Application Of Different Sources Research Articles

Effect of foliar application of different sources of nutrients on growth of Jambheri seedlings in primary nursery

Effect of foliar application of different sources of nutrients on growth of Jambheri seedlings in primary nursery

Evaluating the Effects of Organic Manures and Fertilizer N on Soil Properties in Rice Cultivation

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2020 at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Krishi Vigyan Kendra farm, Fatehabad, (Haryana) to evaluate the effect of combined application of organic manures and fertilizers on the soil nutrients status under the rice cultivation. The experiment comprised of 14 treatments combination of organic manures and chemical fertilizers viz. T1 (Control), T2 (100% Recommended dose of Nitrogen through urea], T3 (75% RDN + 25% N through Farm Yard Manure), T4 (50% RDN + 50% N through FYM), T5 (25% RDN + 75% N through FYM), T6 (100% N through FYM), T7 (75% RDN + 25% N through Vermicompost), T8 (50% RDN + 50% N through Vermicompost), T9 (25% RDN + 75% N through Vermicompost), T10 (100% N through Vermicompost), T11 (75% RDN + 25% N through Poultry manure), T12 (50% RDN + 50% N through Poultry manure), T13 (25% RDN + 75% N through Poultry manure) and T14 (100% N through Poultry manure) which were replicated thrice each. The results revealed that soil nutrient status was influenced variably by the application of different sources. Different combinations had no significant effect on soil pH and EC while the organic carbon (OC) increased with increased application of organic manures. The significantly higher macronutrients were observed under treatment 100 % N through Poultry manure i.e., N (120.30 kg ha-1), P (19.13 kg ha-1), K (237.20 kg ha-1) and S (33.91kg ha-1) as compared to control which recorded N (98.97 kg ha-1), P (12.63 kg ha-1), K (200.90 kg ha-1) and S (30.33 kg ha-1) while the significantly higher DTPA extractable micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) were observed under the treatment where 100 % N was applied through Vermicompost.

Basal application of different sources of silicon fertilizers to enhance biochemical factors in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Four silicon sources viz., rice husk ash, bagasse ash, calcium silicate, sodium metasilicate each at the rate of 500 and 1000 kg/ha were incorporated as basal application in two sugarcane fields of Poovanthi and Silaiman village of Sivagangai and Madurai district respectively. Leaves from the silicon treated plants were collected at 90,180 and 270 d after planting for analysis of biochemical factors which revealed that the silicon content in the Poovanthi village was ranged from 1.18 to 1.77% and that of Silaiman village was 1.28 to 1.78%. Similarly phenol content ranged from 7.68 to 10.33 mg/g and 10.49 to 12.85 mg/g, tannin content ranged from 4.21 to 6.32 and 4.70 to 7.03 mg/g, peroxidase activity ranged from 32.18 to 38.60 and 38.07 to 44.38 Δ460/min/mg and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity ranged from 29.93 to 36.85 and 36.31 to 44.48 Δ290/µmol m−1mL−1g−1 in the fields of Poovanthi and Silaiman village respectively. Among the four sources of silicon fertilizers tested, basal application of calcium silicate at 500 kg/ha was found effective in facilitating the maximum accumulation of silicon content along with phenol, tannin content, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity.

Forage quality in a neotropical savanna based on different types of fertilization

The application of different sources of nutrients to the soil with varying degrees of solubility, as well as the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, can generate different responses in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fertilization options on the quality of forage in the conservation-based agroecosystems of neotropical savannas. Both perennial species Brachiaria dictyoneura and the legume Centrosema macrocarpum are associated with corn cultivation. Four fertilization treatments were evaluated within each cover crop, applying 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of K2O, and varying the source of phosphorus, being the treatments distributed as follows: i) phosphoric rock, high dose of phosphorus (100% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock), ii) diammonium phosphate, high dose of P (50% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and 50% as diammonium phosphate), iii) biological fertilization, low dose of P (25% of P2O5 as phosphoric rock and inoculation with biofertilizer based on native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, and Glomus), and finally, iv) the unfertilized treatment. The results show that under direct sowing and the use of biological fertilization sources using phosphoric rock as a source of P, similar and even higher levels of raw protein can be reached than when using fertilization with soluble sources such as the diammonium phosphate, which induce greater sustainability of the cover biomass, being an alternative in the management of this types of agroecosystems.

