Application Of GIS Techniques Research Articles

Application of GIS Techniques and ASLE Program for Soil Fertility Assessment at Samannoud District, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt.

Application of GIS Techniques and ASLE Program for Soil Fertility Assessment at Samannoud District, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt.

Study and Evolution of the Dune Field of La Banya Spit in Ebro Delta (Spain) Using LiDAR Data and GPR

La Banya spit, located at the south of the River Ebro Delta, is a sandy formation, developed by annexation of bars forming successive beach ridges, which are oriented and modeled by the eastern and southern waves. The initial ridges run parallel to the coastline, and above them small dunes developed, the crests of which are oriented by dominant winds, forming foredune ridges and barchans. This study attempted to test a number of techniques in order to understand the dune dynamic on this coastal spit between 2004 and 2012: LiDAR data were used to reconstruct changes to the surface and volume of the barchan dunes and foredunes; ground-penetrating radar was applied to obtain an image of their internal structure, which would help to understand their recent evolution. GPS data taken on the field, together with application of GIS techniques, made possible the combination of results and their comparison. The results showed a different trend between the barchan dunes and the foredunes. While the barchan dunes increased in area and volume between 2004 and 2012, the foredunes lost thickness. This was also reflected in the radargrams: the barchan dunes showed reflectors related to the growth of the foresets while those associated with foredunes presented truncations associated with storm events. However, the global balance of dune occupation for the period 2004–2012 was positive.

Development of Rain Water Harvesting System through National Highway Profiles by Using GIS and Field Survey

In last few decades groundwater recharge has reduced and surface water runoff has increased due to increase in built-up areas. Most of the rainwater is wasted due to the runoff in absence of proper water harvesting plan. It is required to develop a technique to harvest rainwater from all possible ways. It is easy to implement the project of rainwater harvesting system on National Highways. Longitudinal as well as cross-sectional slopes of National Highways are already very accurate to channelize the rainwater for harvesting. In this study, an integrated approach for assessing the rainwater harvesting capacity in minimum cost by using GIS and field survey approach for the study area on National Highway 27, Udaipur bypass. In a pilot study of 5 km segment of National Highway 27, it is found that 65 million liters of water can be harnessed for future use by 2000 villagers for about 240 days with per capita consumption of 135 lpcd (litre per capita demand). RS and GIS provide a good opportunity to gain a better understanding of contour pattern, natural and manmade profiles. The result indicates the application of GIS techniques help for conducting detailed field survey for planning the proper drainage system along the highways to store rainwater in the nearest reservoir. The socioeconomic survey was also conducted to select a good insight into the local situation.

ANÁLISE DA VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E RISCO AMBIENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO / ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO

doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2017.28311 The issue of vulnerability is increasingly present in academic studies and in research activities from government agencies in Brazil and the world, this growth occurs through the need to understand society more deeply and its different degrees of vulnerability, seeking solutions for a more inclusive society. The objective of this study is to analyze the areas of social vulnerability and environmental risk in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. With the application of GIS techniques, areas of Very High, High, Moderate and Low social vulnerability and environmental risk were identified. These results were obtained through the spatial overlap between the Social Vulnerability Index and areas susceptible to landslide. The results of this article express the starting point for further analysis of social vulnerability and environmental risk.

Mapping of Adolescents with Gingivitis and Dental Calculus in Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil

Application of GIS techniques in oral epidemiology Periodontal disease studies in adolescents have shown considerable results. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of periodontal disease in adolescents living in Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais, South-Eastern Brazil.For this study, geoprocessing technology was used to elaborate qParte superior do formuláriParte inferior do formuláriouantitative and qualitative coropletic maps, in which it was possible to associate colour grading with Communitary Periodontal Index (CPI) variables drawn from a previous cross-sectional study (UFMG’s Dentistry College, 2010). The study selected 13 cities of Jequitinhonha Valley, considering its population size and performance of oral health services.

