Municipal Waste Compost Application Research Articles

Growth response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) varieties on municipal waste compost application

Growth of shallot plants could be increased through good plant cultivation such as using organic materials that can improve physical, chemical and biological properties in the soil and contain macro and micronutrients so that organic matter is needed in the form of municipal waste compost. The research objective was to study the responsiveness of the growth of onion varieties due to the application of municipal waste compost. This research was carried out in the Bandar Senembah village Binjai district Barat in February-March 2019. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 2 factors and 3 blocks. The first factor is the variety (V) and the second factor is Municipal waste compost (K). The results showed that that the best varieties are varieties Bima Brebes. Where the variety showed the highest leaf length per sample and highest number of tillers per sample while the application of municipal waste compost does not show a significant effect on parameters of leaf length per sample but for the number of tillers per sample shows a significant effect where the best results in the application of 3 kg/m2 (plot) municipal waste compost. REFERENCES Ahmed, M. E., El-Kader, N. I. A. & Derbala, A.A.E. (2009). Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Potassium Source on the Productivity, Quality, and Storability of Garlic. Australian Journal Of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 4490–4497. Alfian, D. F., Nelvia & Yetti, H. (2015). The Effect of Potassium Fertilizer and Compost Mixture of Oil Palm Empty Bunches with Boiler Ash on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 5(2), 1-6. Amiroh, A. (2017). Pengaplikasian dosis pupuk bokashi dan KNO3 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman melon (Cucumis melo L.). Jurnal Saintis, 9(1), 25 - 36. Arisha, H. M. E.,. Ibraheim, S. K. A & El-Sarkassy, N. M. (2017). The response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) yield, volatile oil, and nitrate content to foliar and soil application of potassium fertilizer under sandy soil conditions. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(1), 44-56. Aslamiah, I. D., dan Sularno. (2017). The response of growth and production of peanut plants of the addition of organic fertilizer concentration and reduction of an organic fertilizer dosage. Prosiding Seminas Nasional Fakultas Pertanian UMJ. BPS. (2018). Statistik Indonesia. Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia, Jakarta. Gunadi, N. (2009). Kalium sulfat dan kalium klorida sebagai sumber pupuk kalium pada tanaman bawang merah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 19(2),174-185. Hickey, M. (2012). Growing Garlic in NSW Second Edition. Primefact 259. Department of Primary Industries. NSW Government. Australia. Hilal, M.H., Selim, A.M. & El-Neklawy, A.S. (1992). Enhancing and retarding effect of combined sulfur and fertilizer applications on crop production in different soils. In Proceedings Middle East Sulphur Symposium 12-16 February, Cairo, Egypt. Marschner, P.( 2012). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants Third Edition. Elsevier Ltd. Oxford. Nainwal, R. C., Sigh, D., Katiyar, R. S., Sharma, I & Tewari, S. K. (2015). The response of garlic to integrated nutrient management practices in a sodic soil of Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 24(1), 33-36. Putra, A. A. G. (2013). Kajian aplikasi dosis pupuk ZA dan kalium pada tanaman bawang putih (Allium sativum L.). Jurnal Ganec Swara, 7(2), 10–18. Setiawati, W., Murtiningsih, R., Sopha, G. A & Handayani, T. (2007). Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Shafeek, M. R., Nagwa, M. H., Singer, S. M., & El-Greadly, N. H. (2013). Effect of potassium fertilizer and foliar spraying with Ethereal on plant development, yield, and bulb quality of onion plants (Allium cepa L). Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(2), 1140-1146. Sholihin, Y., Suminar, E., Rizky, W.H. & Pitaloka, G.G. (2016). Meristem explants growth of garlic (Allium sativum L.) Cv. tawangmangu on various compositions of kinetin and ga3 in vitro. Jurnal Kultivasi, 15(3), 172–179. Sulichantini, E. D. (2016). Effect of plant growth regulator Concentration Against Regeneration Garlic (Allium sativum L) In the Tissue Culture.. Jurnal Agrifor, 15(1), 29–38. Suminarti, N.E. (2010). The Effects of N and K Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Taro on Dry Land. Akta Agrosia, 13(1), 1–7. Uke, K. H. Y., Barus, H & Madauna, I. W. (2015). Effect of Tuber Sizes and Potassium Dosages on Growth and Production of Shallots var. Lembah Palu. Jurnal Agrotekbis, 3(6), 655 - 661. Utomo, P.S & Suprianto, A. (2019). Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) varietas thailand terhadap perlakuan dosis pupuk kusuma bioplus dan KNO3 putih. Jurnal Ilmiah Hijau Cendekia, 4(1), 28–34. Wu, C., Wang, M., Cheng, Z & Meng, H. (2016). The response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) bolting and bulbing to temperature and photoperiod treatments. Biol Open, 5(4), 507-518.