Effect of Different Sources of Silicon on the Growth, Yield and Si Uptake in Aerobic Rice

A field experiment was conducted to study the different sources of silicon (Si) on plant growth and yield. The experiment was laid in randomized complete design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications. The experiment results revealed that There was an increase in plant height and the number of tillers plant-1 with the application of different sources of Si over RDF (T1). At harvest RHB @ 4 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (106.05±1.23 cm) and the number of tillers hill-1 (15.25±2.75). Yield attributes like number of panicles hill-1 (13.23±0.49), Panicle length 23.43±0.29 cm), test weight (23.55±0.05 g), straw (7.15±0.59 t ha-1), grain (3.60±0.16 t ha-1) and total biomass yield (10. 75±1.01 t ha-1) was recorded in treatment receiving SA @ 4 mL L-1 (T3). Whereas, higher Si content and uptake in both straw and grain was significantly higher in the recorded in the with the application of the RHB @ 4 t ha-1. Thus, combined application of external Si sources and along with recommended dose of fertilizers found to increase the growth, yield and Si uptake in aerobic rice.

Doses e fontes de zinco aplicado via foliar na qualidade de mudas de alface

The objective was to evaluate the response of lettuce seedlings to foliar application of different sources and doses of zinc. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, and the design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (3 x 5), consisting of 3 sources with 5 doses each: Zn sulfate (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g Zn ha-1), Zn oxide (0, 187, 375, 562 and 750 g Zn ha-1) and Zn chelate (0; 36.25; 72,50; 108,40; and 145 g Zn ha-1), with 4 repetitions. The highest levels of foliar Zn were obtained at doses of 200, 562 and 72,50 g Zn ha-1, from sulfate, oxide and chelate sources, respectively.

Efficacy of different Potassium Sources on Quantitative and Qualitative Character of Litchi cv. Bombai grown in Indo-Gangetic Plain of West Bengal

A field experiment was carried out at Regional Research Station, New Alluvial Zone, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gayeshpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India during September 2014 to July 2017 to study the effect of different sources of potassium on fruit growth, yield and quality of Litchi cv. Bombai grown in Indo-gangetic plain of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting of seven treatments with three replications. All the plants were uniform in growth, 12 years of age and healthy spaced at 10×10 m2. The results revealed that the application of different sources of potassium significantly improved the physico-chemical qualities and leaf mineral content of litchi. Among the different sources of potassium in the study, application of KNO3 @ 2% along with fixed doses of N @ 1000 g and P2O5 @ 500 g-1 plant-1 year-1 showed maximum vegetative growth in terms of plant height (5.00 m), spread (N-S and E-W) while application of K2SO4 @ 2% along with fixed doses of N @ 1000 g and P2O5 @ 500 g plant-1 year-1 showed highest fruit retention m-2 (32.50 no), yield (72.60 kg plant-1), fruit weight (23.03 g), fruit length (4.08 cm), breadth (3.30 cm), aril weight (15.99 g), TSS (19.17 °Brix), total sugar (14.98 %), lowest reducing sugar (11.19%) with highest Vitamin C (32.83 mg 100 g-1), Anthocyanin content (38.02 mg 100 g-1)and highest mineral content (N, P, K, Ca, B and Zn) of the leaf.