The Application of GIS Techniques in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations: Part I a Review

The soil testing and fertilization recommendation technology can prevent improper fertilization and low utilization ratio of fertilizers. GIS spatial analysis module can reduce high costs and increase efficiency of conventional soil testing and fertilization. The purpose of this study comments on the previous researches of GIS application in soil testing and fertilization, has put forward the advantages and inevitable disadvantages, and demonstrates the efficiency of soil resource information database to improve the technology of soil testing and fertilization. It can notably cut down the costs and improve practicability of models when the spatial soil nutrient database is introduced into the development of soil testing and fertilization.

The Application of GIS Techniques in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations: Part II the Distribution of Soil Nutrients in Hainan, China

The research on the distribution of soil nutrient contents in arable land regionally is the basis for the proper fertilization. The study, taking Hainan Island as the study area, analyzes the distribution and variation of soil nutrient contents in arable land spatially and temporally by applying GIS spatial analysis. As the study shows, from the 1980s to the year of 2005, the TN, TP, TK, and Available N contents in soil of arable land have declined to certain degree, while Available P and Available K kept increasing. Generally, the soil nutrients have declined in quality during last two decades but remain in a mediate level. Spatial analysis can reflect the distribution characteristics of the regional soil nutrient elements in an objective manner.

The Application of GIS Techniques in Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations: Part III the Distribution of Soil Organic Matters in Hainan, China

There are more and more concerns of researchers on the spatial distribution of organic carbons. Accurate estimate of organic carbon stock of arable land soil is significant to cutting down release of carbons. The study, taking Hainan arable land as the study case, has analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of organic matters content of arable land soils in this area by applying GIS spatial analysis. The results indicate that for nearly three decades, the contents of soil organic matters decreased significantly in Hainan, and the effective measures should be taken to increase the contents of soil organic matters, i.e. increase application ratios of organic fertilizers. GIS raster calculation can identify the areas, of which the soil organic matters changed most significantly during the two periods.

Mapeamento morfoestrutural e morfoescultural na região de cerrado no Norte de Minas Gerais

Este trabalho procurou compreender e mapear a configuração do relevo, referente ao 1º e 2º táxon da metodologia de Ross (1992), na microrregião de Montes Claros, através da aplicação das técnicas de geoprocessamento e de produtos orbitais. Com o intuito de promover, através de documentos cartográficos, o registro dos aspectos geomorfológicos da microrregião em foco. Os resultados das sobreposições em SIG de dados SRTM e dados geológicos da CPRM mostraram-se satisfatórios, uma vez que possibilitaram a elaboração de uma vasta gama de informações sobre a área de estudo.

Dam-break flood simulation under various likely scenarios and mapping using GIS: Case of a proposed dam on River Yamuna, India

The precision modeling of dam break floods can lead to formulation of proper emergency action plan to minimize flood impacts within the economic lifetime of the assets. Application of GIS techniques in integration with hydrological modeling for mapping of the flood inundated areas can play a momentous role in further minimizing the risk and likely damages. In the present study, dam break analysis using DAMBRK model was performed under various likely scenarios. Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) calculated for a return period of 1000 years using deterministic approach was adopted for dam break analysis of the proposed dam under various combinations of breach dimensions. The available downstream river cross-sections data sets were used as input in the model to generate the downstream flood profile. Dam break flow depths generated by the DAMBRK model under various combinations of structural failure are subsequently plotted on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the downstream of dam site to map the likely affected area. The simulation results reveals that in one particular case the flood without dam may be more intense if a rainfall of significant intensity takes place.

