Application Of Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Research Articles

Vigor and Viability of Harvested Barley Seeds as Affectd by Phosphorus Levels and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

Out of three macro nutrients, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients and necessary for plant growth. N2 fixing bacteria are microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen. The presented research was conducted to estimate the effect of phosphorus levels and nitrogen fixing bacteria on the vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds at Agronomy Research LabOut of three macro nutrients, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients and necessary for plant growth. N2 fixing bacteria are microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen. The presented research was conducted to estimate the effect of phosphorus levels and nitrogen fixing bacteria on the vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds at Agronomy Research Laboratory, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having four replications. The experiment is consisted of two-factors in which one factor was nitrogen fixing bacteria (with and without) and the other was phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) with control. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all parameters and interaction. Based on experimental results phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 significantly increased germination (86.25 %), germination rate (6.16), seedling length (21.82 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). The application of nitrogen fixing bacteria shows positive response in all the parameters. N2 fixing bacteria significantly increased germination (86.50 %), germination rate (6.17), seedling length (20.60 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). Interaction between phosphorus level and nitrogen fixing bacteria was found significant for seedling length and shoot fresh weight. It was concluded that phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 with nitrogen fixing bacteria is recommended for increasing vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds. oratory, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having four replications. The experiment is consisted of two-factors in which one factor was nitrogen fixing bacteria (with and without) and the other was phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) with control. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all parameters and interaction. Based on experimental results phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 significantly increased germination (86.25 %), germination rate (6.16), seedling length (21.82 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). The application of nitrogen fixing bacteria shows positive response in all the parameters. N2 fixing bacteria significantly increased germination (86.50 %), germination rate (6.17), seedling length (20.60 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). Interaction between phosphorus level and nitrogen fixing bacteria was found significant for seedling length and shoot fresh weight. It was concluded that phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 with nitrogen fixing bacteria is recommended for increasing vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds.

Potensi Kompos, tepung Azolla dan Dedak sebagai bahan Pembawa Bakteri Pemfiksasi N (BPN) dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah Padi Gogo pada Inceptisols Jatinangor

Rice is an important commodity in Indonesia because rice is the main source of carbohydrates for the Indonesian. Rice production in Indonesia relies on lowland rice, but the productivity of lowland rice is decreasing. One of the efforts to increase rice national production is utilizing upland rice plants. The problem with upland rice is its low productivity. Nitrogen-fixing biological fertilizers can be used to increase the productivity of upland rice plants. The effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen fixing bacteria with different carrier materials on the growth and yield of upland rice in Inceptisols Jatinangor was studied. Randomized block design with two factors: the recommended dose of urea fertilizer (100% and 50%) and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria factor with different carriers (compost, rice bran, and Azolla powder) were applied as an experimental design. The experimental results showed that the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer dose and nitrogen-fixing bacteria with different carriers had no significant effect on plant height, number of panicles, root shoot ratio, and weight of 1000 grains of upland rice plants. Application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with compost, bran, and Azolla powder as carriers was able to increase the average weight of the filled grain higher than the control.

INDOLE ACETIC ACID AND EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM NUTMEG TREE

The constraint of plant cultivation in the tropics is low nitrogen (N) content in soil. The application of nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) is not only fulfill the N demand but also provide the phytohormones Indole acetic acid (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS). The objective of the experiment was to was to isolate the NFB from the rhizosphere of nutmeg tree and characterized their IAA and EPS production in a liquid culture. The NFB was isolated by serial dilution plate method on Tryptic Soy Agar. In order to test the ability of various NFB isolates to produce IAA and EPS, all isolates were grown in Tryptic Soy Broth for 72 hours at room temperature. The results showed that at the end of experiment the media acidity was shift from neutral to alkaline. The population of five isolates of NFB was approximately 8-9 log10 (of CFU/mL). The IAA production in liquid culture of all isolates was similar but the EPS production was varied and depend on the isolates, The highest EPS content was in PL1 culture and the lowest was in the culture of PL5. This experiment verified that the NFB isolated from nutmeg rhizosphere enable to produce IAA and EPS.

