Application Of Lidar System Research Articles

Application of LiDAR System on Firefighting and Rescue

Abstract— This paper first introduces about LiDAR/ToF (light detection and ranging based on time of flight) sensor system. Then, the chance of applying LiDAR system on firefighting and rescue is also discussed. In addition, via several experiments of using LiDAR system on various levels of low visibility environment condition (such as strong back-ground light, snow, smoke, foggy, dust cloud), we will conclude the configurations and parameters of LiDAR for suitable choices and decisions when considering applying of LiDAR on firefighting and rescue. Keywords-- Firefighting and Rescue; LiDAR; ToF; Low Visibility Environments; SLAM

Application of Modern Technology of LIDAR in Checking Verticality of Piles

LIDAR imaging systems are one of the hottest topics in the optronics industry. However, the diversity of state-of-the-art approaches to the solution brings a large uncertainty on the decision of the dominant final solution. LIDAR has various applications in today’s industrial world as security cameras, event lighting, in autonomous vehicles, etc. which enables a picturesque images of projected area along with distance. It’s widely used in thick forest surveys which produces better results as compare to photogrammetry. It has been used for surveying a large area but not into the construction repairs and maintenance industry. This paper represents the application of LIDAR system in the distress management and repairs and rehabilitation of an off shore structure which got disrupted in tauktae in 2021 and by using the technology an attempt to check the verticality of piles of jetty is made. LIDAR data have been proven beneficial in the last few years, since it provides information like the height and properties of objects, statistics for wide areas, and it all becomes available by recording the intensity of backscattered pulse in addition to the 3D coordinates. Using the different types of LIDAR help us to discover places we could not see before, like top of mountains, sea floors and other places in our wide world, depending on airborne system or bathymetric system. In this paper, an overview of LIDAR components and basic principle to measure eccentricity in piles are provided and the methodology is explained. Also, a list of the effective parameters which cause errors while collecting data is provided, and how to minimize the error of estimated values by processing many correction steps. Finally, for extraction of eccentricity occurred in piles of jetty structure in the region of Maharashtra and Gujrat in Arabian sea, the obtained data is overlapped with original data and eccentricity is calculated.

Application of Modern Technology of LIDAR in Checking Verticality of Piles

LIDAR imaging systems are one of the hottest topics in the optronics industry. However, the diversity of state-of-the-art approaches to the solution brings a large uncertainty on the decision of the dominant final solution. LIDAR has various applications in today’s industrial world as security cameras, event lighting, in autonomous vehicles, etc. which enables a picturesque images of projected area along with distance. It’s widely used in thick forest surveys which produces better results as compare to photogrammetry. It has been used for surveying a large area but not into the construction repairs and maintenance industry. This paper represents the application of LIDAR system in the distress management and repairs and rehabilitation of an off shore structure which got disrupted in tauktae in 2021 and by using the technology an attempt to check the verticality of piles of jetty is made. LIDAR data have been proven beneficial in the last few years, since it provides information like the height and properties of objects, statistics for wide areas, and it all becomes available by recording the intensity of backscattered pulse in addition to the 3D coordinates. Using the different types of LIDAR help us to discover places we could not see before, like top of mountains, sea floors and other places in our wide world, depending on airborne system or bathymetric system. In this paper, an overview of LIDAR components and basic principle to measure eccentricity in piles are provided and the methodology is explained. Also, a list of the effective parameters which cause errors while collecting data is provided, and how to minimize the error of estimated values by processing many correction steps. Finally, for extraction of eccentricity occurred in piles of jetty structure in the region of Maharashtra and Gujrat in Arabian sea, the obtained data is overlapped with original data and eccentricity is calculated.