The Construction of the Chinese Gazetteer Information System:The Integration Application of Authority Control, Gazetteer and GIS

Discussions of administrative place names in China involve spatial-temporal transitions through the past dynasties. These place names are mirrors of specific political, economical, and social attributes of each time. As time passes by and the environment changes, an understanding of administrative place names is helpful in contextualizing historical knowledge. Therefore, to reflect the reality of historical records, history researchers demand an integrated information system of temporal axis and spatial axis.For a long time, major developments of geographic information in Library Information Science have been in gazetteer, geographical headings and authority control. Scholars mainly focus on the temporal sequence, and the description of properties and attributes of place names. But the spatial concepts and spatial-temporal definition are often disregarded. The recent tendency of Geographic Information Science is toward the development of GIS techniques, which focuses on presenting the spatial concept of a specific period, as the temporal sequence and analysis of place names' characteristics and attributes are still omitted.This paper, from the perspectives of these three disciplines, intends to integrate the demands, disposal and application of the Chinese gazetteer information system. First of all, to utilize from the metadata of the place names, we would like to discuss the practicable model, which acts to organize and systemize the four-dimension variable structure (4D structure) of the administrative place names in China. At the same time, the application of GIS techniques can provide users with integration mechanism of gazetteer and thesaurus. With the combination of real images, type-drawings and orientation, we can establish a plural Gazetteer Information System. The Second key subject of this paper focuses on the development of the Gazetteer Information System, such as the catalog system of place names, the metadata of maps, and the map-text integrated searching system. And the last, We think further about these three disciplines intergrations.

GIS and South Carolina Barbecue: A Laboratory Exercise

GIS is as indicative of the tools of modem geography but as obscure to most undergraduate students as barbecue is familiar and representative of the cultural traits of the American South. The purpose of this paper is to describe a GIS laboratory exercise that has proven to be effective for undergraduate students who have a variety of talents, backgrounds, and skills. The exercise demonstrates the application of GIS techniques through the use of a regional and cultural geography real world database. It permits exploration of GIS as a spatial association device and encourages students to explore statistical inferences as well as map display.

The compilation of a DTM and a new satellite image map for King George Island, Antarctica

An improved topographic database for King George Island, one of the most frequently visited regions in Antarctica, is presented. A first step consisted in combining data from differential GPS surveys gained during the austral summers 1997–1998 and 1999–2000, with the current coastline from a SPOT satellite image mosaic, topographic information from existing maps and from the Antarctic Digital Database. From this data sets, a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated using Arc/Info GIS. In a second step, a satellite image map at the scale 1:100 000 was assembled from contour lines derived from the DTM and the satellite mosaic. A lack of accurate topographic information in the eastern part of the island was identified. Additional topographic surveying or SAR interferometry should be used to improve the data quality in that area. The GIS integrated database will be indispensable for glaciological and climatological studies and administrative and scientific purposes. In future, the application of GIS techniques will be mandatory for environmental impact studies and environmental monitoring as well as for management plans on King George Island.

Use of Geographical Information Systems in the search for additional populations, or sites suitable for re-establishment, of the endangered Northern Province endemic Euphorbia ctivicola

Euphorbia clivicola R.A. Dyer, an endangered Northern Province endemic, is restricted to only two known populations, both of which are threatened with extinction. The area between and surrounding the known populations, totalling 8874 km 2 , was therefore searched for sites where either unknown populations could exist, or which could represent a suitable habitat for the introduction of a new poputation. A raster-based Geographical Information Systems package, IDRISI for Windows, was utilized to manipulate two point vector files, representing rainfall and altitude of the searched area, digitized within the TOSCANELLI system. The INTERPOL module produced two digital elevation models, from which the SURFACE module created slope and aspect images representative of the searched area RECLASS and OVERLAY modules were finally utilized to identify 12 potential sites, covering only 1.4% of the total searched area. Ground-truthing is now needed to determine the presence or absence of further populations and to assess habitat suitability. This study emphasizes an additional application of GIS techniques to investigations with relevance to the biological sciences, specifically to problems of rare and threatened species. GIS represents a cost-effective alternative method for addressing these problems by focusing ground searching activities to only a small number of potential sites.

The Application of GIS Techniques to Russian Historical Research: the Novorgev district used as a case study

The application of the Geographic Information System in historical research helps to visualize historical data, to postulate hypothesis and gives a new method of a more complex investigation. GIS is used in this study to present historical data on maps, to clarify some source studying questions and to analyze settlement and farming location on the territory of Novorgev district.