Application Of ECG Research Articles

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and GDF9 gene on the reproductive performance of Katahdin sheep

Objective. To determine the influence of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) application and the presence of exon 2 of the GDF9 gene on reproductive variables in Katahdin sheep in the transition period. Materials and methods. 63 sheep with average age and weight of 2.83 ± 0.89 years and 45.32 ± 5.44 kg, respectively, were used. A 2x2 factorial arrangement under a completely randomized design was used, where the factors and levels were: the absence or presence of exon 2 of the GDF9 gene and the application or not of the eCG hormone in the synchronization protocol. Results. The application of eCG showed a significant favorable effect on the reproductive behavior of sheep, but not for the presence of exon 2 of the GDF9 gene. Treatments T2 and T4 were superior in the variables % of gestation, % of lambing, fertility and prolificacy with respect to T1 and T3. The best reproductive response was obtained with the application of eCG regardless of the presence or absence of the gene. Conclusions. This study shows evidence of the null interaction of exon 2 of the GDF9 gene and eCG to improve the reproductive performance of sheep. The application of eCG is recommended in estrus synchronization protocols for Kathadin sheep in the transition period. Faced with the few genomic reports on Katahdin ewes, evidence is shown of the need to carry out other research on genetic variants and their relationship with reproduction in sheep.

Prevent Cardiovascular Disease to Detection Health Status by Design and Measurement of an Electrocardiogram Circuit

Cardiovascular disease, especially myocardial infarction, is a disease that has gained increasing concern in today's more health-conscious society. Usually, these disorders cause abnormal heart beats. The collection or monitoring of heartbeat behavior is good way to judge people's current heart‘s health status. For getting this kind signal, the application of ECG is extremely important. The manufacture of ECG relies on electronic engineering. The electrical signal produced by the heart is very small. Acquiring tiny signals is always difficult. The reason of difficult is that there is error in the actual collection, and when the input signal is small, the error is relatively large. So the function that the ECG needs to have is to be able to accurately measure and optimize the signal, and in the final obtain a clear and obvious electrocardiogram by optimizing the collected signals. The principle of used on making an ECG is to complete a circuit that can correctly process the input signal. This includes using amplifiers and filters to transfer the signal to the output signal as a waveform. Based on such a combination of the circuit and some components, a fully functional ECG is successfully fabricated. By recording and analyzing the collected ECG, it is possible to discover and treat these kinds of diseases in the human body.

Stepwise application of ECG and electrogram based criteria to ensure left bundle branch pacing

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): MPL received the Catalan Society of Cardiology Research Grant in 2019 and 2020 (Catalonia, Spain); the Josep Font Grant (2019-2022) from Hospital Clínic Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Background Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has emerged as an alternative to biventricular pacing. However, lack of a systematic stepwise application of the left bundle branch (LBB) capture criteria complicates implantation. Objective To define a stepwise application of LBBP capture criteria that will simplify implantation and ensure LBB capture. Methods A cohort of 24 patients from the LEVEL-AT trial who received LBBP and had electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) at 45 days post-implant were included. The usefulness of ECG and electrogram based criteria to predict accurate LBB capture were analyzed. A two-step approach was developed to ensure LBB capture. The gold standard used to confirm LBB capture was the change in ventricular activation pattern and shortening in left ventricular activation time, assessed by ECGI. Results Twenty-two (91.6%) patients showed LBBP capture on ECGI. All patients fulfilled pre-screwing requisites: lead in septal position in left-oblique projection and W paced morphology in V1. In the first step, presence of either right bundle branch conduction delay pattern (qR or rSR in V1) or left bundle branch capture Plus (QRS ≤120ms) resulted in 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity to predict LBB capture, with an accuracy of 95.8%. In the second step, the presence of selective capture (100% specificity, only 41% sensitivity) or a spike-R<80ms (100% specificity, sensitivity 46%) ensured 100% accuracy to predict LBBP capture. Conclusions Stepwise application of ECG and electrogram criteria ensured an accurate assessment of left conduction system capture.

