High-performance Supercapacitor Applications Research Articles

Comparative electrochemical properties of MO (ZrO2, V2O5) based polyaniline nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Due to its distinctive qualities, such as its moderate energy density, extended service life, rapid discharge–charge rates, and superior safety, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining more and more attention. A zirconium oxide ZrO2 (Zr) and vanadium oxide V2O5 (VO) based PANI nanocomposites, denoted as (ZrP for ZrO2/PANI, and VOP for V2O5/PANI) are fabricated using hydrothermal technique in this research work. Morphological and phase investigations validated the random particle shapes with good crystallinity and purity of the samples. The N2 sorption/desorption isotherm reveals a mesoporous feature of the electrodes and the highest BET surface area (36.5 m2/g) with large electroactive sites, which offers abundant faradaic reactions for charge storage. The I-V characteristics confirm their excellent conduction capabilities as well. When utilized as electrodes for SCs in the three-electrode setup, the VOP composite electrode attains the highest capacitance of 1372 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 compared with other active electrodes. Besides that, the VOP electrodes offer superior cyclic stability, with a retention rate of 94.28% even after 7000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. It has been discovered that the in two electrode VOP asymmetric device exhibited remarkable specific capacitance of 651.36 Fg−1 at 5 mV s−1 demonstrating a significant capacitance retention of 87.6% over 6000 cycles. The results suggest that the material could be a good contender for electrode materials in supercapacitors.

Fabrication and characterization of Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites for high performance supercapacitor applications

Binary nanocomposite-based electrodes have been studied extensively in recent times owing to their multiple oxidation states, excellent physico-chemical features, and combined morphology, which are suitable for increasing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The present work deals with Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode for supercapacitor applications. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations have been studied to analyze the phase formation, vibrational modes, morphology, elemental composition and binding energies of the prepared Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode material, as well as their electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been analyzed. The developed Sb2O3–MoS2 nanocomposites electrode provides a high specific capacitance of 454.3 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. Further, the hybrid supercapacitor device has been constructed which shows 104.04 F g−1 of specific capacitance at 2 A g−1 and manifests a good energy density of 24.42 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1299.89 W kg−1. Additionally, the hybrid device Sb2O3–MoS2//AC exhibits a good capacitive retention of 90.6% and a coulombic efficiency of 100.45% at 10 A g-1 over 8000 cycles.

Modulating charge distribution of MIL@CuFe-Se by in-situ interface engineering for high performance supercapacitors

Designing hybrid materials with ideal interfacial interactions derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remains significant but challenging for the realm of energy storage. Herein, a controllable dual interface engineering concept is proposed with the objective of eliminating the non-ideal effects by augmenting the interfacial contact area, enhancing the efficacy of charge transfer across interfaces. Specifically, electrode materials with dual interface (FeSe/Cu2Se and MIL/CuFe-Se) were well-designed by co-precipitation and in-situ selenide, where the FeSe/Cu2Se heterogeneous interface by in-situ selenitisation of CuFe prussian blue analogue (PBA) increases the surface roughness of nanocubes, enlarging the dual interfacial contact area of MIL/CuFe-Se and eliminating non-interfacial effects. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the prepared electrodes exhibit both excellent rate performance and the ability to regulate interfacial charge transfer. Based on these advantages, the synthesised nanomaterials have a specific capacity of 913C/g at 1 A/g and a capacity retention of 86 % after 10,000 charge/discharge tests at 20 A/g. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) made of MIL@CuFe-Se (cathode) and activated carbon (AC, anode) has an energy density of 90 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1 and a capacitance retention of 85.24 % after 10,000 cycles at 20 A/g. Remarkably, two MIL@CuFe-Se//AC HSC in series can illuminate a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, implying the potential application prospects. This study aims to identify a viable method for advancing the development of high-performance supercapacitor applications.

