Application Of Electrocardiography Research Articles

기술수용모델을 활용한 스마트워치의 심전도와 광혈류 측정에 관한 연구

Since smartwatches are mounted on the wrist, there is a strong advantage in mounting positions for healthcare. These characteristics create great opportunities for smartwatches in today's healthcare and other application markets. The purpose of this study was to introduce the mediating effect of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to verify the intention to use an electrocardiography (ECG) and a photoplethysmography (PPG) using a smartwatch. The thesis model is that safety, convenience, affective Trust, and perceived trust influence intention to use through TAM. 340 samples were collected through Naver's online survey for the study, and hypothesis testing was conducted on 331 respondents. The survey results were obtained using SmartPLS 4.0, a software for structural equation modeling technique. The results of the paper clearly indicate the use of smartwatch ECG and PPG applications. The results of the study are as follows. Safety, Convenience, and Cognitive trust have a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Safety, convenience and perceived trust influence perceived ease of use. The empirical results of the research influence the decision-making process for users who want to continuously use smartwatch ECG and PPG applications that provide new information. The results of this study show that it is necessary to consider consumer safety, convenience, and cognitive beliefs to better understand the user's intention to use.

Nurses’ Performance Regarding Electrocardiography Application and Its Interpretation: Suggested nursing Guideline

Nurses’ Performance Regarding Electrocardiography Application and Its Interpretation: Suggested nursing Guideline

Electrocardiographic parameters and features of ventricular arrhythmias in various arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy forms in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare genetic disease characterized by the development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and impaired ventricular systolic function due to fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium. Currently, the Task Force 2010 criteria and the Padua criteria are proposed for the diagnosis of this disease. However, despite the multiparametric approach, there are certain limitations of the presented algorithms for disease establishment, especially in children. Carrying out such high-tech diagnostic methods as endomyocardial biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging is extremely difficult in the pediatric population. In this regard, the study and application of electrocardiography becomes extremely relevant in children. In addition, there are no data on the features of ventricular arrhythmias in ACM in the pediatric population. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, we studied the features of ventricular arrhythmias and electrocardiographic parameters in various ACM types.

Anisotropic silver nanowire dielectric composites for self-healable triboelectric sensors with multi-directional tactile sensitivity

Self-healable wearable devices with tactile directional sensitivity have attracted significant attention due to their damage-free sustainable and precise detection of directional body motions in various applications such as hand gesture monitoring and electrooculography (EOG) sensors. In this study, a self-powered triboelectric sensor with tactile directional sensitivity and self-healing property based on the dielectric multilayers of aligned silver nanowire (AgNW) composite gel sandwiched between self-healable polymers has been developed. Its output performances are superior to those of similar devices without the AgNW gel due to the stronger interfacial polarization of the dielectric multilayers and charge trapping by AgNWs. Moreover, the aligned AgNW composite gel possesses anisotropic dielectric properties, which enhances the contact direction-sensitive triboelectric performance of the sensor during rolling or rubbing motions. The fabricated sensor can be used in wearable EOG and electrocardiography applications because of the ability to monitor extremely weak blood pulse waves in the temporal artery around the human eye, while its directional force sensitivity allows differentiating eight eye movement directions. The successful use of the multilayered structure containing the self-healable and aligned AgNW composite gel as a triboelectric dielectric material opens a new avenue for designing self-healable wearable sensors with tactile directional sensitivity.