PO-03-012 STEPWISE APPLICATION OF ECG AND ELECTROGRAM BASED CRITERIA TO ENSURE ELECTRICAL RESYNCHRONIZATION WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH PACING

Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has emerged as an alternative to biventricular pacing. However, a systematic stepwise approach to ensure electrical resynchronization is lacking. To define a stepwise application of LBBP criteria that will simplify implantation and guarantee electrical resynchronization. A cohort of 24 patients from the LEVEL-AT trial (NCT04054895) who received LBBP and had electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) (CardioinsightTM Medtronic, USA) at 45 days post-implant were included. The usefulness of ECG and electrogram based criteria to predict accurate electrical resynchronization with LBBP were analyzed. A two-step approach was developed. The gold standard used to confirm resynchronization was the change in ventricular activation pattern and shortening in left ventricular activation time, assessed by ECGI. Twenty-two (91.6%) patients showed electrical resynchronization on ECGI. All patients fulfilled pre-screwing requisites: lead in septal position in left-oblique projection and W paced morphology in V1. In the first step, presence of either right bundle branch conduction delay pattern (qR or rSR in V1) or left bundle branch capture Plus (QRS ≤120ms) resulted in 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity to predict LBBP resynchronization, with an accuracy of 95.8%. In the second step, the presence of selective capture (100% specificity, only 41% sensitivity) or a spike-R<80ms (100% specificity, sensitivity 46%) ensured 100% accuracy to predict resynchronization by LBBP. Stepwise application of ECG and electrogram criteria ensured accurate assessment of electrical resynchronization with left bundle branch pacing.

Electrocardiography and Drug Intoxication

Intoxication is the deterioration of body functions due to different toxic substances. Poisoning by drugs constitutes an important part of all poisonings. Symptoms such as altered consciousness, tachycardia/bradycardia, or hypertension/hypotension may be seen because the cardiovascular system is affected. Changes in clinical findings and ECG may be revealed according to the degree of heart involvement. Rapid recognition and effective intervention by the emergency physician are of great importance. This review considers the use of ECG in the management of poisoned patients. Systematic evaluation of the ECG in a patient followed up with poisoning is essential for details that may be overlooked. Velocity, rhythm, intervals, and segments, QRS, wave morphologies, durations, ischemic changes should be followed carefully.&#x0D; When performing rhythm analysis, clues to drug cardiotoxicity should be sought in unstable patients. Are there ectopic beats on the EKG? The answer to this question may carry important clues. Automaticity caused by sympathomimetics may underlie ectopic beats. This may be the first sign of a problem caused by acute coronary syndrome or electrolyte disturbances. Is the rhythm supraventricular? or ventricular? Is bradycardia with AV block? Or without AV block? Is tachycardia narrow complex? Or is it a large complex? Answers to questions such as: For life-threatening rhythms, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and complete AV-block, the guidelines developed should be followed, and first intervention should be made. Agents that can cause tachycardia; are sympathomimetics (methamphetamine), anticholinergics (antidepressants, antipsychotics), class 1A and 1C antidysrhythmics, and TCA. Agents that can cause bradycardia; calcium channel / beta blockers / digoxin (AV block), opioids / ethanol, organophosphates, lithium. Prolonging the PR interval may indicate beta-adrenergic antagonism, calcium channel antagonism, or digoxin poisoning. Typical ECG of TCA poisoning shows sinus tachycardia with first-degree AV block, wide QRS complexes, and positive R' wave in aVR. The ECG should be taken and evaluated in patients presenting with poisoning within the first 10 minutes. Suppose the poisoning agent is an agent that influences the cardiovascular system. In that case, it should be kept in mind that continuous cardiac monitoring and control ECG evaluation should be performed in addition to the application of ECG.

