Application Of Natural Materials Research Articles

Implementation of Learning Methods Based on Natural Materials and Science for Group B Kindergarten

The purpose of this research is to determine the application of the learning modelof natural materials and science centers for group B students in LestariKindergartens and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in theapplication of the learning model of natural materials and science centers inLestari Kindergartens. This research uses a qualitative approach that aims todescribe the processes that occur in the field. Data collection techniques arecarried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The resulting datais then analyzed, through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions usingqualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show: (1) The application ofnatural materials and science center learning includes: planning, implementationand evaluation. The implementation of central learning uses four steps startingfrom the playing environment, the steps before playing, the steps during play, andthe steps after playing. Evaluation of learning centers is carried out by observationand then assessed using checklists and anecdotes, as well as documentation in theform of work results. (2) Supporting factors in the application of natural materialsand science centers to science abilities, namely, the teacher's ability to masteradequate learning materials and learning media, while inhibiting factors in theapplication of natural materials and science centers to students' science abilities,namely: changing the K13 curriculum to a curriculum freedom to learn, facilitiesand infrastructure and children's activeness in participating in learning activities.Keywords: Learning Center Model, Natural Materials and Science Center, Child.

Starch‐Based Materials as a Natural Compound's Application in Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Systematic Review

AbstractCurrently, the application of natural materials is a good alternative to prevent secondary damage to humans and the environment. Therefore, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of these degradable and environmentally friendly materials to reduce toxicity and treatment costs. As a natural material, starch offers advantages of low cost, flexible modification, abundant presence of hydroxyl functional groups, and eco‐friendly. These configurations make it to a suitable material for remediation purposes, as it has received a great attention for removal of pollutants from water and wastewater, including but not limited to the heavy metals, pharmaceutical, dyes, and even inorganic contaminants. This work, therefore, aims to systematically evaluate starch‐based materials applications in remediation of water and wastewater media using the appropriate search terms from international databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and through PRISMA checklist. For this, the publications from 1973 to 2021 are searched. In the initial search, 980 articles are found of which 49 articles are included in the study. Then, the performance of the starch‐based materials for every single study as the pollutant(s) involved is summarized and discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of such application are extracted and a perspective is presented accordingly. This comprehensive review shows that the starch‐based derivatives’ can be potential options in water and wastewater treatment purposes, especially those modified. However, some limitations should be overcoming before scaling of the results.

Purification of biogas for methane enrichment using biomass-based adsorbents: A review

Among the others, CO2 and H2S are the major impurities present in biogas which typically hampers its direct application as biofuel. Therefore, an upgradation for the purity of biogas is a high research endeavour. In the recent past, several attempts are made to improve the quality of biogas with a focus to reduce the impact of global warming due to the excessive release of CO2. This is interesting to indicate that most of the biogas cleaning methods are expensive and very rare documents detailed the usage of sustainable materials for the purification of biogas. Given that, developments in the applications of natural materials as low-cost adsorbents used for the purification of biogas are well documented in the present review paper. Globally more than 40% of the countries utilise water scrubbing as the most popular method for the separation of biomethane. This article also reviews the other most accepted technologies such as different types of scrubbing, swing adsorption, and cryogenic separation with biological upgradation. Hybrid biological methods are used in methane upgrading systems to increase production of pure CH4 while reducing the need for energy and chemicals. Moreover, the article also summarized different numerical models, frequently adopted for the prediction of the upgradation of biomass. Finally, the article concludes with major bottlenecks involved in the processes and recommended scientific directives towards successfully transforming bench-scale studies into large-scale implementation. So, this article will ensure the readers gather overall technical information on the upgradation of biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of biomass.

Substitution of metal ion mordant with biomordants: Effect on color and fastness of reseda dyed on wool yarns

The environmental production of handmade carpets considering the application of natural materials; fibers, dyes, and mordants helps us benefit from the advantages of using renewable sources of raw materials. Metal salts are frequently employed as mordants to improve the fastness qualities. This article aims to investigate the yellow appearance of handmade carpets achieved by applying biomordants instead of metallic ones through spectral and colorimetric analysis. This method involved using reseda as a natural dye, yellow and black myrobalan as biomordants, and alum as a metallic mordant. After pre-mordanting and dyeing of the wool yarns, the achieved colors, color strengths, and key fastness properties were compared. The findings showed that using biomordants leads to appropriate color strengths and fastness qualities in addition to expanding the color gamut. Gratefully, the outcomes of current research guarantee to achieve the yellow appearance in Iranian handmade carpets through totally the novel eco-friendly procedure.