The Effect of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Companion Red Clover on the Total Protein Content and Yield of the Grain of Spring Barley Grown in a System of Organic Agriculture

Field research was conducted in Poland from 2019–2021 to determine the effect of the bacteria Azospirillumlipoferum Br17 and Azotobacter chroococcum, as well as companion red clover on the total protein content and yield in the grain of spring barley cultivated in a system of organic agriculture. Two factors were examined in the field experiment: I. bacterial formulations: 1—control, 2—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillumlipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum), 3—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillumlipoferum Br17, Azotobacter chroococcum) + phosphorus-releasing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Arthrobacter agilis), and 4—nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) + plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens); II. companion crop: control without a companion crop, red clover, and red clover + Italian ryegrass. In spring barley grain, the total protein content was determined and the total protein yield was calculated. The obtained study results demonstrated that the growing season conditions significantly affected the total protein content and yield in the spring barley grain. The highest total protein content was recorded in the grain of spring barley following an application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) combined with PGPR (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens) and grown with companion red clover.

Application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and poultry droppings for enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted-soil

The exploration, production and refining of crude oil has led to severe environmental degradation in the oil producing communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Enhanced bioremediation of tropical rainforest soil artificially polluted with crude oil, bioaugmented with nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and biostimulated with poultry droppings was carried out ex situ. Soil sample was collected at 15cm depth from tropical rainforest soil of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The NFB was isolated from roots of leguminous plant Arachis hypogea, identified as Nitrobacter species. Bioaugmentation by application of NFB served as option A, option B (biostimulation by application of poultry droppings), option C (No amendment) served as the control. Bioremediation was monitored for 28 days for interval of 14 days, and determined using the percentage ratio of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) losses for each period to TPH at initial day (day zero). Results of total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) counts showed that highest range in option B (1.9×104- 2.4×109Cfu/g) than in option A (7.8×106 -2.29×107Cfu/g) and C (6.75×106 -2.6×107Cfu/g) respectively. Similarly, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) counts had higher range in option B (1.20×105 - 1.9×107Cfu/g) than in option A (8.30×104 - 2.30×105Cfu/g) and option C control (4.3×104 −1.69×105 Cfu/g) respectively. Changes in physicochemical parameters during the study showed reductions in nitrate, phosphate and TPH in all the options expect pH which showed slight increase in option C (6.20-6.24). Characterization and identification for bacteria revealed the following HUB genera Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Staphylocuccus and Nitrobacter). The percentage losses in TPH from gas chromatography (GC) results showed the following; option A (44.24%) option B (61.08%) and option C - control (27.28%) respectively. The results from this study showed that option B, the application of poultry droppings as biostimulant was more efficient than the application of NFB in enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil, hence the use of poultry droppings which is available as organic waste, eco-friendly and cost-effective is recommended asbiostimulant for enhanced bioremediation in environmental cleanup of crude oil impacted-sites of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
 Key Words: Bioremediation, Crude oil polluted-soil, Biostimulation, Bioaugumentation, Poultry droppings, Nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Application of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve Growth of Maize (Zea mays)

Maize ( Zea mays ) is one of the major crops and widely grown in Indonesia. On average, current maize yields are still below its potential. Thus, it needs to increase by good agricultural practices such as applying biofertilizer, which consists of beneficial bacteria. This research was aimed to find out the impact of the bacterial consortium of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (BPN) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (BPF) on the maize growth. The study was conducted in the greenhouse and arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments, i.e.: (1) negative control (no inorganic fertilizer and BPN-BPF); (2) positive control (100% inorganic fertilizer); (3) only BPN-BPF applied (no inorganic fertilizer); (4) 75% inorganic fertilizer + BPN-BPF; and (5) 50% inorganic fertilizer + BPN-BPF. The results revealed that the consortium of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria significantly improved certain soil chemical properties, such as C-organic, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Besides, the consortium of BPN and BPF also increased the maize growth and total biomass up to 19%. Further, a consortium of BPN and BPF increased the fertilizer efficiency by reducing the dosage of inorganic fertilizer up to 50%.

Diversity of the bacteria in the roots of sugarcane used to produce Wasanbon in Kagawa, Japan.

Soil bacteria are an important factor in the cycle of nutrients in soil, while root bacteria in the internal tissues of plants can promote plant growth. The aim of this research was to study the diversity of root bacteria of sugarcane grown in Kagawa, Japan. The sugarcane, derived from Saccharum sinense and grown only in this area, is used as a raw material for Wasanbon (a fine-grained Japanese sugar) and is characterized by thin stalks and a low sugar content. To determine its bacterial diversity, bacterial DNA was extracted from the soil and roots, and 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. A total of 1259 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the root bacteria and 3894 OTUs in the soil bacteria. The α-diversity between the soil and root bacteria was significantly different. The most abundant class of root and soil bacteria was proteobacteria at more than 50 and 30%, respectively. The endophyte bacteria of rhizobium were also isolated and the nifH gene was detected. The relationship between the application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the production of Wasanbon should be studied.