Effect of the breed, reproductive season, doses and time of application of eCG in the estrous cycle in hair ewe lambs

Objective: to evaluate the effect of breed, reproductive season, dose and time of application of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the estrous cycle and ovarian activity in hair ewe lambs.&#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: 216 Hair lambs were used (62 Dorper, 69 Katahdin y 85 Pelibuey), 91 in the high reproductive season and 125 in the low reproductive season, they were synchronized with intravaginal sponges containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 200 and 300 IU) intramuscularly. The treatments are the breed, reproductive season, dose and time of application of eCG. The presence of estrus was analyzed under a logistic regression model, the interval to estrus and ovulation rate were analyzed by analysis of variance using a completely randomized design with a 2x2x2x3 factorial arrangement with the PROC LOGISTIC and PROC GLM procedures.&#x0D; Results: the breed influenced (P&lt;0.01) the presence of estrus, Dorper ewe lambs presented 9.74 times more possibilities than the Pelibuey. The interval to estrus was shorter in duration (P&lt;0.05) in Dorper (29.5±0.9 h) and Katahdin (29.1±0.9 h) compared to Pelibuey (34.8±0.9 h). The interval to estrus was lower (P&lt;0.05) with the application of 200 or 300 IU of eCG 24 h before the end of the protocol, compared to the application of 200 IU of eCG at the time of progestogen withdrawal. Ovulation rate was only affected by breed (P&lt;0.05), being higher in Pelibuey (2.4±0.1) compared to Dorper (2.0±0.1) and Katahdin (1.9±0.1).&#x0D; Study limitations/implications: To complement the study, it would be convenient to take the research to a second phase where the gestation part of the females is included to relate it to the ovulation rate, and also to make measurements of ovarian structures by means ultrasound.&#x0D; Findings/conclusions: Estrus and ovarian activity in hair ewe lambs synchronized with progestogens is mainly influenced by breed.

A Classification Scheme for ECG Signals Based on Bidirectional LSTM Model

The application of ECG to diagnose cardiovascular diseases is a common method in clinical medicine, so the use of deep learning tools to achieve automatic analysis and classification of ECG has been a research direction for a wide range of researchers. This paper proposes a classification model for ECG signals based on a bidirectional LSTM model which is trained and tested using the dataset used for the PhysioNet 2017 computational cardiology challenge. The data are normalized and then processed by feature extraction. After passing a bidirectional LSTM layer, a fully connected layer, a softmax layer, and a classification layer in the model, and finally achieve the binary classification of normal signals and atrial fibrillation signals. In this process, the feature of bidirectional LSTM that can integrate contextual information is fully utilized. The experiments show that the classification accuracy of the model reaches 94.1%, demonstrating a good classification result.

COMPARACIÓN DE DOS DOSIS DE eCG PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE EMBRIONES EN LLAMA

The study was developed at the Pampa del Arco Experimental Center of the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga, the objective was to evaluate doses of 800 IU (T1) and doses of 1000 IU (T2) of eCG to obtain embryos. Eight adult female llamas were used, distributed four in each treatment (T1 and T2), with a body condition of 2.5, these were evaluated by ultrasound with a 7.5 MHz rectal linear transducer. Hormonal treatments began when the animals had a follicle&gt; 7 mm. The application of eCG was 72 hours after the induction of ovulation of the dominant follicle with GnRH, on day 7 PGF2α was applied, natural mounting was performed plus GnRH (1ml), on day 15 the collection and evaluation of embryos was performed. The results obtained were the pre-ovarian stimulation follicular diameter of 8.3 mm and 9.1 mm for T1 and T2 respectively, the number of pre-ovulatory follicles was 6.33 and 5.50 for T1 and T2 respectively, the diameter of follicles pre-ovulatory was 11.2mm and 10.6 mm for T1 and T2 respectively, average of embryos recovered per donor was 4.66 ± 0.81 and 3.50 ± 0.54 embryos for T1 and T2 respectively, with a significant difference (p &lt;0.05) and the quality of embryos had 35.7% and 38.1% of embryos of excellent quality, 28.6% and 33.3% of good quality, 10.7% and 9 , 5% of regular quality, 10.7% and 0% of poor quality, for T1 and T2 respectively and 14.3% and 19.0% of non-transferable embryos for T1 and T2 respectively, with no statistical difference (p≥0, 05). It is concluded that the number of embryos recovered with a dose of 800 IU of eCG is higher compared to the dose of 1000 IU of eCG (p &lt;0.05) and that there is no association between the applied dose of eCG and the quality of the llama embryos (p≥0.05)