The Application of Municipal Waste Compost to Improve the Physical Properties of Soil and Palm Oil Production in Silinda District, Serdang Bedagai

This research had been done in Agricultural faculty of north Sumatera university, medan on april until oktober 2009. The aim of this research are studied The Application of Municipal Waste Compost to Improve the Physical Properties of Soil and Palm Oil Production in Silinda District, Serdang Bedagai. This research was designed by 2 factors and 4 replications. The first factor are uses a separate plot design (RPT) with 2 factors and 4 replications as follows: Main plot consists of 2 levels of treatment, namely:T1: 5 years of planting, T2: 20 years of planting. Child Plots consist of 3 levels of treatment, namely: K1: Without Conservation Measures + Without Giving Compost, K2: Concave Plate + Compost, K3:, Individual Rorak + Compost, and numbers of reports: 4 replications (each planting). This result showed that the application of Municipal Waste Compost not significant to the Physical Properties such as,bulkdensity,porosity, permeability.

Impacts of different organic amendments on soil degradation and phytotoxicity of metribuzin

PurposePersistence of herbicides in soil is a major concerning world issue due to their negative impacts on environment and human health. Laboratory and bioassay experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of municipal waste compost (MC) and sheep manure (SM) on metribuzin degradation and phytotoxicity of this herbicide.MethodsIn degradation studies, soil samples were mixed separately with amendments at a rate of 2.5% (w/w) and metribuzin at a concentration of 5 mg kg−1 soil was used for fortification of selected samples. A liquid extraction method was chosen and final extracts were analyzed by HPLC. In bioassay study, the phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of metribuzin (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 mg kg−1 soil) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were evaluated.ResultsThe results indicated 88.8% degradation of metribuzin in MC during 120-day period followed by SM recording 72.2%, compared to non-amended soil where 59.8% of metribuzin were removed. The half-life was 119.48 days in non-amended soil as compared to 87.72 and 103.43 days in MC and SM application, respectively. MC was the most efficient treatment to accelerate metribuzin dissipation from the soil. Bioassay results showed that metribuzin residues had a negative effect on root and shoot biomass of oilseed rape. However, the root parameter was more sensitive than the shoot.ConclusionsIt could be concluded that application of organic amendments to agricultural soils is an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil conditions and non-target crop protection as well as the removal of herbicide residues from soil environment.

Effects of municipal waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on growth and mineral composition of tomato

Since simultaneous use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the basis of their chemical compositions can lead to better plant growth and soil fertility, the roles of municipal waste compost (MWC) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on growth and mineral composition of tomato and some soil properties were evaluated under greenhouse condition. Treatments involved four MWC rates (0, 1, 2, and 4% on the basis of soil dry weight) and four N levels (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1 soil). Red cloud variety of tomato was sown in treated soils and 9 weeks later dried plant shoots and soil sub-samples were subjected to analysis. Combined use of MWC and N led to better growth of tomato than sole application of either MWC or N fertilizer. Plant concentration and/or uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese were increased by both MWC and N. The beneficial effect of MWC on nutrients uptake was more pronounced with N addition. Plant and soil concentrations of cadmium and lead were under the detection limit of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Soluble salts, organic matter, sodium, chloride and DTPA-extractable zinc, copper, iron, and manganese in the soil were effectively increased with addition of MWC. Due to high soil pH and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) values of the calcareous soil, MWC heavy metals had no hazardous effect on tomato and even played a nutritional role. The most important problem raised from MWC application was the accumulation of soluble salts in the soil which must be monitored when making repeated application of MWC over an extended period of time.

URBAN WASTE COMPOST, MANURE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.)

Field experiment was conducted in 2008 at the Research Field of Agricultural College of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran to investigate the effects of urban waste compost (UWC), manure and chemical fertilizer on the initial growth of corn (Zea mays). Experimental design was split plot factorial with three replications. Main plots were assigned to nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 200 kg N ha-1), and sub plots were factorial application of municipal waste compost (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1) and manure (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1) with all possible combinations. Results showed that increase in urban waste compost and manure increased corn dry matter, height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, SPAD meter readings and leaf N. There was a close relationship between SPAD meter readings and leaf N (R2=0.84). Correlation and path analyses showed that leaf area and SPAD readings are major components which affect corn dry matter at initial growth stage. Results of the present study revealed that organic fertilizer can improve initial growth of corn similar to chemical fertilizer. It can be concluded that manure and compost can be effective nutrient sources for corn production and can be considered as potential alternatives to chemical N fertilizer.

