635 nm by using the Kubelka-Munk function approach. For this, the microscopic optical parameters, which are the absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, reduced scattering coefficient, and penetration depth, were calculated over these determined macroscopic optical properties.</span></p>

Observation of a triangular-lattice pattern in nonlinear wave mixing with optical vortices

Preparation, control, and measurement of optical vortices are increasingly important, as they play essential roles in both fundamental science and optical technology applications. Spatial light modulation is the main approach behind the control strategies, although there are limitations concerning the controllable wavelength. It is therefore crucial to develop approaches that expand the spectral range of light modulation. Here, we demonstrate the modulation of light by light in nonlinear optical interactions to demonstrate the identification of the topological charge of optical vortices. A triangular-lattice pattern is observed in light beams resulting from the spatial cross modulation between an optical vortex and a triangular shaped beam undergoing parametric interaction. Both up- and downconversion processes are investigated, and the far-field image of the converted beam exhibits a triangular lattice. The number of sites and the lattice orientation are determined by the topological charge of the vortex beam. In the downconversion process, the lattice orientation can also be affected by phase conjugation. The observed cross modulation works for a large variety of spatial field structures. Our results show that modulation of light by light can be used at wavelengths for which solid-state devices are not yet available.

Realization of vis-NIR Dual-Modal Circularly Polarized Light Detection in Chiral Perovskite Bulk Crystals.

Circularly polarized light (CPL)-sensitive direct detection is attracting increasing attention owing to its various optical technology applications and ultracompact device structures. However, current CPL-sensitive direct detection mainly focuses on a single mode, whereas the visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR) dual-modal detection, which is important for improving device sensitivity and night-vision performance, still remains to be explored. Here, for the first time, the vis-NIR dual-modal CPL-sensitive direct detection is presented in bulk single crystals of two-dimensional chiral perovskite (R-BPEA)2PbI4 (R-BPEA = (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylammonium). Benefiting from the strong light-matter interaction of the layered structure, (R-BPEA)2PbI4 shows a two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of up to 55 cm/MW, which almost falls around the highest value of 2D hybrid perovskites. Notably, (R-BPEA)2PbI4 exhibits a high vis-NIR dual-modal CPL-sensitive direct detecting performance under both visible light (520 nm) and NIR light (800 nm), with the on/off ratios of current higher than 103, and the anisotropy factors for photocurrent higher than 0.1. This work will shed light on the design of new chiral semiconductors with a large TPA coefficient and promote their applications in vis-NIR dual-modal CPL-sensitive direct detection.

Facile synthesis of a novel transparent melt‐spinnable polysilazane

AbstractIn this study, a novel colorless and transparent polysilazane (PSZ) with excellent spinnability was facilely synthesized via the thermal polymerization of silazane oligomer at 330℃. The silazane precursor was fabricated by one‐step copolycondensation of methyldichlorosilane (CH3SiHCl2) and dimethyldichlorosilane ((CH3)2SiCl2) in various ratios at 0℃ without catalyst during the reaction. The chemical composition, molecule structure, molecular weight and ceramic yield of PSZ were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis chromatography‐mass spectrometry (PY‐GC/MS). The optimized novel transparent melt‐spinnable PSZ was a colorless and transparent brittle solid with a Mw = 14,231 and a melting point of 100℃, which was prepared with an optimal molar ratio of raw materials at 1.9:1 (CH3SiHCl2: (CH3)2SiCl2). Fibers with various diameters were spun using a homemade melt spinning setup at 90–120°C. The obtained PSZ showed outstanding spinnability, and the prepared continuous fibers exhibited a uniform diameter (10–80 microns) and a smooth surface up to 1000 meters long. In addition, possible polymerization mechanisms of PSZ were also discussed. The PSZ showed the excellent rheological properties in melt‐spinning as a potential precursor for Si3N4 fibers. The novel optically transparent polysilazane material also have great potential applications in optical technology and engineering.