Daily variation of the cortisol and insulin concentration, glycemia, surface temperature, and behavior patterns due the administration of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin in rams

Sex steroids can modulate the circadian rhythmicity of some physiological and behavioral functions of sheep. During the non-breeding season, Corriedale rams have a low testosterone concentration, but the administration of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) stimulates its secretion. Therefore, the daily variation of cortisol and insulin concentrations, glycemia, behavioral pattern (eating, ruminating, standing, lying, and sleeping), and rostral and eye surface temperatures were compared in rams treated or not treated with eCG during the non-breeding season [between August (late winter) and September (early spring)]. Twenty Corriedale adult rams (BW 63.4 ± 7.3 kg; BCS: 3.5 ± 0.5; mean ± SD; age: 2-3 years old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a) Treated: administration of 1000 IU of eCG intramuscularly and b) Control: control, without application of eCG. All the rams were managed under the same feeding and environmental conditions (individual pens outdoors). All variables were measured each hour for 26 h, except testosterone and insulin that were measured at 09:00, 10:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, 22:00, 24:00, 03:00, 06:00, 09:00 and 11:00 h. Testosterone and cortisol concentration were greater in Treated than Control rams (testosterone: 32.7 ± 0.7 nmol/L vs 5.8 ± 0.7 nmol/L; P <0.0001; cortisol: 11.3 ± 0.6 nmol/L vs 9.9 ± 0.6 nmol/L; P =0.02). The eye surface temperature was 0.9°C lower in the Treated than in the Control rams (P =0.004). The characteristics of the daily variation pattern of cortisol, glycemia, glycemia:insulin ratio, and surface temperature were not affected by the treatment, the acrophases being at ∼06:00 h, ∼18:00 h, ∼08:00 h, and ∼11:00 h, respectively. The acrophase of insulin concentration was observed earlier in Treated than in Control rams (13:02 ± 0:56 vs 15:47 ± 0:53; P =0.04). Additionally, the acrophase of the time spent eating was advanced in Treated rams (09:48 ± 00:16 vs 10:20 ± 00:16; P =0.04) and sleeping (21:39 ± 00:57 vs 02:02 ± 01:06; P <0.0001). Treated rams slept less time than Control rams (P =0.04). In conclusion, the administration of eCG modulated the daily variation pattern of insulin concentration and the behavioral pattern (period in which rams were observed eating and sleeping). Nevertheless, although there was a greater cortisol concentration and reduced eye surface temperature, the administration of eCG did not modify their daily variation pattern, suggesting that this is robust, limiting the effect of testosterone on their basal pattern.

The Application of Retrospective ECG Gated 320-MSCT Angiography in Diagnosis of Congenital Pulmonary Arterial Anomalies in Pediatrics

Congenital pulmonary arteries anomalies included a wide-ranged spectrum of pathology that is usually associated with other congenital heart diseases. These anomalies can be classified into several major categories, which show considerable overlap among those categories. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography in assessment of pulmonary arteries anomalies. This study included 76 patients (42 males and 34 females) with male to female ratio 55.2% to 44.7%. The age of the patients ranged from 4 days to 15 years. The studied cases for pulmonary arteries anomalies were subclassified to anomalies of the caliber, origin and development (conotruncal anomalies). We compared MSCT findings with the data collected by cardiac catheterization and/or operation in 38 patients. 320-MSCT diagnosed cases of pulmonary arterial anomalies with 99% sensitivity, 99.8% specificity, 99% PPV, 99.8% NPV and 93.4% accuracy. This study concluded that MSCT is a non-invasive imaging modality that has a significant value in the evaluation of the congenital pulmonary arteries anomalies and its associated extracardiac anomalies in pediatric patients as well as assessment of post-operative complications. It is superior to ECHO in evaluating the pulmonary artery anomalies specially the pulmonary artery branches which are obscured by aerated lung. Also, there is good outcome of the cases owing to early and accurate diagnosis of the cases and post-operative follow up.

