Application Of Metabonomics Research Articles

Application of Metabonomics in Substance Abuse Toxicology Research.

Abstrct: Metabonomics is a relative discipline that develops after genomics and proteomics, and it is an important component of systems biology. It uses high-throughput and high-sensitivity instruments to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolic components in specific biological samples under limited conditions and combines with multivariate statistics to analyze and process the data to obtain information about physiological, pathological or toxicological changes in organisms. In recent years, because of the complicated mechanism of substance abuse and the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, metabonomics is increasingly used in substance abuse research. Therefore, this article reviews the application of metabonomics of substance abuse in the toxic mechanism, the mechanism of addiction and the discovery of biomarkers.

Metabonomics and its application in Chinese medicine processing

Chinese medicine processing is a procedure to process medicinal materials under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories by using unique methods in China. The medicinal materials can only be used clinically after proper processing. With the development of the modernization of TCM, it is difficult to solve the problems in the inheritance, development, and internationalization of Chinese medicine processing. Metabonomics, a new omics technology developed at the end of the last century, is used to infer the physiological or pathological conditions of the organism with the methods such as NMR and LC-MS via investigating the changes in endogenous small molecule metabolic network after the organism is stimulated by external environment. Metabonomics coincides with the holistic view of TCM because it displays the characteristics of integrity, comprehensiveness, and dynamics, and it has been widely applied in the field of Chinese medicine processing in recent years. This study summarized the application of metabonomics in the processing mechanism and quality control of Chinese medicine processing and prospected the development of this technology in the field of Chinese medicine processing.

Application of metabonomics in study of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome:a review

Syndrome is a nonlinear "internal-excess external-deficiency", "dynamic spatial-temporal" and "multi-dimensional" complex system and thus only by using a versatile method can the connotation be expounded. Metabonomics, which is dynamic, holistic, and systematic, is consistent with the overall mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(holistic view and syndrome differentiation and treatment). Therefore, metabonomics is very important for the research on the differentiation, material basis, and metabolic pathways of syndromes, and efficacy on syndromes. This study reviewed the application of metabonomics in the study of TCM syndromes in recent years, which is expected to objectify the research on TCM syndromes.

Influence of atorvastatin on metabolic pattern of rats with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Metabonomics has been widely used to analyze the initiation, progress, and development of diseases. However, application of metabonomics to explore the mechanism of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are poorly reported. This study aimed to investigate the influence of atorvastatin (Ato) on metabolic pattern of rats with pulmonary hypertension.Methods: PAH animal model was established using monocrotaline (MCT). The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. The microstructure of pulmonary arterioles was observed by HE staining. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to detect and analyze the serum metabolites. The levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), hexokinase 2 (HK-2), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) in the lung tissues were measured.Results: Ato significantly improved lung function by decreasing mPAP, RVHI, wall thickness, and wall area. Differences in metabolic patterns were observed among normal, PAH, and Ato group. The levels of GSK-3β and SREBP-1c were decreased, but HK-2 and CPT-1 were increased in the group PAH. Ato treatment markedly reversed the influence of MCT.Conclusion: Ato significantly improved the pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension of PAH rats due to its inhibition on Warburg effect and fatty acid β oxidation.

Progress in the Application of metabonomics in the intervention of traditional Chinese Medicine on Hypertension

The incidence of hypertension is high in China, and the mortality and disability rate of its complications are high. Metabonomics can accurately reflect the real-time metabolism of organisms. The syndrome type of traditional Chinese medicine is a pathological summary of the development stage of the disease. The integrity, systematicness and dynamics of metabonomics are highly consistent with the holistic view and syndrome differentiation view of TCM theory. In recent years, the use of metabonomics technology in the research of TCM syndrome has achieved certain results, and the angle and depth of the research are constantly expanding. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the metabolites of hypertension by metabonomics. With a view to more accurate clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.