CdSe/Ag Hybrid Aerogels: Integration of Plasmonic and Excitonic Properties of Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures via Sol–Gel Assembly

Metal–semiconductor hybrid nanomaterials (HNMs) exhibit unique properties that are distinct from individual nanostructures, leading to promising applications in optical technologies. The interfacial linkage of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles (NPs) via cogelation is an effective strategy to produce HNMs that show strong plasmon‐exciton coupling and improved physical properties. However, optical properties of these hybrids show little to no tunability. Herein, CdSe/Ag hybrid aerogels that show tunable absorption and photoluminescence (PL) are produced by cogelation of CdSe nanorods (NRs) or NPs with Ag hollow NPs. Hybrid electronic states are created by overlapping the excitonic absorption of CdSe NRs or NPs with the plasmonic absorption of Ag NPs. Physical characterization of the hybrids reveals an interconnected network of hexagonal CdSe and cubic Ag NPs, linked by Ag+ and Se2− surface species, without intervening ligands. PL spectra exhibit maxima at 640 and 720 nm for the CdSe NPs/Ag and CdSe NRs/Ag hybrids, respectively, corresponding to new radiative decay mechanisms. Time‐resolved PL data support the emergence of new radiative pathways, kinetically and energetically distinct from the excitonic and plasmonic properties of primary NPs. This new approach of metal–semiconductor hybrid formation through cogelation is intriguing for the design of high‐efficiency HNMs without detrimental PL quenching.

A dual-crosslinking strategy for building photoluminescence hydrogel with toughness, self-recovery, and two-color tunability

The development of tenacity photoluminescent (PL) hydrogels is very great significance to promote the application of optical technology in hydrogel. Herein, we report a high-toughness PL hydrogel that combines synthetic hydrophilic lanthanide complex (LCs) and tannic acid (TA) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by frozen-thawing. The resulting hydrogel has high mechanical strength (1194.46-kPa tensile strength, 1266.17-kJ m−3 toughness energy, 1915.58-kPa compressive strength, and 269.79-kJ m−3 energy dissipation at 80% compression), excellent self-recover and anti-fatigue performance, good photoluminescence, and switchable functions under UV light, showing red (254 nm) and green (365 nm), respectively. The design strategy offers a new approach for the preparation of multifunctional and tenacity PL hydrogels.

Application of optical technologies in the US poultry slaughter facilities for the detection of poultry carcase condemnation

ABSTRACT 1. This article reviews the studies on optical technologies for automated poultry carcase inspection, discusses challenges and potential solutions in their real-time applications in poultry slaughter facilities. 2. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been underway to develop an optical technology-based machine vision system for automated inspection of poultry carcases and viscera. Such an automated technology will not only aid in carcase inspection to maximise food safety, but it will also support the U.S. New Poultry Inspection System’s aim to foster innovation in poultry processing as well as increase line speed. 3. Many earlier studies based on visible and near-infrared spectroscopy showed promise, but could not be implemented successfully in an on-line poultry processing plant. Currently, multi- and hyper-spectral imaging-based machine vision systems have shown promising outcomes. 5. The critical hurdles for real-time application of automated imaging technology in poultry carcase inspection include high-speed processing lines, slaughter facilities environment and variation in broiler rearing practices. Therefore, further improvement in imaging and machine vision technologies based on physiochemical properties on poultry carcases, the establishment of more technology friendly inspection station, and an integrated data management for different rearing practices are essential to overcome those hurdles.

Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence of Phosphors Using Shell-Isolated Nanoparticles for Display Technologies

Plasmonics has attracted considerable interest due to its promising applications in optical technology, with particular attention recently being focused on the plasmon-enhanced emission of phosphor...

Printed Soft Optical Waveguides of PLA Copolymers for Guiding Light into Tissue.

The application of optical technologies in treating pathologies and monitoring disease states requires the development of soft, minimal invasive and implantable devices to deliver light to tissues inside the body. Here, we present soft and degradable optical waveguides from poly(d,l-lactide) and derived copolymers fabricated by extrusion printing in the desired dimensions and shapes. The obtained optical waveguides propagate VIS to NIR light in air and in tissue at penetration depths of tens of centimeters. Besides, the printed waveguides have elastomeric properties at body temperature and show softness and flexibility in the range relevant for implantable devices in soft organs. Printed waveguides were able to guide light across 8 cm tissue and activate photocleavage chemical reactions in a photoresponsive hydrogel (in vitro). The simplicity and flexibility of the fiber processing method and the optical and mechanical performance of the obtained waveguides exemplify how rational study of medically approved biomaterials can lead to useful inks for printing cost-effective and flexible optical components for potential use in medical contexts.