Artificial Intelligence Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Development from the 12-lead Electrocardiogram in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Introduction An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that utilizes data contained within a single 12-lead ECG during normal sinus rhythm has recently shown to identify patients with occult AF. Patients with HFpEF frequently display AF in association with left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Hypothesis Patients with HFpEF and a higher probability of AF according to their AI-enabled ECG display more advanced LA remodeling and dysfunction, putting them at greater risk for AF development. Methods This retrospective cohort study includes 613 patients with definite HFpEF: 184 ambulatory patients diagnosed through invasive hemodynamic testing and 429 inpatients admitted because of decompensated HFpEF. A previously validated AI algorithm that predicts current AF risk based on ECG analysis was applied to estimate future AF risk during long-term follow-up, with patients grouped into quartiles of risk. Cardiac structure and function, as well as incident AF rates were compared. Results AI-predicted AF risk was 42% (14−69%) overall. Patients with higher risk were older, with more comorbidities, lower blood pressure, higher natriuretic peptide levels, greater conduction delays, a higher prevalence of pacing, and more frequent use of diuretics. In addition, underlying structural heart disease was more severe, with more pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy, larger LA volumes, lower LA reservoir and booster strain, higher cardiac filling pressures (confirmed through invasive measurements ambulatory patients), and more tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography images from a representative patient within each AF risk quartile are presented in the Figure. Invasive hemodynamic measurements in the ambulatory cohort showed additionally that patients with higher AI-predicted AF risk had lower cardiac output (10.01±2.85L/min and 6.94±2.49L/min in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively) and a higher pulmonary vascular resistance at peak effort (121±102dynes/s/cm−5 and220±133 dynes/s/cm−5 in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively). Over a median follow-up of 41months (11-71months), AI-predicted AF risk was associated with new-onset AF [HR(95%CI) = 1.31(1.20-1.41); p<0.001] and all-cause death [HR (95%CI) = 1.12(1.08-1.17); p<0.001]. Conclusions An AI-risk score based upon a single 12-lead ECG reflects the severity of underlying LA myopathy in HFpEF and predicts new-onset AF. These data suggest that application of an AI-enabled ECG may be useful to identify patients with the AF/LA myopathy phenotype in HFpEF. An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that utilizes data contained within a single 12-lead ECG during normal sinus rhythm has recently shown to identify patients with occult AF. Patients with HFpEF frequently display AF in association with left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Patients with HFpEF and a higher probability of AF according to their AI-enabled ECG display more advanced LA remodeling and dysfunction, putting them at greater risk for AF development. This retrospective cohort study includes 613 patients with definite HFpEF: 184 ambulatory patients diagnosed through invasive hemodynamic testing and 429 inpatients admitted because of decompensated HFpEF. A previously validated AI algorithm that predicts current AF risk based on ECG analysis was applied to estimate future AF risk during long-term follow-up, with patients grouped into quartiles of risk. Cardiac structure and function, as well as incident AF rates were compared. AI-predicted AF risk was 42% (14−69%) overall. Patients with higher risk were older, with more comorbidities, lower blood pressure, higher natriuretic peptide levels, greater conduction delays, a higher prevalence of pacing, and more frequent use of diuretics. In addition, underlying structural heart disease was more severe, with more pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy, larger LA volumes, lower LA reservoir and booster strain, higher cardiac filling pressures (confirmed through invasive measurements ambulatory patients), and more tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography images from a representative patient within each AF risk quartile are presented in the Figure. Invasive hemodynamic measurements in the ambulatory cohort showed additionally that patients with higher AI-predicted AF risk had lower cardiac output (10.01±2.85L/min and 6.94±2.49L/min in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively) and a higher pulmonary vascular resistance at peak effort (121±102dynes/s/cm−5 and220±133 dynes/s/cm−5 in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively). Over a median follow-up of 41months (11-71months), AI-predicted AF risk was associated with new-onset AF [HR(95%CI) = 1.31(1.20-1.41); p<0.001] and all-cause death [HR (95%CI) = 1.12(1.08-1.17); p<0.001]. An AI-risk score based upon a single 12-lead ECG reflects the severity of underlying LA myopathy in HFpEF and predicts new-onset AF. These data suggest that application of an AI-enabled ECG may be useful to identify patients with the AF/LA myopathy phenotype in HFpEF.