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Symmetric Current-Conveyor Transimpedance Amplifier

This paper presents a novel symmetric current-conveyor transimpedance amplifier (SCC-TIA) implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology for the applications of LiDAR systems, where a modifiedcascode configuration is newly proposed for input current buffer to deliver the photo-currents to the following voltage-mode inverter TIA without signal loss. Measured results of the proposed SCC-TIA demonstrate 69-dBΩ transimpedance gain, 410-MHz bandwidth, 13-pA/sqrt (Hz) average noise current spectral density, and 20-mW power dissipation from a single 1.2-V supply. Chip core occupies the area of 280×130 μm².

Optical beam-shaping design based on aspherical lenses for circularization, collimation, and expansion of elliptical laser beams

We present two optical system designs using aspherical lenses for beam circularization, collimation, and expansion of semiconductor lasers for possible application in lidar systems. Two different optical lens systems are investigated; namely, two aspherical lens and single aspherical lens systems. Software package programs of ZEMAX and MATLAB to simulate the optical designs are used. The beam reshaping results are presented for one specific laser beam output.

Off-axis mirror based optical system design for circularization, collimation, and expansion of elliptical laser beams

In this paper, we present two optical system design methods for beam circularization, collimation, and expansion of semiconductor laser output beam for possible application in LIDAR systems. Two different optical mirror systems are investigated: an off-axis hyperbolic/parabolic mirror system and an off-axis parabolic mirror system. Equations specific to these mirror systems are derived and computer package programs such as ZEMAX and MATLAB are used to simulate the optical designs. The beam reshaping results are presented.

Lidar Research Network Water Vapor and Wind

This paper reports on a workshop which took place on April 08/09, 2002 at the University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. During this workshop, laser and lidar experts as well as experts in atmospheric sciences came together. The goals of this workshop were to establish an interdisciplinary network on lidar research, to develop operational reference systems for water vapor and wind lidar measurements and to demonstrate the significant impact of water vapor and wind lidar systems on climate and weather research. The main result was the setup of an interdisciplinary expert network Lidar research water vapor and wind. This network is responding to large gaps in our knowledge of the global water vapor and wind distribution and shall improve weather and climate research. The network has mainly the following objectives: 1) The development of high-performance, high-power laser transmitters for wind and water vapor measurements based on novel pump laser designs, 2) research on efficient frequency conversion techniques of the high-power pump light into wavelengths required for water vapor and wind lidar systems, 3) the development of an operational reference water vapor differential absorption lidar system, also as a demonstrator for space borne missions like the Water Vapor Lidar Experiment in Space (WALES), 4) the performance of observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) in order to demonstrate the impact of lidar data on nowcasting and short-range weather forecast, 5) the extension of the application of current and future lidar data in combination with other instruments for process studies, 6) the design of future field studies including a new generation of remote sensing systems. The network shall investigate key questions in atmospheric sciences, particularly, the role of water vapor in the Earth's weather and climate system by the application of lidar systems with unprecedented accuracy, resolution and range.

Temporal characteristics of narrow-band optical filters and their application in lidar systems

The temporal characteristics of two different narrow-band optical filters at 532 nm are reported. Both filters operate on the 4P(1/2) - 8S(1/2) atomic transition of potassium vapor, where the 4P(1/2) state is excited by a 770-nm, 10-ns laser pulse. The filters operate on the principle of circular birefringence induced by either the Faraday effect or two-photon transition, which is confirmed by experiments. The characteristic decay times of the filters are 5 and 0.015 mus, which is significant for the design of optical gating and signal processing with matched filters for ocean lidar.

Target-plane intensity approximation for apertured Gaussian beams applied to heterodyne backscatter lidar systems

With an application in lidar systems in mind, we investigate the effects of transmit-aperture truncation of Gaussian beams by employing the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. We derive an approximation to the top-hat aperture-transmission function by defining an abstract Gaussian aperture-transmission function. The two fitting parameters of the latter are found when the beam radius and the on-axis intensity for both aperture cases are equated in the observation plane. Bounds for the applicability of the approximation are established, and its accuracy and usefulness is demonstrated through application to the calculation of the return signal of a heterodyne lidar system.