Artificial intelligence: an attempt to automate remote device follow-up

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) through machine learning (ML) refers to the simulation of human intelligence with the capacity for achieving goals within computers. In electrophysiology, ML has many applications in electrocardiography, intracardiac mapping and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Remote monitoring (RM) of patients equipped with CIEDs associates the analysis of event reports and calendar-based remote follow-ups (FU). ML applications have allowed for risk stratification, improved arrhythmia localisation and streamlined remote monitoring which may significantly reduce the workload faced by electrophysiologists. Aim To develop a system that automates cardiac implantable electronic devices remote follow-up. Methods and Results We created a Java software application, that uses the latest optical character recognition techniques combined with artificial intelligence and natural language processing to extract information from PDF reports of RM of CIEDs from different manufacturers. The current version is HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) complaint and runs on local computers only. Using the current system, we were able to run and extract data from 30 remote follow-up PDF reports of Cardiac Implantable Defibrillators (ICDs) and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Defibrillator (CRT-Ds). Time taken from data extraction to conversion of all 30 device PDFs was under 5 minutes. Process and data extracted are presented in the figure below. (Figure 1) Conclusion This machine learning algorithm proved that it is possible to facilitate and automate remote follow-up of cardiac implantable electronic devices. In a near future this will allow to us to efficiently increase productivity, by speeding and facilitating interpretation of remote device follow-ups, leading to improvements in patientcare and precision cardiovascular medicine. Furthermore, in the current and future pandemics it may help prevent unnecessary in-person medical visits, avoiding additional, unnecessary strain on an already overburdened and overwhelmed healthcare system, and saving costs. Abstract Figure 1

Flexible ECG circuit fabrication and application using vinyl cutting technique

The aim of this study is to prove the capability of vinyl cutting technique to cut the conductive traces of electronic circuit layout which used a copper tape (Copper tape 1181 from 3M) on flexible substrate to replace the method of using nano-scale particle material. A wireless electrocardiography (ECG) circuit was integrated and fabricated on flexible substrate, namely a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by using vinyl cutting method to produce the conductive line traces. After that, the fabricated circuit is used for acquiring ECG signals from a patient simulator and human subjects to measure the performance differences and compatibility as a wearable device. In the data processing stage, ECG data were denoised using sym20 from Wavelet Transform tool provided by MATLAB. Then, Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) was calculated and used as the signal quality indicator. At the end of the study, flexible circuit performance was compared to MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and it shows that there is no significance difference between both. In conclusion, vinyl cutting method shows a promising fabrication output on PET substrate as the performance of both flexible ECG circuit is comparable with rigid ECG circuit by a previous study.

New possibilities of electrocardiography analysis for the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia

Aim - to investigate new possibilities of application of electrocardiography (ECG) for diagnostics of myocardial ischemia with the use of modern information technologies.
 Material and methods. The analyse of modern scientific sources, which were dedicated to the researches of the new uninvasion ECG-metods application was conducted. The new uninvasion ECG-metods reflect the electro-physiological processes in the different phases of the cardiac cycle and can have diagnostic meaningfulness for the detecting of early ischemic changes in myocardium.
 Results. The detection of the early stages of cardiovascular pathology is an important step for preventing complications and requires for the development of accessible, inexpensive and effective methods of diagnostics. Last years a lot of attention to the studyng of new uninvasion methods of diagnostics of early ischemic marcers and electric instability of myocardium with the use of information technologies processing of electrocardiogram has been paying. We investigated the different approaches of the deeper analysis of processing of ECG-signal and estimated the possibilities of the use of ECG method for diagnostics of myocardium ischemic changes and prognosis of cardiac sudden death, what are discussed in literature and proposed for using in the practiсe. Among them, electrocardiography of high-resolution with the estimation of late potentials of ventricles, determination micro and macro alternation of T-wave, heart rhytm variability and ECG that is conducted in phase space ECG-Images.
 Conclusion. The analys of results of reaserchers about of the processing of the new uninvasion ECG-metods with autometed information technology, which may reflect the electro-physiological processes in the different phases of the cardiac cycle, allows us to state that the using of them helps to get more information about the state of the cardiovascular system and early ischemic changes in myocardium.