Effects of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin on Ovulatory and Luteal Characteristics of Mares Submitted to an P4-Based Protocol of Ovulation Induction With hCG

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at the end of progesterone (P4) treatment on follicular and luteal characteristics during transition period (TP) and reproductive breeding season (RP). A total of 13 crossbred mares were distributed in two experimental groups in the spring and summer (n = 26). The animals received intravaginal P4 (1.9 g) releasing device from D0 to D10. On removal of P4 device, the mares received 400 IU of eCG (eCG group) or saline solution (control group). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 1.750 IU) was administered (DhCG) as soon as ovulatory follicle (OF) ≥35 mm was detected. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed from D0 until 15 days after ovulation. Blood samples were collected on D0, D5, D10, DhCG, 9 days after ovulation (CL9D), and 13 days after ovulation (CL13D). P4 and estradiol concentrations were assessed by chemiluminescence. Data were compared by Tukey test at P < .05. Ovulation rate was similar (P = .096) between seasons (RP = 100%; TP = 70%) but occurred earlier (P = .015) in RP (34.8 ± 10.1 hours) compared with TP (42.0 ± 10.4 hours). Interactions between season and treatment were observed for OF diameter (mm) (RP/control = 36.2 ± 1.8ab; RP/eCG = 32.9 ± 2.8 b; TP/control = 32.2 ± 1.2 b; TP/eCG = 37.2 ± 1.9a; P = .004) and for corpus luteum (CL) diameter (mm) on CL13D (RP/control = 25.4 ± 3.5a; RP/eCG = 22.5 ± 1.8ab; TP/control = 21.6 ± 4.9 b; TP/eCG = 27.4 ± 4.3a; P = .023), although no differences were observed for serum P4 on CL13D (RP/control = 6.0 ± 3.1 ng/mL; RP/eCG = 5.8 ± 0.9 ng/mL; TP/control = 3.6 ± 2.7 ng/mL; TP/eCG = 5.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL; P = .429) or for day of structural CL regression (RP/control = 12.8 ± 1.9; RP/eCG = 12.1 ± 1.1; TP/control = 11.0 ± 1.7; TP/eCG = 13.2 ± 2.0; P = .102). The application of eCG at the moment of P4 implant removal seemed to increase the capacity of luteal maintenance during spring TP. However, eCG treatment was worthless during the breeding season.

Optimization of extraction flavonoids from Exocarpium Citri Grandis and evaluation its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities

Ethnopharmacological relevanceExocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG; Huajuhong in Chinese) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine with a history of hundreds of years in China. It has been demonstrated to possess numerous pharmacological properties, including antitussive, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic. However, no in-depth report exists on the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of ECG. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of ECG flavonoids extract in vitro and in vivo so as to lay the foundation for further researches in this field. Materials and methodsTotal flavonoids (TF) and naringin were separately extracted from ECG, and the components of TF were identified by HPLC-MS. The antioxidant capacities of TF and naringin were determined by 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging tests, and digestive enzymes activity inhibition assays in vitro in order to evaluate their hypoglycemic properties. Furthermore, diabetic mice experiments were performed to assess the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of TF and naringin in vivo. ResultsFive compounds were identified from TF, including naringin, rhoifolin, poncirin, bergaptol, and naringenin. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TF and naringin to DPPH-free radicals were 0.269 and 1.946 mg/mL, respectively. TF and naringin demonstrated a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and a weaker inhibitory effect on α-amylase. The results of animal experiments showed that TF and naringin had no significant effect on the blood glucose levels, but they could lead to significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) increase in the serum insulin level and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels with concomitant reduction in the total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in diabetic mice. In addition, TF and naringin could reduce the liver index of diabetic mice (p < 0.01) and reduce the kidney index at low doses (p < 0.05). ConclusionsOur study revealed that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of TF is mainly derived from naringin, and other active ingredients in TF also have the effects of alleviating oxidative stress, inhibiting digestive enzyme activity and reducing blood lipids. Our results thus provide a scientific basis for the application of ECG in antidiabetic treatment.