Biochemical and sensory traits of potato for processing purpose as influenced by vermicompost and potassium sources

Production of low-quality potato is the main constraint for increasing the processing and export scenario in Bangladesh. Hence, application of different sources of potassium and vermicompost may improve the biochemical and sensory quality of potato. The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of potassium sources and vermicompost level on the yield and processing quality of potato. The potato variety BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) was used as test crop for this experiment. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: 3 sources of Potassium as-K1: KCl, K2: KNO3, K3: K2SO4; Factor B: 4 levels of vermicompost as-Vm0: 0 ton, Vm1: 4 ton, Vm2: 8 ton, and Vm3: 12 ton. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Results revealed that the highest dry matter content (19.83%), specific gravity (1.090 g/cc), and starch (14.81%) were recorded from K2SO4, whereas, the lowest from KNO3. The firmness, dry matter content, specific gravity, and starch content increased with increasing the vermicompost level. A negative relation was observed in the case of TSS and sugar content. Among the 12 treatment combinations, the highest dry matter content (21.12%), specific gravity (1.103 g/cc), and starch (16.34%) were found from K3Vm3, whereas, the lowest from K2Vm0 treatment. However, K1Vm2, K1Vm3, K3Vm2, K3Vm3 showed statistically similar results regarding quality attributes. But the availability of potassium sources and economic point of view, KCl combined with 8-ton vermicompost ha-1 could be used for the production of good quality potato.

Effect of sources of biochar on soil biological properties in an acidic Alfisols

From the present study it may be concluded that application of different sources of biochar showed a positive response towards the microbial activity in soil. Application of maize cob biochar had stimulating effect on soil bacterial and actinomycetes population. It also stimulated the dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soil. In contrast, the fungal population in soil was decreased by applying different sources of biochar. The incubation period had both stimulating and inhibiting effect on soil biological properties.

Release Pattern of Dissolved Silicon and Its Budgeting under Rice Planted and Unplanted Condition in Acidic, Neutral and Alkaline Soils

ABSTRACT Release of silicon (Si) from different Si sources and Si budgeting in varied types of soils are required for the exploration of sustainable rice production. Si products are shown to be effective in improving crop growth and yield; however, its reactivity differs based on the soil type. A pot experiment was conducted by using three Si sources (calcium silicate (CaSiO3), diatomaceous earth (DE), and rice husk biochar (RHB)) in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils under rice planted and unplanted conditions for a single season. A large variation in Si uptake by rice existed amongst the different sources of Si and was found to be higher in neutral soil followed by acidic and alkaline soil. Application of calcium silicate followed by diatomaceous earth recorded higher Si uptake in acidic (547.17 ± 39.15 mg pot−1) and neutral (632.65 ± 112.21 mg pot−1) soil whereas, rice husk biochar in alkaline soil (35.32 ± 4.60 mg pot−1). Application of calcium silicate and RHB significantly increased the plant available Si in post experimental soil. The soil solution pH of acidic, neutral and alkaline soils ranged from 5.62– 8.59, 6.62– 9.13, and 7.64– 9.37, respectively, with the application of different rates and sources of Si during the experimental period. The application of CaSiO3 followed by RHB increased the dissolved Si in acidic and neutral soil whereas RHB and DE in alkaline soil. The amount of DSi with the application of different sources and levels of Si ranged from 47– 447, 139– 751, and 161– 374 µmol L−1 in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil, respectively. About 16 to 28% of Si in acidic and neutral soil and 10 to 19% Si in alkaline soil was accounted by irrigation water.

Influence of potassium fertilization on yield, petiole and soil nutrient status of table grape cv. Sharad seedless