Controllable preparation of polymetallic selenides and their application in high-performance supercapacitors

Transition metal selenides (TMSes) have garnered considerable interest as potential electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to their promising electrochemical properties, but the fabrication of intricate nanostructured electrodes utilizing these compounds still poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a ternary transition metal selenide nanomaterial Cu2MnSnSe4, which has rarely been reported, was successfully synthesized on nickel foam (NF) by a simple solvothermal method, and its electrochemical properties have not been concern by researchers. We systematically studied the electrochemical properties of the materials synthesized under different solvothermal reaction times, and discussed the relationship between reaction time and electrochemical properties. The unique porous surface architecture of the sea urchin-like nanosphere configuration in Cu2MnSnSe4 material grants it a significantly enhanced specific surface area and a proliferation of electrochemically active sites, surpassing those of other comparable materials. According to the synthesis reaction time from short to long, the materials were named Cu2MnSnSe4-1 (20h), Cu2MnSnSe4-2 (25h) and Cu2MnSnSe4-3 (30h), among which Cu2MnSnSe4-2 showed better electrochemical performance than the other two. Electrochemical results show that the prepared Cu2MnSnSe4-2 electrode possesses an outstanding specific capacitance of 930.6 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2, good rate performance (92 %), and a capacitance retention rate is 67.57 % after 3000 cycles of charging and discharging. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits a voltage window spanning 0–1.6 V, reaching an outstanding energy density of 0.076 mWh cm−2 at 1.47 mW cm−2. Remarkably, it maintains 129.63 % cycling stability even after enduring 5000 charge-discharge cycles. From the above results, it can be seen that Cu2MnSnSe4 material may be a promising electrode material with broad application prospects in the practical application of supercapacitors.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Ag-Doped ZnO Nanocomposite Utilizing Sansevieria trifasciata for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of a biofabricated nanomaterial derived from Sansevieria trifasciata root extract, evaluating its structural, morphological, and optical properties for use in asymmetric supercapacitors. The nanomaterial comprises pristine ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and a 1% Ag-doped ZnO nanocomposite (Ag@ZnO NC), synthesized through a green-assisted sol-gel autocombustion method. Employing techniques such as X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible near-infrared, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-rayspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, the study confirms a hexagonal wurtzite structure and nanocrystallites with spherical and hexagonal shapes (30 nm). Optical analysis reveals a red shift in the band gap with Ag doping, indicating improved conductivity. The material shows potential applications in solar cells, optoelectronics, spintronics, wastewater treatment, and high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Raman spectra validate the wurtzite phase and identify intrinsic defects. Electrochemical tests demonstrate remarkable supercapacitive behavior with a 94% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles, highlighting its promise as advanced asymmetric supercapacitors.

Electrical conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose doped by zinc oxide and hematite nanoparticles for optoelectronics devices

This research explores polymer nanodielectrics, a category of materials where nanoceramic fillers are incorporated into polymers. These hybrid materials are gaining significant interest because of their tunable optical and electrical characterization, making them potentially well-suited for applications in flexible optoelectronic and organic electronic devices. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zinc oxide (ZnO), and hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were utilized to fabricate PVA/CMC-ZnO/Fe2O3 films XRD analysis indicated a reduction in the crystalline character of the PVA/CMC blend following the doping of ZnO/Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). FTIR data approved the complexation between the PVA/CMC blend and the ZnO/Fe2O3, leading to a decrease in intermolecular interactions within the polymeric matrix and coordination with the ZnO/Fe2O3. Electrical analysis obtained an enhancement in σac values with the increase of ZnO/Fe2O3 NPs concentration up to 30 min of laser ablation times The findings from this study suggest the promise of these materials for applications in high-performance batteries, supercapacitors, or other next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.

CuFeS2/Carbon Sphere Nanocomposites for Improved Capacitive Performance

CuFeS2 has many advantages, like high electrical conductivity, multiple redox centers, natural abundance and nontoxic. However, the low capacitance limits their application. In this work, we use carbon spheres (CS) prepared from starch to modify CuFeS2. The prepared CuFeS2/CS shows special structures with the CS as the core and CuFeS2 as the shell. These CuFeS2/CS nanocomposites show improved capacitive performance. CuFeS2/CS has a specific capacitance of 349.4[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 0.5[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text], four times that of pristine CuFeS2 (88.8[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text], which might be attributed to the increased electrolyte diffusion capacity. The cyclic stability is also slightly improved, from 86.4% of the pristine CuFeS2 to 90.5% of the CuFeS2/CS nanocomposites due to the rigid structure of both crystal CuFeS2 and firm CS. These CuFeS2/CS nanocomposites are expected to be used in high-performance supercapacitor applications.