Development of a rapid and economic in vivoelectrocardiogram platform for cardiovascular drug assay and electrophysiology research in adult zebrafish

Zebrafish is a popular and favorable model organism for cardiovascular research, with an increasing number of studies implementing functional assays in the adult stage. For example, the application of electrocardiography (ECG) in adult zebrafish has emerged as an important tool for cardiac pathophysiology, toxicity, and chemical screen studies. However, few laboratories are able to perform such functional analyses due to the high cost and limited availability of a convenient in vivo ECG recording system. In this study, an inexpensive ECG recording platform and operation protocol that has been optimized for adult zebrafish ECG research was developed. The core hardware includes integration of a ready-to-use portable ECG kit with a set of custom-made needle electrode probes. A combined anesthetic formula of MS-222 and isoflurane was first tested to determine the optimal assay conditions to minimize the interference to zebrafish cardiac physiology under sedation. For demonstration, we treated wild-type zebrafish with different pharmacological agents known to affect cardiac rhythms in humans. Conserved electrophysiological responses to these drugs were induced in adult zebrafish and recorded in real time. This economic ECG platform has the potential to facilitate teaching and training in cardiac electrophysiology with adult zebrafish and to promote future translational applications in cardiovascular medicine.

A Fifth-Order Butterworth OTA-C LPF With Multiple-Output Differential-Input OTA for ECG Applications

This brief proposes a fifth-order Butterworth operational transconductance amplifier-C (OTA-C) low-pass filter (LPF) with multiple-output differential-input (MODI) OTA structure and metal–insulator–metal capacitors for electrocardiography applications. The current division technology is used as an alternative output pair to provide multiple outputs and achieve high linearity. This technique reduces the number of OTAs of the fifth-order LPF from 11 to 6 as compared with the conventional structure. The design issue of linearity is also considered in the implementation of MODI OTA. The proposed filter is fabricated in a 0.18 ${\mu }\text{m}$ complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology with an area of 0.12 mm2. The LPF achieved a total harmonic distortion of 49.8 dBc under a bandwidth of 50 Hz and input voltage of 86 mV $_\text{pp}$ at a 1-V supply voltage. The total power dissipation is 350 nW.

A Speed- and Power-Efficient SPIHT Design for Wearable Quality-On-Demand ECG Applications.

In this paper, a speed and power-efficient set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) design is introduced for one-dimensional (1-D) wavelet-based electrocardiography (ECG) compression systems with quality guarantee. To achieve real-time and low-power design objectives toward wearable quality-on-demand (QoD) ECG applications, we first propose a coding-time- and computation-efficient SPIHT algorithm using various types of coding status register files to overcome the disadvantages of low coding speeds and complicated hardware architectures characterizing prior SPIHT algorithms resulting from the necessity of dynamic computation and arrangement in the sorting and refinement processing phase. Second, a highly pipelined and power-efficient very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture is developed to implement a high-performance and low-power SPIHT design based on the proposed algorithm. The final simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can speed up the average coding time 1.52 to 2.74 times compared to prior work with an identical compression ratio for an 11-level $1024\times 1\,1-{\rm{D}}$ discrete wavelet transform at diverse target percentage root-mean-square differences (PRDT) on various MIT-BIH arrhythmia datasets. Applied to wearable wavelet-based QoD ECG applications, our proposed VLSI architecture attains a working frequency of 740MHz and consumes an average of $\text{23}\ \mu {\text{W}}$ of power with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 90-nm CMOS technology, which shows the effectiveness of speed and power over the state-of-the-art designs.

Controlled Ag release from electrically conductive coating systems

Nowadays, silver (Ag) coatings find widespread use in medical textiles, e.g. wound bandages, mainly due to their antibacterial properties related to the Ag ion release in aqueous media. Moreover, Ag-coated fibers offer excellent electrical properties, allowing their use for sensing applications such as electrocardiography (ECG) belts. Due to the potential cytotoxicity of Ag, electrically conductive coating systems need to be developed with reduced and time-controlled Ag release.In this study, pure silver was continuously deposited onto a polyester (PET) fiber to optimize electrical conductivity for ECG application. The pure silver coated fibers, however, showed the typical initial burst release of Ag ions when immersed in an aqueous environment locally yielding cytotoxic conditions, i.e. high Ag ion concentrations. While the ion release can be favourable for antibacterial properties, it needs to be limited for medical devices. A diffusion barrier is thus required, while maintaining the electrical conductivity. Thus, different plasma polymer top coatings were applied onto the Ag-coated fibers using a continuous deposition process. The functional plasma polymerized films (a-C:H and a-C:H:O) were compared with an ultrathin titanium oxide layer (as recently investigated) regarding electrical properties and silver release. Ag release measurements demonstrated that an efficient control over the release properties (initial burst and long-term release) was achieved depending on the hydrophobicity and thickness of the plasma polymer films.