Valorisation, Characterisation and Application of Natural Materials (Zeolite and Chert) as Adsorbents for the Removal of Chromium(III) from an Aqueous Solution

Valorisation, Characterisation and Application of Natural Materials (Zeolite and Chert) as Adsorbents for the Removal of Chromium(III) from an Aqueous Solution

Using some Natural Minerals to Remove Cadmium from Polluted Water

Water scarcity is one of the most important problems facing humanity in various fields such as economics, industry, agriculture, and tourism. This may push people to use low-quality water like industrial-wastewater. The application of some chemical compounds to get rid of heavy metals such as cadmium is an environmentally harmful approach. It is well-known that heavy metals as cadmium may induce harmful problems when present in water and invade to soil, plants and food chain of a human being. In this case, man will be forced to use the low quality water in irrigation. Application of natural materials instead of chemicals to remove cadmium from polluted water is an environmental friendly approach. Attention was drawn in this research work to use some natural minerals as zeolite, bentonite and montmorillonite to adsorb cadmium element from polluted water. Various concentrations of cadmium in solutions 10, 30 and 50 ppm were treated with three different ratios of each mineral; 1, 3 and 5% (W/V). The obtained results proved that increasing the ratio of amendments to 5% increased Cd adsorption from solution particularly at 50ppm Cd. Zeolite obtained the highest ratio of adsorption (47.90 ppm), followed by montmorillonite (44.99 ppm) and the lowest was bentonite (38.97 ppm). Therefore, it can be recommended that addition of zeolite is the most favorable material to remove Cd element from polluted water.

Natural interface guiding cell: Directly using waste fish scales with rich micro/nano structures for control of cell behaviors

Extracellular matrix (ECM) with various micro/nano features is an important chemical and physical clue to control cell behaviors. Fish scale surface has rich structures and similar components to ECM, but there are no reports on directly using the natural surface of fish scales to guide cell behavior. Herein, natural interface of waste fish scales can be directly, simply, green, and low-costly used to regulate cell behavior. A series of characterization showed that the natural surface of fish scales is rich in micro/nano structures (groove, short ridge, fibers), contain collagen and hydroxyapatite, has suitable wettability and no cytotoxicity. These natural structures on waste fish scales have adjustable cell guidance abilities, which are consistent with the anisotropy levels of these structures (ordered fibers > grooves > damaged fibers > short ridges). Moreover, cell contact interaction with micro/nano topographies on the fish scale surface is dynamically adjustable with growth time, and also increased the chemoresistance of cancer cells to drug (irinotecan and cisplatin). Due to its advantages of wide material sources, waste recycling, patterning-free, and pretreatment-free, directly using biowastes (fish scales) not only provides a new opportunity for the development of in vitro anisotropic culture platform, but also helps to deepen the understanding and application of natural materials.

Encapsulation of Aloe Vera extract into natural Tragacanth Gum as a novel green wound healing product

Application of natural materials in wound healing is an interest topic due to effective treatment with no side effects. In this paper, Aloe Vera extract was encapsulated into Tragacanth Gum through a sonochemical microemulsion process to prepare a wound healing product. FESEM/EDX and FT-IR proved the successfully formation of the nanocapsules with spherical shape by cross-linking aluminum ions with Tragacanth Gum. The therapeutic characteristics of the prepared wound healing product were investigated using antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and wound healing assays. Relative high antimicrobial activities with the microbial reduction of 84, 91 and 80% against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans, a cell viability of 98% against human fibroblast cells and a good wound healing activity with considerable migration rate of fibroblast cells are the important advantages of the new formed wound healing product.