228 Effect of seminal plasma on the interval to application of equine chorionic gonadotrophin for the recovery of cumulus-oocyte complexes in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Alpacas as other camelids are induced ovulators and require an external stimulus-mounting by the male-for ovulation. NGF-β, protein present in the seminal plasma (SP) is reported as being responsible for stimulating ovulation. However, limited information exists on the effect of ovulation inducers in the new follicular wave emergence with application on protocols of superstimulation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two ovulation induced techniques and two different times on the interval to application of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) for the ovarian superstimulation for the recovery of COCs by ovum pick- up (OPU). Alpacas were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography with an Aloka SSD 500 ultrasound and transducer (7.5MHz) to determine the presence of a dominant follicle=7mm. A 2×2 experimental design was used with adult female alpacas, 6 to 8 years old, which were assigned to one of the treatments when a dominant follicle=7mm was present. Alpacas were assigned randomly 1 of 2 groups (Day 0) in which follicular ovulation was induced by seminal plasma 1mL IM (SP, n=13; group 1) with application of 650IU of eCG at 36h (n=6) or 48h (n=7) post-application of SP, or by GnRH with 0.008mg of Buserelin IM (GnRH, n=10; group 2) with application of 650IU eCG at 36h (n=5) or 48h (n=5) post-application of GnRH. On Day 7, COCs were counted and the OPU procedure was performed in every group. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Results are presented in Table 1. In conclusion, both inducers of ovulation and both times of application of eCG were effective for producing follicles of 7mm and COCs acceptable for recovery in Alpacas. Table 1.Number of follicles=7mm (top) and number of COCs recovered (mean±s.e.m.) Outcome and group 36 h 48 h Total Follicles GnRH 6.8±1.93 13.4±4.34 10.10±2.50a SP 5.5±2.23 5.29±1.15 5.38±1.25b Total 6.09±1.44 8.67±2.18 7.43±1.33 COCs GnRH 5±0.97 3±1.26 4.33±0.74a SP 1±0.41 0.33±0.22 0.67±0.25b Total 3.29±0.67x 1.4±0.6y 2.5±0.53 a,bValues within columns with different letters differ significantly (P=0.05). x,yValues within columns with different letters differ significantly (P=0.05). This research funded by CIENCIACTIVA-CONCYTEC as part of the project title “Role of seminal plasma in reproductive physiology and application of biotechnologies in camelids” (149-2017).

Influence of eCG and breed on the number of oocytes collected and the production of in vitro embryos of young goats during the reproductive season.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breed and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on ovarian response and in vitro embryo production from young goats. Thirty-one (12 Alpine, 10 Nubian, and 9 Saanen) were randomly assigned into three treatments of eCG (T1, 0IU; T2, 500IU; and T3, 1000IU). Alpine goats showed the highest amount and largest size of follicles (P = 0.003). The effect of eCG dose 24h post application was significant (P < 0.05), and was superior in goats undergoing T2. The aspiration rate of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) was 34% (P > 0.05), except for percentage of denuded oocytes, which obtained the highest number (P = 0.003) in the Saanen goats. The same difference was found (P = 0.02) in oocytes grade III in T2 and T3, with 42.5 and 37.9% respectively. In vitro embryo production was 80.0% of IVF/cleavage in the Alpine goats (P = 0.003). Embryo production was the greatest for T2 (69.2%; P = 0.004). T3 goats had higher percentage of morula stage (66.6%; P = 0.030). It is concluded that the application of eCG has a significant effect on the ovarian status, and quality and quantity of embryos with a differential response depending on the breed.

Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity troponin I

ObjectiveThere is a clinical need for early and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend diagnosis of non-ST-elevation AMI based on serial troponin measurements. We aimed to challenge the ESC guidelines using 1) a high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) baseline cutoff, 2) an absolute hs-TnI change after 1 hour and 3) additional application of an ischemic ECG.Methods1,516 patients with suspected AMI presenting to the emergency department were included. Hs-TnI was measured directly at admission, after 1 and 3 hours. We investigated baseline concentrations, absolute changes of hs-TnI and additional application of an ischemic ECG to diagnose AMI. A positive predictive value (PPV) of more than 85% was targeted.ResultsThe median age of the study population was 65 years; 291 patients were diagnosed with AMI. The PPV of the 3-hours ESC algorithm was 85.5% (CI 79.7, 90.1) and 65.8% (CI 60.5,70.8) for the 1-hour algorithm. Using a high baseline hs-TnI concentration of 150 ng/L resulted in a PPV of 87.8% (CI 80.9,92.9). Alternatively, a hs-TnI change of 20 ng/L after 1 hour, resulted in a PPV of 86.5% (80.9,91.0), respectively for the diagnosis of AMI. Additional use of an ischemic ECG increased the PPV to 90.5% (CI 83.2,95.3), while reducing the efficacy.ConclusionThe diagnosis of AMI based on hs-TnI is challenging. The application of absolute hs-TnI changes after 1 hour may facilitate rapid rule-in of patients.Trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02355457).

The application of signal average ECG in the prediction of recurrences after catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy

BackgroundThe changes of signal averaged ECG (SAECG) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) remains unknown. MethodsBetween 2010 and 2014, a total of 81 ARVD/C patients underwent endocardial and/or epicardial RFCA for drug-refractory VAs. Seventy patients (mean age 46.2±14.1years, 37 males) achieving acute procedure success (negative inducibility) were enrolled. Baseline characteristics, non-invasive examinations and SAECG (before and 3months after RFCA) were collected retrospectively. ResultsAfter successful RFCA, the electrical parameters of SAECG changed in 39 patients (55.7%), including 28 patients (40%) with electrical regression (group 1), and 11 patients (15.7%) with electrical progression (group 3). Thirty-one patients (44.3%) showed no significant SAECG change (group 2). During a mean follow-up of 17.8±10.7months, 23 patients (32.9%) had VA recurrences, including 4 in group 1, 12 in group 2, and 7 in group 3. In comparisons with groups 2 and 3, group 1 patients had a significantly better VA recurrence-free survival (P=0.02). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, electrical regression was found to be associated with fewer VA recurrences (P=0.02, OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10–0.83). ConclusionsElectrical regression of SAECG after RFCA in ARVD/C was found to be associated with fewer VA recurrences.

Hemodynamic monitoring - Basic monitoring

Basic haemodynamic monitoring is an essential part of the anaesthesia work place. This includes Monitoring of ECG, blood pressure and pulse oximetry. For early assessement of perioperative complications every patient should have a basic haemodynamic monitoring, independant of current health status or the type of anaesthesia applied. Knowledge of function, principles and limitations ais necessary for proper interpretation of the measured values. Here, we describe the function and application of ECG, non - invasive intermittent blood pressure and pulse oximetry in the perioperative setting.

GW27-e0676 Application of Holter ECG for screening sleep disordered breathing in coronary slow flow phenomenon

To study the correlation between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). Holter ECG is, to some extent, valuable for screening SDB in CSFP. Select patients who undergwent coronary angiography for being suspected of coronary heart disease during the period from

Clinical application of atrial ECG guided the three directional valve PICC tip positioning method

Objective To investigate the clinical application effects of atrial electrocardiogram guided the three directional valve PICC tip localization method. Methods After application of instant location technology of arterial electronic monitoring in the experimental group, the patients received X ray examination on chest, and double check the top catheter location of PICC; the control group utilized routine location method to ensure the top catheter position, which inserted the fitted length of tube (from the puncture position to right chest lock joint then to the third intercostal space) then sent to do X ray examination to ensure the top catheter position. The incidences of location accuracy, operation time and cost were compared between two groups. Results The accuracy of locations were 98.7% in the experimental group and 91.0% in the control group (χ2=8.01, P 0.05). Conclusions The position control of atrial electrocardiogram technology was applied to place PICC, which can judge catheter top position promptly and accurately, improve the accuracy rate of PICC catheter positioning effectively, and increase work efficiency. Key words: Peripherally inserted central catheter; Catheter top location; Electrocardiogram