Application Of High-throughput Methods Research Articles

Application of Materials Genome Methods in Thermoelectrics

Materials genome methods have played an essential role in accelerating the discovery of high-performance novel materials, and include high-throughput calculation, database construction, and machine learning. Over the past decades, these approaches have been increasingly used in lithium battery materials, solar cells, transparent conductors, and thermoelectrics. Thermoelectrics are functional materials that can directly convert electricity into heat and vice versa, offering new ideas for conventional power generation and refrigeration. The application of high-throughput methods can achieve more efficient screening of new thermoelectric materials and accelerate experimental development. This review summarizes the recent progress in the application of materials genome methods for different thermoelectric materials, such as half-Heuslers, diamond-like structures, oxides, and other materials. Finally, current advances in machine learning for thermoelectrics are discussed. The progress of the theoretical design of thermoelectrics has driven the development of high-performance thermoelectrics.

Quantitative Determination and Environmental Risk Assessment of 102 Chemicals of Emerging Concern in Wastewater-Impacted Rivers Using Rapid Direct-Injection Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The rapid source identification and environmental risk assessment (ERA) of hundreds of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in river water represent a significant analytical challenge. Herein, a potential solution involving a rapid direct-injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of 102 CECs (151 qualitatively) in river water is presented and applied across six rivers in Germany and Switzerland at high spatial resolution. The method required an injection volume of only 10 µL of filtered sample, with a runtime of 5.5 min including re-equilibration with >10 datapoints per peak per transition (mostly 2 per compound), and 36 stable isotope-labelled standards. Performance was excellent from the low ng/L to µg/L concentration level, with 260 injections possible in any 24 h period. The method was applied in three separate campaigns focusing on the ERA of rivers impacted by wastewater effluent discharges (1 urban area in the Basel city region with 4 rivers, as well as 1 semi-rural and 1 rural area, each focusing on 1 river). Between 25 and 40 compounds were quantified directly in each campaign, and in all cases small tributary rivers showed higher CEC concentrations (e.g., up to ~4000 ng/L in total in the R. Schwarzach, Bavaria, Germany). The source of selected CECs could also be identified and differentiated from other sources at pre- and post- wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge points, as well as the effect of dilution downstream, which occurred over very short distances in all cases. Lastly, ERA for 41 CECs was performed at specific impacted sites, with risk quotients (RQs) at 1 or more sites estimated as high risk (RQ > 10) for 1 pharmaceutical (diclofenac), medium risk (RQ of 1–10) for 3 CECs (carbamazepine, venlafaxine, and sulfamethoxazole), and low risk (RQ = 0.1–1.0) for 7 CECs (i.e., RQ > 0.1 for 11 CECs in total). The application of high-throughput methods like this could enable a better understanding of the risks of CECs, especially in low flow/volume tributary rivers at scale and with high resolution.

Identification of Insertion Site by RESDA-PCR in Chlamydomonas Mutants Generated by AphVIII Random Insertional Mutagenesis.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is frequently used as a model organism to study fundamental processes in photosynthesis, metabolism, and flagellar biology. Versatile tool boxes have been developed for this alga ( Fuhrmann et al., 1999 ; Schroda et al., 2000 ; Schroda, 2006). Among them, forward genetic approach has been intensively used, mostly because of the high efficiency in the generation of hundreds of thousands of mutants by random insertional mutagenesis and the haploid nature therefore phenotypic analysis can be done in the first generation ( Cagnon et al., 2013 ; Tunçay et al., 2013 ). A major bottleneck in the application of high throughput methods in a forward genetic approach is the identification of the genetic lesion(s) responsible for the observed phenotype. In this protocol, we describe in detail an improved version of the restriction enzyme site-directed amplification PCR (RESDA-PCR) originally reported in (González- Ballester et al., 2005 ). The improvement includes optimization of primer combination, the choice of DNA polymerase, optimization of PCR cycle parameters, and application of direct sequencing of the PCR products. These modifications make it easier to get specific PCR products as well as speeding up subcloning steps to obtain sequencing data faster.

High‐Throughput Investigation in the Synthesis of the Alluaudite‐Type Manganese Arsenate: AgMn3(AsO4)(HAsO4)2.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

High-throughput investigation in the synthesis of the alluaudite-type manganese arsenate: AgMn 3(AsO 4)(HAsO 4) 2

The application of high-throughput methods under hydrothermal conditions in the investigation of the system AgNO 3/Mn(NO 3) 2/H 3AsO 4 has led to the new manganese arsenate AgMn 3(AsO 4)(HAsO 4) 2 which is structurally related to the mineral alluaudite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/ c with a=12.397(2), b=12.707(2), c=6.8904(6) Å, β=113.57(1)°, V=994.8(2) Å 3, Z=4, R 1=0.021, wR 2=0.046.

Functional genomics of plant-pathogen interactions.

Functional genomics of plant-pathogen interactions.

Application of High Throughput Methods to the Development of Materials For Non-Magnetic Storage

ABSTRACTHigh throughput, thin film synthesis methods have been used to make libraries of diverse metallic and metal-chalcogenide compositions. These libraries have been subject to a variety of screening protocols, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) after repeated annealing steps, and the measurement of temperature dependent electrical properties. The application of these methods for the development of materials for non-magnetic storage media is presented.

Rapid Optimization of the Hydrolysis of N‘-Trifluoroacetyl-S-tert-leucine-N-methylamide Using High-Throughput Chemical Development Techniques

Our efforts are focused on the application of automation to Process R&D. This article will describe the application of high throughput methods to rapidly investigate a development challenge. In this case we needed to study the deprotection of N‘-trifluoroacetyl-S-tert-leucine-N-methylamide which afforded a lower than expected yield when subjected to standard deprotection reaction conditions. This chemistry was systematically investigated by a sequential series of high-throughput experiments using various automated and semi-automated systems. The studies included a combinatorial screen of discrete reaction conditions, a screening DOE to study a broad range of continuous factors, and a two-factor central composite design to optimize the important factors. By applying high-throughput methods we were able to optimize the yield of the reaction by performing a large number of experiments in a short period of time.