An in-depth investigation of physico-electro chemical properties of NiCo2S4 nano composites for high-performance supercapacitor applications

An in-depth investigation of physico-electro chemical properties of NiCo2S4 nano composites for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Enhanced electrochemical characteristics of Mn$$-$$Al-co-doped SnO2 nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitor application

Enhanced electrochemical characteristics of Mn$$-$$Al-co-doped SnO2 nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitor application

From barley straw biomass to N/S co-doped as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor applications

An innovative and cost-efficient methodology is proposed for developing porous carbon materials from barley straw biomass waste using thiourea as dopant and FeCl3 as activator. By varying precursor ratio and activation, porous carbon frameworks (BCF-Ts) with tailored porosity and N/S-doping were synthesized. BCF-Ts showed remarkable pore size distribution and high surface area responsible for enhanced electrochemical performance by enabling efficient ion transmission. The optimized N/S-doped activated carbon (BCF-T) exhibited high specific surface area of 938.7 m2 g−1. As supercapacitor electrode, BCF-T displayed exceptional performance including high specific capacitance of 496 F g−1, power density of 500.95 Wkg-1, and energy density of 42.02 Whkg−1 in KOH electrolyte. Moreover, BCF-T showed impressive cyclic stability, retaining 90.13 % capacitance after 2000 cycles. The tailored porosity, heteroatom doping, large surface area, and proper graphitization of BCF-T facilitated rapid ion diffusion, sufficient charge storage, and pseudocapacitance. This work provides valuable guidance on synthesizing high-performance porous carbon materials from biomass waste for supercapacitor applications.

Utilization of shea butter waste-derived hierarchical activated carbon for high-performance supercapacitor applications

In this work, carbonization and subsequent activation procedures were adopted to synthesize waste shea butter shells into oxygen-rich interconnected porous activated carbon (SAC_x, x is the mass ratio of KOH used for activation). The SAC_1.5 electrode material showed outstanding electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance (286.6 F/g) and improved rate capability, owing to various synergistic effects originating from a high specific surface area (1233.5 m2/g) and O-rich content. The SAC_1.5-based symmetric device delivered an impressive specific capacitance of 91.6 F/g with a high energy density of 12.7 Wh/kg at 0.5 A/g. The device recorded 99.9 % capacitance retention after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. The symmetric supercapacitor device successfully lit an LED bulb for more than 1 h, signifying the potential of bio-waste as an efficient carbon precursor for electrode material in practical supercapacitors. This work offers an efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly strategy for potential renewable energy storage devices.

Nitrogen-enriched nanoporous polytriazine as efficient electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor application in non-aqueous medium with high cyclic stability

Nitrogen-enriched nanoporous polytriazine (NENP) synthesized by conventional heating method possesses a high specific surface area (SABET) of 966 m2 g−1, controlled pore size distribution (1.6, 5, and 8.3 nm) and total pore volume of 2.73 cm3 g−1. The synthesized specimen was utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitor (SC) application in non-aqueous media. The electrodes of NENP were fabricated by two approaches viz., conventional binder-based method and a binder-free electrophoretic deposition (EPD) approach. In case of electrode fabrication by controlled EPD process, the mass of 0.58 mg was obtained as the optimized mass achieved at pH = 2, deposition voltage = 20 V and deposition time = 6 min. The optimized electrodes and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in adiponitrile (TEA-BF4/ADP) non-aqueous electrolyte were used to fabricate symmetric supercapacitor devices (SC). The SC device, with EPD- based binder-free electrodes, exhibited higher specific capacitance (Csp = 84 F g−1), energy density (Esp = 118.8 Wh kg−1) and power density (Psp = 17 kW kg−1) compared to SC device (49 F g−1, 68.8 Wh kg−1, and 11 kW kg−1 at 0.8 A g−1) fabricated using electrode made from the binder based method. To enhance the SC performance, KI was added as a redox additive to the non-aqueous electrolyte (TEA-BF4/ADP). The SC device, with NENP binder-free electrodes and redox-active nonaqueous electrolyte (TEA-BF4/ADP/KI), achieved the highest Csp, Esp, and Psp (112 F g−1, 150.5 Wh kg−1, and 27 kW kg−1) and demonstrated high cyclic stability (~80.2 % initial capacitance retention after 30,000 cycles, at 5 A g−1).