Characterization of Citric Acid-Modified Clam Shells and Application for Aqueous Lead (II) Removal

Due to the presence of chitin (a type of animal polysaccharides), clam shells (CS) exhibited a promising potential as the adsorbent for lead or Pb removal especially after surface modification by citric acid. Both porosity and surface areas of the citric acid-modified clam shell (CACS) were significantly increased as compared to the untreated CS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that carboxyl groups were increased on the surface of CACS. Zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that electrostatic interaction and ion exchange were the main adsorption mechanism. The adsorption capacity of CACS was enhanced by 34.9–61.7 % compared to that of CS. The Pb (II) adsorption capacity was increased from 4.848 to 4.929 mg Pb·g−1 with a temperature increase from 10 to 50 °C, respectively, suggesting that the adsorption process was endothermic. The Pb (II) adsorption kinetics on CACS well fitted the pseudo-second-order model, while the adsorption isotherm for Pb (II) could be described by the Langmuir equation. The presented work shed new insight into the application of natural materials as low-cost and effective absorbents to remove aqueous heavy metals such as Pb (II).

Dynamic-Mechanical Performance of Sponge Gourd Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

The engineering applications of natural materials to replace synthetic ones has marked increased in past decades owing to environmental, societal and economical issues. Among these natural materials, the lignocellulosic fibers obtained from plants are successfully being used as polymer composites reinforcement is substitution of the traditional glass fiber. One relatively unknown lignocellulosic fiber with potential for composite reinforcement is that extracted from the sponge gourd. In the present work, the dynamic-mechanical performance of unsaturated orthophtalic polyester matrix composites was evaluated for different volume fractions of continuous and aligned sponge gourd fiber reinforcement. The results revealed that an increasing incorporation of sponge gourd fiber improved the composite viscoelastic stiffness, while decreasing its glass transition temperature.

Improving Phosphate Efficiency by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Organic Matter Estimated by Radio Isotop (32P) Technique in Some Soils

Phosphorous (P) contents in many soils are varies highly along with their ability to provide available P to plant growth. Soils may contain very high in total P, but low in available P due to high P adsorbed by soil matrix and all their adsorbing agents. This research which using natural materials was aimed to increase P availability in some high-P absorption soils. The natural materials utilized for extracting P were organic matter, P extracting bacterial, and rock phosphate. Those materials were interacted to high P absorption soils which were: Oxisol, Inceptisol, and Andisol. The detail objectives of this research were: (1) to study the potential of P-extracting agents (organic matter, and P-extracting bacteria) in releasing P of three high P- absorption soils; (2) to quantify the -age of P coming from the treatments; (3) to calculate the efficiency of P utilization by plant; and (4) to quantify Residual P in soils. The P mobility was analyzed by radioisotope technique using KH232PO4 carrier free solution. The results showed that adding soil organic matter increased the available P by 15.24% in Oxisol, 40.18 in Inceptisol, and by 7.34% in Andisol. Plant sorption toward P from % P used efficiency(%-PUE) up to 60 days was still very low, 0.65 to 9.34%. This was in accordance with the residual P in soils which were still quite high ranging from 94% to 96% in Andisol, 91%97% in Inceptisol, and 96%-98% in Oxisol. The implication of the results of this research, however, is that the application of natural materials in improving soil P availability provides a longtimeresidual effect which could give benefit to the following crops.Keywords: Andisols; Inceptisol; Oxisols; P. diminuta; PUE; rock phosphate[How to Cite: Mudjiharjati A, TC Setiawati and MH Pandutama. 2012. Improving Phosphate Efficiency by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Organic Matter Estimated by Radio Isotop (32P) Technique in Some Soils. J Trop Soils, 17 (3) : 245-252. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.245][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.245]

Development and performance evaluation of natural thermal-insulation materials composed of renewable resources

Because energy efficiency in buildings will be evaluated not only based upon heating demand, but also according to the primary energy demand, the ecological properties of the building materials for the whole assessment has become essential. The demand for green building materials is rising sharply, especially insulating materials from renewable resources. The application of natural materials has become increasingly important as a consequence of the increasing need to conserve energy, use natural materials, incorporate architecture and construction into sustainable development processes, and the recently promulgated discussions on appropriate disposal of used insulation materials such as polystyrene (EPS). Due to the fact that natural materials are more sensitive to moisture, decomposition factors such as temperature, material moisture content, attacks by microorganisms, and possible decomposition of the material or shorter durability, it is necessary to evaluate the degradation rate of built-in materials and also determine their real in situ hygrothermal properties according to their moisture content, and volume changes. This paper describes the results of a research project carried out at the Vienna University of Technology and Brno University of Technology. The objective is to use jute, flax, and hemp to develop a new insulating material from renewable resources with comparable building physics and mechanical properties to commonly used insulations materials. All input components are varied in the tests. The impact of moisture content changes in relation to the rate of change of other properties was the focus of the investigation. The tests results show that the correct combination of natural materials is absolutely comparable with convectional materials.