Advances in the research of application of metabonomics in the treatment of severe burn or trauma

Metabolic disorder is one of the most obvious pathophysiological characteristics of patients with severe burn or trauma, which leads to high mortality of patients with severe burn or trauma. Metabonomics is a newly developed subject which provides new research concepts and ideas for studying the changes of metabolism in a disease condition. Based on the analysis of group indicators, metabonomic technique not only can systematically study the change rules of metabolites, which helps to further clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of burn or trauma, but also is helpful to find some significant biomarkers with important clinical value so as to provide new insight for the therapy of burn or trauma. This paper reviews the research progress of application of metabonomics in the treatment of severe burn or trauma in recent years.

Characterization of the urinary metabolic profile of cholangiocarcinoma in a United Kingdom population.

Background: Outside South-East Asia, most cases of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have an obscure etiology. There is often diagnostic uncertainty. Metabolomics using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) offers the portent to distinguish disease-specific metabolic signatures. We aimed to define such a urinary metabolic signature in a patient cohort with sporadic CCA and investigate whether there were characteristic differences from those in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metastatic secondary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer (OCA).Methods: Spot urine specimens were obtained from 211 subjects in seven participating centers across the UK. Samples were collected from healthy controls and from patients with benign hepatic disease (gallstone, biliary strictures, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and viral hepatitis) and patients with malignant conditions (HCC, pancreatic cancer, OCA and metastatic cancer in the liver). The spectral metabolite profiles were generated using a UPLC-MS detector and data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate statistical analyses.Results: The greatest class differences were seen between the metabolic profiles of disease-free controls compared to individuals with CCA with altered acylcarnitine, bile acid and purine levels. Individuals with benign strictures showed comparable urine profiles to patients with malignant bile duct lesions. The metabolic signatures of patients with bile duct tumors were distinguishable from patients with hepatocellular and ovarian tumors, but no difference was observed between CCA cases and patients with pancreatic cancer or hepatic secondary metastases.Conclusion: CCA causes subtle but detectable changes in the urine metabolic profiles. The findings point toward potential applications of metabonomics in early tumor detection. However, it is key to utilize both global and targeted metabonomics in a larger cohort for in-depth characterization of the urine metabolome in hepato-pancreato-biliary disease.

Applications of metabonomics in animal genetics and breeding

Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to comprehensively identify, quantify, and characterize a large number of small molecule metabolites in biological samples (e.g., milk, plasma, and serum). It is routinely used in biomedical, nutritional, crop and farm animal research. Metabolomic analyses in farm animals have been initiated in many non-genetic application fields. Recently, it is being increasingly used in animal breeding with the emergence of physiological genomics/genetics and refined phenotypic description. In this review, we describe the features of metabolomics platforms and approaches, and summarize the metabolomics applications in animal genetics and genomics with a focus on some key areas, such as the heritability estimates of metabolomic profiles, identification differences metabolites between lines or breeds, genome-wide association studies with metabotypes, biomarker discovery for economic traits. Moreover, we also discuss the potential applications based on current livestock metabolomics studies. The intent of this review is to provide a critical overview of the trends in the applications of metabolomics in animal breeding, aiming to provide a reference for further studies on the genetic background of the important traits of farm animals combined metabolomics with genomics.

Application of metabolomics and related technologies in research and development field of traditional Chinese medicine

Internal environment of metabolism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a dynamic process, which is in line with the "holistic-dynamic-comprehensive-analytic" characteristics of metabonomics, therefore metabonomics have a unique advantage to reveal the metabolic pattern of TCM. The application of metabonomics in TCM has great practical significance in understanding the pharmacodynamic/toxic effect material basis, mechanisms and guiding for determination of dosage and treatment course; At the same time, the scientific compatibility of TCM prescription, the germplasm resources of TCM and the preclinical safety/toxicity can be widely researched. At present, metabolomics has become a leading technology in many industries and fields including the research and development of TCM. The core of metabolomics is analytical technology, because comprehensive metabolite profiles or accurate identification of known metabolites can be obtained from complex biological samples only by appropriate analytical techniques. At the same time, a series of bioinformatics/chemical informatics/stoichiometry methods are needed to process the data, so as to obtain the potential law and information in the mass data. In this paper, the concept of metabolomics, relevant analytical techniques, data processing methods and applications were explained and analyzed clearly. In addition, the core problems and countermeasures of metabolomics were summarized, and the future development of metabolomics was prospected as well.