Electrically modulated varifocal metalens combined with twisted nematic liquid crystals.

Focus-tunable lenses are indispensable to optical systems. This paper proposes an electrically modulated varifocal metalens combined with twisted nematic liquid crystals. In our design, a metalens is employed to focus on different points depending on the polarization state of incident light. We demonstrated that the varifocal metalens has a sub-millisecond response time. Furthermore, the numerical aperture of both the first and second focal points can be customized to achieve a wide range of 0.2-0.7. Moreover, the full width at half maximum approached the diffraction limit at multiple focal points. Because of the advantages of our proposed electrically modulated metalens, it has the potential for application in optical technology and biomedical science, both of which require high image quality and a rapid response time.

光学技术在中国月球和深空探测中的应用（特约）

Optical technology is widely applied in the China Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) and the first China Martian exploration project: More than half of the scientific payloads were optical remote-sensing payload, and it was also widely used in the engineering areas including autonomous navigation, TT&C, monitoring, rendezvous and docking. In this paper, accomplished CLEP missions, on-going Chinese lunar and Martian projects and especially main achievements of optical technology applications were overviewed. Roadmap on China's future lunar, mars, jupiter and asteroids exploration was introduced. Development trends and prospects of optical technology in lunar and deep space exploration were analyzed and proposed.

Evaluation of Splice Loss of Single-Mode Graded Index Fiber in Presence of Kerr Nonlinearity

We present here evaluation of splice loss of single-mode graded index fiber in presence of Kerr type nonlinearity by a simple iterative method involving Chebyshev technique. We restrict our analysis to two different cases of splice losses involving angular and transverse offsets because splices are highly tolerant for longitudinal separation. Our analysis by the said power series for two typical graded index fibers namely step index and parabolic index fibers provide excellent results. The evaluation of concerned parameters by our technique requires very little computations. Thus our formalism will prove user friendly to system engineers. Accordingly, this formalism may prove useful in many applications in optical technology involving graded index fibers.

Fluorescent color conversion of luminous hydrogel upon stimulation of basic molecule

Developing novel luminescent hydrogel is tremendously significant for promoting process in the application of optical technology. Intelligent, versatile and eco-friendly features seem to be dominated trends. Here, we report a luminous hydrogel based on the stimulating response behavior. Lanthanide complex Tb(SA) (SA = salicylic acid) is incorporated into hydrogel, achieving light color conversion via controlled antenna effect as established spectral analysis. Moreover, a dual-encryption anticounterfeiting hydrogel device activated by both photons and alkali molecules was developed via utilizing sandwich structure based on encapsulate technology. Compared to conventional hybrid luminescent materials, this hydrogel as a functionalized material can be applied into multiple fields and is an ideal choice in practical applications.

Biophotonics and beyond

This editorial serves as an overview of worldwide biophotonics research. Specifically, it lays out its advantages, optical technologies, current research trends, interdisciplinary nature, and growth factor in an informative manner. It aims to help biophotonics researchers recognize their important roles in the development and application of optical technologies to studies in biology, medicine, pharmaceutical science, environmental science, and agriculture as well as to provide newcomers interested in starting biophotonics research with the significance, merits, and future perspective of the field. Biophotonics is highly interdisciplinary by nature and acts as a gold mine of ideas, discoveries, and innovations. The future of biophotonics is bright and welcomes interested newcomers.

Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Phosphorescence.

The emerging field of plasmonics has promoted applications of optical technology, especially in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy (PES). However, in plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF), "metal loss" could significantly quench the fluorescence during the process, which dramatically limits its applications in analysis and high-resolution imaging. In this report, silver core silica shell-isolated nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2 NPs or SHINs) with a tunable thickness of shell are used to investigate the interactions between NPs and emitters by constructing coupling and noncoupling modes. The plasmonic coupling mode between Ag@SiO2 NPs and Ag film reveals an exceeding integrating spectral intensity enhancement of 330 and about 124 times that of the radiative emission rate acceleration for shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced phosphorescence (SHINEP). The experimental findings are supported by theoretical calculations using the finite-element method (FEM). Hence, the SHINEP may provide a novel approach for understanding the interaction of plasmon and phosphorescence, and it holds great potential in surface detection analysis and singlet-oxygen-based clinical therapy.