Effect of Coffee Pulp Compost and Terrace on Erosion, Run off and Nutrients Loss from Coffee Plantation in Lahat

Phosphorous (P) contents in many soils are varies highly along with their ability to provide available P to plant growth. Soils may contain very high in total P, but low in available P due to high P adsorbed by soil matrix and all their adsorbing agents. This research which using natural materials was aimed to increase P availability in some high-P absorption soils. The natural materials utilized for extracting P were organic matter, P extracting bacterial, and rock phosphate. Those materials were interacted to high P absorption soils which were: Oxisol, Inceptisol, and Andisol. The detail objectives of this research were: (1) to study the potential of P-extracting agents (organic matter, and P-extracting bacteria) in releasing P of three high P- absorption soils; (2) to quantify the -age of P coming from the treatments; (3) to calculate the efficiency of P utilization by plant; and (4) to quantify Residual P in soils. The P mobility was analyzed by radioisotope technique using KH232PO4 carrier free solution. The results showed that adding soil organic matter increased the available P by 15.24% in Oxisol, 40.18 in Inceptisol, and by 7.34% in Andisol. Plant sorption toward P from % P used efficiency(%-PUE) up to 60 days was still very low, 0.65 to 9.34%. This was in accordance with the residual P in soils which were still quite high ranging from 94% to 96% in Andisol, 91%97% in Inceptisol, and 96%-98% in Oxisol. The implication of the results of this research, however, is that the application of natural materials in improving soil P availability provides a longtimeresidual effect which could give benefit to the following crops. Keywords: Andisols; Inceptisol; Oxisols; P. diminuta; PUE; rock phosphate [How to Cite: Mudjiharjati A, TC Setiawati and MH Pandutama. 2012. Improving Phosphate Efficiency by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Organic Matter Estimated by Radio Isotop (32P) Technique in Some Soils. J Trop Soils , 17 (3) : 245-252. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.245] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.245 ]

Application of natural materials in marine paint formulations

PurposeTrials to develop environmentally friendly marine paints based on natural materials as replacement for copper and tin compounds for fouling and marine corrosion control.Design/methodology/approachGreen algae, tubeworms in dead powder form and garlic were used as natural anti‐fouling components in the paints developed. Electrochemical technique was employed for testing the potential of both tubeworms and garlic in terms of inhibition of steel corrosion in seawater. Marine paint formulations containing each of the three selected natural materials were applied onto PVC and un‐primed steel surface, which were immersed in natural seawater for the assessment of their anti‐fouling and anti‐corrosion properties. The results of visual assessment and seawater analysis were also used for such an evaluation.FindingsTubeworms act as mixed type inhibitor while garlic affects the potential cathodic process of steel in seawater. Tubeworms‐based paint, with 25 per cent in the dry paint film, could protect steel surface from marine corrosion up to 7 months. The paints containing algae and garlic, and the corresponding algae/garlic free paints, resisted slime film formation. Steel and PVC coated surfaces with paint containing algae showed the best anti‐fouling potential within the prepared series.Research limitations\implicationsThe investigation only involved the application of the dead form of green algae and tubeworms as effective pigments in the developed paints. It is recommended that further research should focus on extracting and identifying the active components in each organism against fouling and marine corrosion.Practical implicationsThe paint formulations developed (containing 25 per cent by weight tubeworms in the paint film) could be used to protect un‐primed steel surface against fouling and marine corrosion for a reasonably long duration.Originality/valueThe application of one paint formulation on un‐primed steel surface for its protection from both fouling and marine corrosion is novel. The electrochemical studies of steel in natural seawater in presence of tubeworms and garlic are original.