Effect of nitrogen fixing bacteria and moringa leaf extract on fruit yield, estragole content and total phenols of organic fennel

The pharmaceutical manufacturer demand of organic medical and aromatic plants has strongly increased during the past decade. Therefore, using biostimulants to improve plant growth is a key factor in organic agriculture. The efficiency of three strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), two concentrations of moringa leaf extract (MLE) and their combinations have been evaluated on fennel plant growth, yield, and oil components. Plant height, branch number per plant, herb fresh weight, fruit weight, umbel number per plant, and fruit yield were significantly enhanced with the application of NFB and/or MLE. Photosynthetic pigments, total phenols, and oil components were also improved. The formation of the undesirable oil component, estragole, has been inhibited simultaneously with an increase in trans-anethole with the application of NFB, particularly Bacillus polymyxa (NFB1). Contrary, estragole content was dominant, in comparison to trans-anethole, with the MLE application. In this regard, the most pronounced effect was noticed with the combined application of Azotobacter chroococcum (NFB2) and MLE2. It could be concluded that using NFB as a biofertilizer without MLE is recommended for organic fennel production, in terms of fruit yield and oil quality.

Foliar application of nitrogen fixing bacteria increases growth and yield of canola grown under different nitrogen regimes

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of nitrogen fixing bacteria on canola growth and yield. Azotobacter chroococcum Strain 5 and Azospirillum lipoferum Strain 21 as well as mixture of them were used on aerial parts of two canola cultivars under different nitrogen regimes. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement in three replications. The results indicated that foliar application of bacteria significantly promoted almost all agronomic traits. These positive effects amplified when both species of bacteria were applied simultaneously on the plants.

Yield and Quality of Forage Oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) Cultivars as Affected by Seed Inoculation with Nitrogenous Strains

Nitrogen availability can be enhanced with the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and it may be helpful in increasing forage yield and improving quality of oat. Therefore, a field trial to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria on forage yield and quality of oat was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements using three replications. The experiment was comprised of two integrated approaches. The first approach was oat cultivars consisting of four treatments, V1 (AVON), V2 (S-2000), V3 (S-2011) and V4 (PD2LV65) and the second approach was seed inoculation consisting of three treatments, S0 (control), S1 (Azotobacter spp.), S2 (Azospirillum spp.). Fisher’s analysis of variance technique was used for statistically interpretation of data by using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. Nitrogen fixing bacteria significantly affect the germination count (m2), plant height (cm), number of tillers (m2), number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller (cm2), green forage yield (t·ha-1) and dry matter yield (t ha-1). The maximum green forage yield (85.2 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (14.1 t ·ha-1) and crude protein (11.5%) were recorded where Azotobacter inoculation was applied. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogenous strains was significant for green forage yield (t·ha-1), dry matter yield (t·ha-1) and crude protein (%). Conclusion showed that cultivar Sargodha-2011 which was inoculated with Azotobacter spp. gave higher forage yield of good quality.

Response of sugarcane varieties to application of nitrogen fixing bacteria under different nitrogen levels

A field study was undertaken to evaluate the response of sugarcane varieties to application ofAzotobacter,Azospirillum andGluconacetobacter under different levels of fertilizer nitrogen.Azospirillum significantly improved the cane and sugar yield compared toGluconacetobacter, Azotobacter and uninoculated control.Gluconacetobacter andAzotobacter were on par.Gluconacetobacter was better than uninoculated control. There was differential response of varieties to Biofertilizers for cane yield and CCS per cent. Co 8014, Co 8122, Co 8021 and Co 6304 responded in terms of cane yield toAzospirillum while Co 8021 responded toGluconacetobacter and Co 6304 responded toAzotobacter. The response toAzospirillum in terms of cane yield was more under lower nitrogen level (200 kg ha-1) compared to normal nitrogen level (300 kg ha-1). Co 8122 showed a significant improvement in CCS per cent forAzotobacter, Azospirillum andGluconacetobacter, while CoC 85061 only toAzospirillum. Varieties Co 8014, Co 8021 and Co 6304 did not show any improvement in CCS percent for biofertilizers. Biofertilizers significantly improved the nitrogen content of stem at 200 and 300 kg N ha-1 compared to control. Biofertilizers did not influence the soil available nitrogen status.