Potassium (K) is one of the important essential elements for vine growth and yield. Grape growers are applying fertilizers through soil and also through fertigation. But, the information on to what extent they can apportion the fertilizer application through these methods to improve nutrient use efficiency is not available. Present investigation aimed to study the influence of combined application of different sources of potassium and their method of application on yield, soil and petiole-nutrient status for two consequitive years. Pooled analysis revealed that yield and major nutrients were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by the different treatments. Grapevines fertilized with 40% KNO3 (potassium nitrate) through fertigation + 60% SOP (Sulfate of Potash) through soil showed significantly highest yield vine-1 (7.00 kg). Leaf petiole analysis revealed that potassium applied at different combination caused wide variation in leaf petiole contents of N, K, Ca and Mg. The vines which received 40% SOP through fertigation + 60% SOP through soil had recorded highest potassium and lowest nitrogen, calcium and magnesium contents in petioles. The vines which supplied with 100% SOP through fertigation showed least petiole potassium content. Application of SOP through both fertigation and soil at different doses significantly increased available soil potassium compared to potassium supplied through fertigation and/or soil alone. There was significant negative correlation between potassium and calcium (r= −0.914) and potassium and magnesium (r= − 0.733) in soil.

Sources and doses of nitrogen in plant cane production and residual effect on the first ratoon of sugarcane in a savannah Red Oxisol

The expansion of sugarcane cultivation, especially in areas with low natural soil fertility, such as savannah regions, requires greater efficiency in the application of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the application of different sources and doses of nitrogen on the dry matter yield and productivity of sugarcane in the plant cane cycle and the residual effect of such application on the first ratoon cycle of sugarcane (var. SP80-1816) cultivated in a dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design analyzed in a factorial scheme of 2 × 4 with three replications. The evaluated factors consisted of two sources of N (ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea (U)) and four doses of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). Samples of the aerial part of the sugarcane were collected. The structural components of the aerial part were separated, and the leaf dry matter (LDM), stalk dry matter (SDM) and dry matter of the aerial part (DMAP) were analyzed. The productivity of stalks (PS) was determined by weighing all stalks present in the useful area of each plot. In the plant cane cycle, AN resulted in greater gains in the SDM and PS of sugarcane than did U. In the first ratoon cycle, a residual effect was observed in response to N application, which showed an increase in SDM and PS. Under the conditions of this study, to achieve a higher PS in both cycles, the application of 180 kg N ha-1 is recommended

APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT SOURCES AND DOSES OF BORON IN THE CORN CROP

One of the main problems faced in corn cultivation, especially in Cerrado regions, is the deficiency of micronutrients. Among the micronutrients essential for the development of plants, boron (B) stands out for participating in a series of physiological processes. Based on this, the present work aimed to evaluate the performance of corn under fertilization with different sources and doses of boron. The randomized block design in a 4x3 factorial scheme was used. Four boron doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha-1) and three nutrient sources (boric acid, borax, and ulexite), applied in topdressing, were evaluated. Plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), first ear insertion height (m), ear length (cm), ear diameter (mm), number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 1000-grain weight (g), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. It was concluded that the boron sources and doses used did not influence the results of plant height, first ear insertion height, number of rows per ear, and grain yield. The three doses evaluated provided increases in stem diameter, with a dose of 2.08 kg ha-1 being the one with the highest average. The application of borax and ulexite results in higher values of ear diameter, number of grains per row, and 1000-grain weight. The dose of 1.74 kg ha-1 of boron provides the highest 1000-grain weight.

Soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and physical attributes affected by soil acidity amendments under no-till on Oxisol in Brazil

No-tillage (NT) management has been one of the significant advances in Brazilian agriculture to enhance sustainability. However, weathered soils are acidic and may require amelioration to become more productive. Our objective was to determine the influence of surface application of different sources of soil acidity amendment under NT with different cover crops on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions, soil organic C stock, and soil physical attributes in a clayey Typic Hapludox in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized block design was repeated from 2007 to 2013 with main plots of cropping system with different treatments in off-season (forage crop, second crop, cover crop, and fallow) and split plots of soil acidity amendment (no amendment, limestone, and silicate) applied in 2006 and 2011. In 2013, soil was collected at 0–0.05, 0.05–0.1 and 0.1–0.2 m depths. Several soil C and N fractions and micro-porosity were greater (p < 0.05) with Urochloa forage than with other crops, but mainly only at 0–0.05 m depth. Mineralizable C and soil microbial biomass C were greater with application of limestone than without amendment. Application of soil acidity amendments had small, but positive effects on soil C and N fractions and physical properties. Our results suggest that greater crop biomass production in cropping systems under NT are beneficial to enhance soil C and N fractions and soil biological activity, particularly at 0–0.05 m soil depth. Therefore, cover cropping during the dry season in tropical Brazil is recommended to enhance soil condition, but improvements will depend on biomass production potential.