Organic matter dynamics in a compost‐amended anthropogenic landfill capping‐soil

The application of municipal waste compost and other organic materials may serve to improve fertility and organic carbon (C) stocks of soils used in land reclamation activities, particularly in the recovery of degraded areas at exhausted quarries, mines and landfill sites amongst others. We investigated long‐term organic matter dynamics in such anthropogenic soils by collecting samples at different depths over a 10‐year chronosequence subsequent to compost application to the top layer of a landfill capping‐soil. Variations in the stable isotope composition (13C and 15N) of the soil samples showed that, even after 10 years, amended topsoils were enriched in compost‐derived organic matter. The addition of compost to the superficial layer also resulted in an input of soluble organic compounds that was subject to leaching along the soil profile. Sorption isotherms for compost‐derived water‐extractable organic matter onto mineral materials used for landfill covering suggest that sorptive preservation was primarily responsible for the increase in C content and the shift in the C isotopic signature to values similar to that of the applied compost, in the deeper soil horizons over the 10‐year period. This was also confirmed by the accumulation of lignin‐derived phenolic compounds in the deeper horizons. Nevertheless, analysis for non‐cellulosic carbohydrates in soil samples and their respective water‐extractable fractions suggest that a proportion of the compost‐derived, labile organic matter fraction is leached through the profile and potentially lost from the soil system.

Long-term distribution, mobility and plant availability of compost-derived heavy metals in a landfill covering soil

The application of municipal waste compost (MWC) and other organic materials may serve to enhance soil fertility of earthen materials and mine spoils used in land reclamation activities, particularly in the recovery of degraded areas left by exhausted quarries, mines and landfill sites among others. The long-term distribution, mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in such anthropogenic soils were studied by collecting soil samples at different depths over a 10 y chronosequence subsequent to amendment of the top layer of a landfill covering soil with a single dose of mechanically-separated MWC. Amendment resulted in a significant enhancement of the metal loadings in the amended topsoils particularly for Cu, Zn and Pb, which were also the predominant metals in the compost utilised. Although metals were predominantly retained in the compost amended soil horizon, with time their vertical distribution resulted in a moderate enrichment of the underlying mineral horizons, not directly influenced by compost amendment. This enrichment generally resulted from the leaching of soluble organo-metal complexes and subsequent adsorption to mineral horizons. However, in the course of the 10-y experimental period, metal concentrations in the underlying horizons generally returned to background concentrations suggesting a potential loss of metals from the soil system. Analysis of the tissues of plants growing spontaneously on the landfill site suggests that metal phytoavailability was limited and generally species-dependent.

Soil Surface Structure Stabilization by Municipal Waste Compost Application

Loess‐derived soils of the northern Paris basin are prone to surface structure degradation leading to erosion, flooding, and pollution. Concomitantly, recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been recognized as an important environmental issue. The aim of this study was to test the impact of compost application on soil surface structure degradation and on the resulting runoff and erosion processes. Aggregates (0–30 mm) from a silty loam Typic Hapludalf were mixed with a MSW compost at a rate of 15 g kg−1 (dry matter). Repacked seedbeds were exposed to a 19 mm h−1 simulated rainfall for 60 min. Morphological evolution of the soil surface was monitored using sequential photographs. Crust and seedbed microstructures were studied after 4, 15, and 60 min of rainfall, using thin sections from resin‐impregnated replicates. Runoff was measured every five minutes, and aliquots were sampled for sediment concentration. In control seedbeds, surface crusts quickly developed and the whole seedbed slumped because of aggregate coalescence through deformation in a viscous state. Compost application delayed crust formation and prevented seedbed slumping. This, in turn, delayed runoff from 2.5 to 9.2 mm of cumulative rainfall. Sediment concentration in the incipient runoff was decreased from 36.4 to 11 g L−1 This could be ascribed to the stabilization of the aggregate framework, which allowed the particles detached from the top of surface aggregates to illuviate a few millimeters deeper. In a highly unstable soil, MSW compost application was efficient in combating soil surface structure degradation and its consequences on runoff and erosion.

Can We Expect a Consistent Efficiency of Municipal Waste Compost Application?

▪ Municipal solid waste compost has been widely utilized in Israel in the production of field crops and reclamation of saline soils. This paper reviews laboratory and field studies defining the conditions under which an added compost improves the physical properties of soils and increases yields of crops. Specific attention is given to how applications of MSW compost to compacted, structurally deficient soils can lead to consistent improvement. Data are also provided on optimum C/N ratios of composts and optimum application rates under conditions studies in the research.