Metabonomics: a developing platform for better understanding Chinese herbal teas as a complementary therapy

SummaryChinese herbal teas (CHTs) have gained increasing attention throughout the world as a complementary therapy. Due to the multicomponent composition in herbal teas, the molecular mechanisms of their causality in health effects are still elusive and becoming the main obstacles for their application. There is a pressing need for a more systematic study about their molecular mechanisms to substantiate the health effects of CHTs. With the particular feature of measuring the real metabolic phenotype resulted from molecular interplay between host and environmental factors, metabonomics is especially suited to inspect metabolic responses to CHT intake and provide insights into health effects. Application of metabonomics to uncover the effects of CHTs on human health is foreseen as providing deeper insights of the complicated molecular mechanisms of CHTs by explaining relatively subtle and different effects of herbal tea intervention, classifying the metabolic responses to herbal tea, depicting synergistic effects of CHTs and evaluating the safety of CHTs intake.

Experimental study of metabonomics in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in mice

To investigate the application of metabonomics in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Eighty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups, control group (30 mice) and allergic rhinitis (AR) group (50 mice). After modeling, removal behavior score more than 6 and retain 30 mice behavior score equal to 6.Collect the mice peripheral blood and preparate blood serum, using UPLC-MS chromatographic separation and detection. The data were pretreated by SPSS and Excel, after chromatographic peak matching by MZmine. Firstly , delete interference data in accordance with the 80% rule .Then, the investigate data were analyzed by PLS-DA and PCA-X. Three-dimensional view of the control group (30 mice) and AR group (30 mice) blood serum data was drawn using PCA-X and PLS-DA method. The two groups of samples could be completely separated through views, which showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of data. There were some differences in the blood metabolites between the control group and AR group . The study showed that it was scientific and feasible to diagnose AR using the metabonomics.

Metabolic analysis and mechanism of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates in gastrointestinal cancer

Metabolomics has recently been applied in a variety of biomedical research fields. However, there have been no articles on the application of metabonomics in gastrointestinal cancer and the relevant detailed mechanisms. In this article, the application of metabolomics in early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer is reviewed, and the metabolic role and metabolic mechanism of lipids, amino acids and carbohydrates, as well as the future challenge of metabolomics in the clinical application are summarized.

Applications of Metabonomics in Pesticide Toxicology.

Metabonomic studies quantitatively measure the small molecule metabolites and their intermediates in the biological samples (serum, urine or tissue extracts) and have gained wide applications in many fields, especially in toxicology. Pesticides are extensively used around the world and pesticide toxicity has become a serious threat to human health. Metabonomic approach has been applied in many aspects of pesticide toxicology research such as eco-environmental toxicity studies, biomarker identification, and mechanism of toxicity studies. Both whole organism animal models and cell culture models are used for metabonomic studies on pesticide toxicology. In the literature, metabonomic analyses on the toxicity of over thirty common pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, have been carried out using magnetic resonance spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. The combined toxicity of pesticides or pesticide with heavy metals was also investigated with metabonomic approach. In this article, recent progresses made in applying metabonomic approach in pesticide toxicology are thoroughly reviewed and the challenges with application of this approach are also discussed.

Investigation of Host-Gut Microbiota Modulation of Therapeutic Outcome.

A broader understanding of factors underlying interindividual variation in pharmacotherapy is important for our pursuit of "personalized medicine." Based on knowledge gleaned from the investigation of human genetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters, clinicians and pharmacists are able to tailor pharmacotherapies according to the genotype of patients. However, human host factors only form part of the equation that accounts for heterogeneity in therapeutic outcome. Notably, the gut microbiota possesses wide-ranging metabolic activities that expand the metabolic functions of the human host beyond that encoded by the human genome. In this review, we first illustrate the mechanisms in which gut microbes modulate pharmacokinetics and therapeutic outcome. Second, we discuss the application of metabonomics in deciphering the complex host-gut microbiota interaction in pharmacotherapy. Third, we highlight an integrative approach with particular mention of the investigation of gut microbiota using culture-based and culture-independent techniques to complement the investigation of the host-gut microbiota axes in pharmaceutical research.