YIELD OF IRRIGATED CABBAGE SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT SOURCES AND DOSES OF BORON

Cabbage is an important vegetable for food. The use of micronutrients, more specifically boron, is important for plant development and head formation. The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield of the cabbage crop submitted to the application of different sources and doses of boron. The study was carried out in the Água Verde farm, located in Nova Glória-GO, under irrigation by a center pivot system. The soil tillage consisted of operation with a subsoiler and a disk harrow. The fertilization was carried out by applying 48 kg ha-1 of N, 360 kg ha-1 of P2O5, and 120 kg ha-1 of K2O, in the planting furrow. The seedling transplant took place on 06/22/2019. At 20 days after transplanting, topdressing fertilization was carried out, with 200 kg ha-1 of N and 200 ha-1 of K2O. A randomized block design with four replications in a 4x5 factorial scheme was used. Four boron sources (boric acid, borax, ulexite, and Sulforgan) and five boron doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kg ha-1) were evaluated. Each experimental plot consisted of four rows of five meters in length. The evaluations were carried out on the two central rows, with 0.50 m at each end. The variables analyzed were plant height, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, number of outer leaves, and yield (kg ha-1). There was no significant difference between the different boron sources evaluated. For the different boron doses applied, only the number of outer leaves did not obtain a significant regression. The application of boron at a dose of 1.8 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest cabbage-head yield, totaling 82.58 t ha-1.

Foliar Application of Different Phosphorus Sources for Transplanted Irrigated Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] in North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of foliar application of different sources of phosphorus on yield of transplanted redgram (Cajanus cajan) in June (Kharif) 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paiyur, Tamil Nadu. The treatments included different concentrations of different phosphorus sources like mono ammonium phosphate (MAP), di ammonium hosphate (DAP), all 19 as a foliar application at flowering phase. The results revealed that foliar application of 0.5% mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) at flower initiation and 15 days after first spray recorded higher growth and yield parameters such as number of branches per plant, no. of pods, no. of seeds pod 1 and 100 seed weight resulting in higher grain yield of 2512 kg ha-1, net income of Rs. 95215/- and B:C ratio of 2.97.

Analyzing the Application of Different Sources of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Road Construction

Because of the environmental, planning, and resource restrictions in the exploration and processing of natural aggregates, interest in better utilizing recycled aggregates in road pavement construction is increasing. Several researchers have investigated the characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate (RCAg) with the aim of understanding its performance as a base-course unbound material. As the pavement design techniques and the properties of re-processed RCAg in each country are non-homogeneous, previous international research on recycled aggregate cannot necessarily be incorporated in New Zealand’s pavement specifications. Moreover, RCAg is mainly sourced from vertical or horizontal concrete demolished structures. These sources of material have different engineering characteristics, and there is a lack of information about their performance. This paper investigates the difference between the properties of these two vertical and horizontal sources, and it evaluates their application as an unbound granular base-course material as opposed to an alternative layer in the pavement, for road construction in New Zealand. The physical properties of RCAgs engineering performance (durability) were evaluated through experimental laboratory-based tests. Also, the characteristics of the tested RCAgs were compared with the specification of base-course materials (NZ Transport Agency M4) in New Zealand, and their appropriateness for high-performing pavement construction layers was assessed. According to the tests results, the tested RCAgs have proven to meet the “premium” base-course grade product, and it is expected that recycled crushed concrete, if production processes are appropriately managed, could have great potential use as a base-course material in road construction and in some cases perform better than common natural aggregates.