Handy preparation of a carbon-Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 composite and its application in high-performance supercapacitors

The growing demand for energy storage is required with the development of the intermittent renewable energy. Supercapacitors are a promising energy storage equipment, but their capacitive performance mainly depend on the electrode material. To obtain a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors, in this work, a carbon-Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 composite was prepared from pine sawdust as the carbon precursor by integrating CO2 gasification and electrochemical deposition. It is found that the carbon-ternary nickel composite shows good electrochemical performance due to synergistic effect of the unique hierarchical structure and components involving porous carbon skeleton, Ni0 and NiO nanoparticles, and Ni(OH)2 microspheres. The composite displays the specific capacitance of 1875.6 F/g (or 937.8 C/g) at a current density of 1 A/g in a traditional three-electrode system. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor device presents a potential window of 1.6 V, along with the energy density of 38.24 Wh/kg at the power density of 400 W/kg (or 22.60 Wh/kg at 2000 W/kg). After 6000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention ratio of the assembled supercapacitor reaches up to 105 %, exhibiting a good application potential. This work provides a novel and handy strategy for preparation of ternary nickel-based composite for advanced supercapacitors.

RGO/ZnCo2O4 Composites as an Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitor Application

Recently, composite material-based supercapacitors have attracted a lot of attention due to their enhancedperformance. In this work, we present a facile synthesis of RGO/ZnCo2O4 direct solution-based composites through a hydrothermal route anchored on nickel foam. ZnCo2O4 nanospheres wrapped under ribbon-like RGO nanosheets combine the synergistic properties of both in the form of hybrid electrode material. As a result, the RGO/ZnCo2O4 electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 755.38 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with improved cyclic stability up to 2000 cycles. In addition to this, the hybrid electrode material also shows a good value for energy density and power density as 10.75 Wh/kg and 1500 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g with 93.47% efficiency. This study thus signifies that the synergistic effect of both the electrodes in combination as a hybrid gives a better performance than the individual ones.

Facile Synthesis of Polypyrrole/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Facile Synthesis of Polypyrrole/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Study on the electrochemical performance of Ni-doped ZnO nanorods utilized for the high-performance supercapacitor application

Study on the electrochemical performance of Ni-doped ZnO nanorods utilized for the high-performance supercapacitor application

Tuning the water interlayer spacer of microwave-synthesized holey graphene films towards high performance supercapacitor application

Abstract Graphene-based electrodes have been extensively investigated for supercapacitor applications. However, their ion diffusion efficiency is often hindered by the graphene restacking phenomenon. Even though holey graphene (hG) is fabricated to address this issue by providing ion transport channels, those channels could still be blocked by densely stacked graphene nanosheets. To tackle this challenge, this research aims at improving the ion diffusion efficiency of microwave-synthesized hG films by tuning the water interlayer spacer towards the improved supercapacitor performance. By controlling the vacuum filtration during graphene-based electrode fabrication, we obtain dry films with dense packing and wet films with sparse packing. The SEM images reveal that 20 times larger interlayer distance is constructed in the wet film compared to that in the dry counterpart. The hG wet film delivers a specific capacitance of 239 F g−1, ∼82% enhancement over the dry film (131 F g−1). By an integrated experimental and computational study, we quantitatively show that the interlayer spacing in combination with the nanoholes in the basal plane dominates the ion diffusion rate in hG-based electrodes. Our study concludes that novel hierarchical structures should be further considered even in hG thin films to fully exploit the superior advantages of graphene-based supercapacitors.