Wavelets: biomedical applications

The aim of this paper is to highlight the biomedical applications of wavelet transform and corresponding research efforts in imaging techniques. A brief introduction of wavelet transform and its properties that are vital for biomedical applications touched by various researchers has been discussed. Application of electrocardiography in terms of QRS complex is briefly spotlighted. Recent survey of wavelet expansion in medical imaging is another facet of this paper, which includes biomedical image denoising, image enhancement and functional neuro-imaging, including positron emission tomography and functional MRI.

Design and QoS of a Wireless System for Real-Time Remote Electrocardiography

Quality of service (QoS) and, in particular, reliability and a bounded low latency are essential attributes of safety-critical wireless systems for medical applications. However, wireless links are typically prone to bursts of errors, with characteristics which vary over time.We propose a wireless system suitable for real-time remote patient monitoring in which the necessary reliability and guaranteed latency are both achieved by an efficient error control scheme. We have paired an example remote electrocardiography application to this wireless system. We also developed a tool chain that uses a formal description of the proposed wireless medical system architecture in the architecture analysis and design language to assess various combinations of system parameters: we can determine the QoS in terms of packet-delivery ratio and the service latency, and also the size of jitter buffer required for seamless ECG monitoring. A realistic assessment, based on data from the MIT-BIT arrhythmia database, shows that the proposed wireless system can achieve an appropriate level of QoS for real-time ECG monitoring if link-level error control is correctly implemented. Additionally, we present guidelines for the design of energy-efficient link-level error control, derived from energy data, obtained from simulations.

ECG periodic table: a new ECG classification based on heart cycle phase analysis

Corresponding author: Phone: +7 (8634) 31-24-03. E-mail: cardiocode.rudenko@gmail.com Submitted: 17 April 2013 Accepted: 08 May 2013 Published online: 30 May 2013 Aims The article considers the development of the periodic table of ECG phase changes which should reflect the variety of the ECG curves and can be used as reference system for diagnostics purposes. Materials and methods More than 5,000 ECG records were studied. They were recorded as original single-lead ECG of the ascending aorta. This fundamentally new ECG lead system reflects all processes in cardiovascular system. It was named by its developers the “ECG – HDA”. Basing on the theory of cardiac cycle phase analysis, the authors defined deviations from the normal ECG curve. Clinical tests were conducted and descriptions based on the laws of cardiometry were provided. Results A fundamentally new system of the ECG curve evaluation has been developed. Conclusion It is stated that all the variety of the actual ECG curves can be divided into 10 groups. Each group contains 4 levels of characteristic changes, starting from the norm up to and including critical deviations from the norm. The results are presented in the “ECG phase changes periodic table”. The table can be used for very precise diagnostics. The periodic table enables assessing the capabilities of the practical application of electrocardiography from a new point of view. Keywords Cardiometry

A cloud computing based 12-lead ECG telemedicine service

BackgroundDue to the great variability of 12-lead ECG instruments and medical specialists’ interpretation skills, it remains a challenge to deliver rapid and accurate 12-lead ECG reports with senior cardiologists’ decision making support in emergency telecardiology.MethodsWe create a new cloud and pervasive computing based 12-lead Electrocardiography (ECG) service to realize ubiquitous 12-lead ECG tele-diagnosis.ResultsThis developed service enables ECG to be transmitted and interpreted via mobile phones. That is, tele-consultation can take place while the patient is on the ambulance, between the onsite clinicians and the off-site senior cardiologists, or among hospitals. Most importantly, this developed service is convenient, efficient, and inexpensive.ConclusionsThis cloud computing based ECG tele-consultation service expands the traditional 12-lead ECG applications onto the collaboration of clinicians at different locations or among hospitals. In short, this service can greatly improve medical service quality and efficiency, especially for patients in rural areas. This service has been evaluated and proved to be useful by cardiologists in Taiwan.