Morpho-physiological Response of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) to Particle Size and Rates of Zinc Fertilizer

ABSTRACTA field study was conducted during 2015–2017 in order to evaluate effects of the foliar application of different sources and concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of saffron. Experimental treatment included the foliar application of nano ZnO at a concentration of (3, 6, and 9 g L−1), foliar application of normal ZnO at a concentration of (3, 6, and 9 g L−1) and the control. Both types of ZnO had positive effects on the saffron yield and number of flowers, but the highest yield and flower number were obtained by the foliar application of 9 g L−1 normal ZnO followed by 6 g L−1 nano ZnO. Increasing concentrations of both fertilizers up to 3 g L−1 had no significant effect on crocin, but the crocin content significantly decreased at higher concentrations. Effects of experimental treatments were significant on all morpho-physiological traits. The maximum chlorophyll a (1.74 mg.g−1) was observed in normal ZnO at a concentration of 9 g L−1 followed by nano ZnO at a concentration of 3 g L−1. The increasing application of different types of fertilizers linearly increased the Peroxidase activity, but the highest activity of Catalase in normal ZnO and nano ZnO was measured after the foliar application at concentrations of 3 and 6 g L−1, respectively.

Beyond the Quality Illusion: The Learning Era.

By highlighting the intangible, personal, contextual, and illusory nature of "quality," the authors reconceptualize quality improvement as a pluralistic and moral journey. They imagine a new era of quality improvement in which patients and health care providers work together to understand and achieve quality. The authors recommend, for the path forward, a "travel kit" of 10 crucial elements-compassion, deliberation, flexible goals, ownership, the engagement of patients, the inclusion of payers, the involvement of learners, feedback loops, the fostering of learning, and the application of different sources of knowledge-to reframe quality improvement in a new era of learning.

Chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyroyal) plant as influenced by foliar application of different sources of zinc

Background and objective Mentha pulegium L. is commonly known as pennyroyal and it is highly aromatic than any other mint. The essential oil could be considered as a possible candidate for human cancer chemotherapy. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different sources of zinc (algae extract, zinc sulfate, zinc multi, and zinc chelated) on herb yield, nutrient contents and their uptake, carbonic anhydrase, and essential oil production of M. pulegium plant. Materials and methods A field experiment was carried out under drip irrigated sandy soil at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre in Nubaria district, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. Macronutrients and micronutrients contents of herb, nutrient uptake, carbonic anhydrase activity, and essential oil content were determined. Essential oil constituents were analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The results showed that algae extract followed by zinc multi significantly increased herb fresh and dry weight yield, nutrients content and their uptake, as well as showed the stimulatory impact on carboxylation enzyme activities. The highest essential oil yield (0.93 ml/plant and 20.67 l/ha) was recorded with algae extract, followed by zinc multi (0.80 ml/plant and 17.78 l/ha) than zinc chelate (0.50 ml/plant and 11.11 l/ha). Chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the essential oil showed that the essential oil composition was characterized by a high percentage of oxygenated compounds (96.83–97.33%) while the nonoxygenated compounds ranged from 2.48 to 2.89%. The major constituents of oxygenated compounds were found to be pulegone (67.75–74.43%) followed by neomenthone (10.66–17.12%). Algae extract and zinc multi produced the highest relative concentration of neomenthone (17.12 and 16.72%) and the lowest concentration of pulegone (67.75 and 67.97%). In contrast, foliar application of zinc chelated and zinc sulfate increased the biosynthesis of pulegone (74.43 and 73.98%) and decreased the percent of neomenthone (11.39 and 10.66%). Conclusion It might be concluded that the foliar application of zinc as algae extract followed by zinc multi chelated gave remarkable higher increases in herb yield, nutrients content and their uptake, carbonic anhydrase and essential oil production of M. pulegium plant.