Time-dependent synthesis of tungsten disulfide for flexible supercapacitors

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) with various nanostructures was synthesized for times ranging from 6 to 72 h, using a simple and easy hydrothermal technique, for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The synthesized WS2 for 24 h (WS2–24), among other synthesized WS2, exhibited flower-like structures, composed of numerous nanosheets, demonstrating superior electrochemical properties in terms of electrochemical surface area, charge transfer resistance, specific capacitance, and rate capability. In addition, WS2–24 was coated on a flexible activated carbon cloth substrate to make flexible electrodes and assemble a flexible symmetric supercapacitor with a gel electrolyte. The flexible supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance of 262.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with an energy density of 23.6 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 802 W kg−1. It also showed excellent capacitance retention of 94.5 % and a Coulombic efficiency of 86.4 % after 5000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical properties of the synthesized WS2 materials highlight them as highly effective active materials for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

Boosting the electrochemical properties of MoO3/MnFe2O4/MXene for high-performance supercapacitor applications

The expanding population and extensive usage of energy-consuming sources are the main factors driving the interest of current researchers toward the development of extremely effective and useful electrode materials for high-power energy storage devices. A novel class of 2D transition metal carbides such as MXene has captured significant attention and has distinguished itself from other electrode materials because of its remarkable electrochemical characteristics. In this work, we have fabricated MoO3 and MnFe2O4 via a simple co-precipitation method. Further, we design multifunctional MoO3/MnFe2O4/MXene composite by the combination of MoO3/MnFe2O4 and MXene through the sonication route. SEM results confirmed the fabrication of nanorods of MoO3 and nanoparticles of MnFe2O4, sandwiched within the MXene sheets. As evident from CV profiles, at 10 mVs−1 MoO3/MnFe2O4@MXene showed a higher specific capacitance of 817 Fg−1 than other electrode materials mainly because of the combined effect of MoO3/MnFe2O4 and the conductive nature of MXene sheets. Furthermore, even after 10,000 cycles, MoO3/MnFe2O4/MXene demonstrated outstanding cyclic stability, maintaining 90.2 % retention of its initial specific capacitance. Furthermore, MoO3/MnFe2O4/MXene showed less solution resistance and charge transfer resistance than all other prepared materials. These findings suggest that the MoO3/MnFe2O4/MXene composite is a competent capacitive material in the supercapacitor research area.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrodeposition of Mn-Doped NiCo2O4 for Enhanced Photodegradation of Methyl Red, Hydrogen Production, and Supercapacitor Applications

This paper presents a novel ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition process of Mn-doped NiCo2O4 onto a commercial nickel foam in a neutral electroplating bath (pH = 7.0) under an ultrasonic power of 1.2 V and 100 W. Different sample properties were studied based on their crystallinity through X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photodegradation was studied through ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry. Based on the XRD results, the dominant crystallite phase obtained was shown to be a pure single NiCo2O4 phase. The optical properties of the photocatalytic film showed a range of energy band gaps between 1.72 and 1.73 eV from the absorption spectrum. The surface hydroxyl groups on the catalytic surface of the Mn-doped NiCo2O4 thin films showed significant improvements in removing methyl red via photodegradation, achieving 88% degradation in 60 min, which was approximately 1.6 times higher than that of pure NiCo2O4 thin films. The maximum hydrogen rate of the composite films under 100 mW/cm2 illumination was 38 μmol/cm2 with a +3.5 V external potential. The electrochemical performance test also showed a high capacity retention rate (96% after 5000 charge–discharge cycles), high capacity (260 Fg−1), and low intrinsic resistance (0.8 Ω). This work concludes that the Mn-doped NiCo2O4 hybrid with oxygen-poor conditions (oxygen vacancies) is a promising composite electrode candidate for methyl red removal, hydrogen evolution, and high-performance hybrid supercapacitor applications.