At the heart of the matter

‘Heart Development and Regeneration’, edited by Nadia Rosenthal and Richard P. Harvey Published by Elsevier/Academic Press 3251 Riverport Lane, Maryland Heights, MO 63043, USA $199.95. ISBN 978-0-12-381332-9 (Set) ![Figure][1] True to the assertion of Leonardo da Vinci in 1513, that it

The Clinical Application of a PACS-Dependent 12-Lead ECG and Image Information System in E-Medicine and Telemedicine

This study presents a software technology to transform paper-based 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) examination into (1) 12-lead ECG electronic diagnoses (e-diagnoses) and (2) mobile diagnoses (m-diagnoses) in emergency telemedicine. While Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-based images are commonly used in hospitals, the development of computerized 12-lead ECG is impeded by heterogeneous data formats of clinically used 12-lead ECG instrumentations, such as Standard Communications Protocol (SCP) ECG and Extensible Markup Language (XML) ECG. Additionally, there is no data link between clinically used 12-lead ECG instrumentations and mobile devices. To realize computerized 12-lead ECG examination procedures and ECG telemedicine, this study develops a DICOM-based 12-lead ECG information system capable of providing clinicians with medical images and waveform-based ECG diagnoses via Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). First, a waveform-based DICOM-ECG converter transforming clinically used SCP-ECG and XML-ECG to DICOM is applied to PACS for image- and waveform-based DICOM file manipulation. Second, a mobile Structured Query Language database communicating with PACS is installed in physicians' mobile phones so that they can retrieve images and waveform-based ECG ubiquitously. Clinical evaluations of this system indicated the following. First, this developed PACS-dependent 12-lead ECG information system improves 12-lead ECG management and interoperability. Second, this system enables the remote physicians to perform ubiquitous 12-lead ECG and image diagnoses, which enhances the efficiency of emergency telemedicine. These findings prove the effectiveness and usefulness of the PACS-dependent 12-lead ECG information system, which can be easily adopted in telemedicine.

A comparison of generalized eigensystem, truncated singular value decomposition, and tikhonov regularization for the steady inverse heat conduction problem*

We present new techniques for solving inverse boundary value problems in steady heat conduction. These new Generalized Eigensystem techniques are vector expansion methods which have previously been used in inverse electrocardiography applications. We compare the Generalized Eigensystem techniques to truncated singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization on two two-dimensional test geometries and four temperature/flux patterns. One of the Generalized Eigensystem methods (GESL) substantially outperforms the other techniques studied on the majority of the test cases, with inverse errors up to 20 times smaller than other approaches. In addition, even when the number of sensors on the boundary is reduced, GES L was still comparable to or superior to the other techniques with a full sensor set.

Computational medicine: bioelectric field problems

Applications of large-scale computer modeling and simulation to a class of bioelectric field problems in a variety of biomedical research areas, from single cells to full human structures, are described. The authors focus on a specific subset of bioelectric field problems that have applications in electrocardiography and electroencephalography. The physics and physiology of bioelectric volume conductors are introduced. A specific computational example and the authors' view on the future direction of computational medicine are presented. >

A computer model for the study of electrical current flow in the human thorax

Electrocardiography has played an important role in the detection and characterization of heart function, both in normal and abnormal states. In this paper we present an inhomogeneous, anisotropic computer model of the human thorax for use in electrocardiography with emphasis on the calculation of transthoracic potential and current distributions. Knowledge of the current pathways in the thorax has many applications in electrocardiography and has direct utility in studies pertaining to cardiac defibrillation, forward and inverse problems, impedance tomography, and electrode placement in electrocardiography.