Application of metabonomics in research of inflammatory bowel disease

Application of metabonomics in research of inflammatory bowel disease

Research methods of metabonomics and its applications in acupuncture

Metabonomics is a new ‘omic’ that has emerged in the postgenomic era. Recently, metabonomics technology is increasingly and widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research; however, metabonomics research investigating the function and mechanisms of acupuncture is still at an exploratory stage. The present article describes the unique advantages of metabonomics in systems biology, analyzes the application of metabonomics, and presents a preliminary exploration of the application of metabonomics in modern acupuncture research including sham acupuncture, time acupuncture, mechanistic research investigating the effects of acupuncture on serious illness and the compatibility of prescriptions with acupuncture in clinical research.

Metabonomics and systems biology.

Systems biology represents an integrative research strategy that studies the interactions between DNA, mRNA, protein, and metabolite level in an organism, thereby including the interactions with the physical environment and other organisms. The application of metabonomics, or the quantitative study of metabolites in biological systems, in systems biology is currently an emerging area of research, which can contribute to the discovery of (disease) signatures, drug targeting and design, and the further elucidation of basic and more complex biochemical principles. This chapter covers the contribution of metabonomics in advancing our understanding in systems biology.

Perspective and application of metabonomics in modern study of traditional Chinese medicine

Metabonomics is a new method to study on the metabolic network and the relationship between body and environment, which conforms to the way of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In the study process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively conjunction with metabonomics method will facilitate the integration of TCM with modern biological science and technology, and promote the modernization of TCM. This paper introduce the application of metabonomics in the research of toxicity mechanism of TCM, compatibility mechanism of TCM formula, pharmacology effect of TCM and processing mechanism of TCM. This paper summarize the problems in the TCM metabonomics research and prospect its bright future.

Metabonomic analysis of serum of workers occupationally exposed to arsenic, cadmium and lead for biomarker research: A preliminary study

Environmental metabonomics is the application of metabonomics to characterize the interactions of organisms with their environment. Metabolic profiling is an exciting addition to the armory of the epidemiologist for the discovery of new disease risk biomarkers and diagnostics. This work is a continuation of research searching for preclinical serum markers in a group of 389 healthy smelter workers exposed to lead, cadmium and arsenic. Changes in the metabolic profiles were studied using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on pooled serum samples from both the metal exposed and control groups. These multivariate metabonomic datasets were analyzed with Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Analysis of metabolic profiles of people exposed to heavy metals suggests energy metabolism disturbance induced by heavy metals. Changes in lipid fraction (very-low-density lipoprotein — VLDL, low-density lipoprotein — LDL), unsaturated lipids and in the level of amino acids suggest perturbation of the metabolism of lipids and amino acids. This study illustrated the high reliability of NMR-based metabonomic profiling on the study of the biochemical effects induced by the mixture of heavy metals. This approach is capable of identifying intermediate biomarkers of response to toxicants at environmental/occupational concentrations, paving the way to its use in a monitoring of smelter workers exposed to low doses of lead, cadmium and arsenic.

A Unifying Ontology to Integrate Histological and Clinical Observations for Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may present any morphologic characteristic of acute or chronic liver disease with no standardized terminology in place. Defining lexemes of DILI histopathology would allow the development of advanced knowledge discovery and data mining tools for across comparisons of publicly available information. For these purposes, a DILI ontology (DILIo) was developed by using the Unified Medical Language System tool and the standardized terminology of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). The DILIo was entrained on findings of 114 US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs by extracting all clinically DILI-related histopathologic descriptions for 1082 liver biopsy samples, which were then analyzed using the Unified Medical Language System MetaMap and subsequently mapped to the SNOMED CT. The DILIo provides a standard means to describe and organize liver injury induced by drugs, enabling comparative analysis of drugs within and across histopathologic terms. The analysis showed that flutamide, troglitazone, diclofenac, isoniazid, and tamoxifen were reported to have the most diverse histopathologic observations in liver biopsy. Necrosis, cholestasis, fatty degeneration, fibrosis, infiltrate, and hepatic necrosis were the most frequent terms used as descriptors of histopathologic features of DILI. In conclusion, DILIo entrains different algorithms for an efficient meta-analysis of published findings for an improved understanding of mechanisms and clinical characteristics of DILI.