Application Of Biopreparations Research Articles

The Effect of Using Elements of Sustainable Agrotechnology in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Monoculture

In sustainable cultivation technologies, the method of managing crop residues and the microbiological activity of the soil, supported by the application of effective microorganisms, is of particular importance. Unfortunately, wheat monocultures are still common. Therefore, there is also a need to introduce elements of sustainable agrotechnics to such crops. The aim of the research was to compare the effect of 18 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation technologies in a monoculture. Therefore, a four-year two-factor experiment was carried out with a spring wheat monoculture. Six ways managing the organic matter before sowing and tillage (first factor) and the application of microbiological preparations (second factor) were tested, leasing to a total of 18 experimental objects. The parameterized weed infestation, chlorophyll index, and leaf area index, elements of the yield structure, and spring wheat yield were determined through tillage technology. In most cases, the application of biopreparations was not found to have a significant impact on the tested features. The highest yields of spring wheat were obtained through the following technologies: application of EM or UGmax microbiological preparations on the shredded straw of the forecrop; mixing the forecrop with the soil using a grubber immediately after harvest; sowing the white mustard catch crop; winter plowing.

Response of the rhizosphere microbial community of phytoremediation plants to oil pollution and the application of biopreparations

The present study aims to evaluate microbiological activity in the rhizosphere of plants growing under oil pollution conditions and in the presence of biopreparations having a different spectrum of action. Common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) were selected as phytoremediation plants. The soil was treated with the hydrocarbon-oxidizing preparation “Lenoil” and two preparations of nonspecific action having a growth-stimulating effect: “Elena” and “Azolen”. A soil pollutant concentration of 4% was selected for conducting plant-based bioremediation. The study showed a slight increase in the total microbial count and the microscopic fungi count in the rhizosphere of plants due to pollution, while indicating a decrease in the count of amino-autotrophs and cellulolytics. The introduction of non-specific biopreparations into the soil promoted the growth of destructive microorganisms despite the fact that microorganisms in the preparations are not designed for soil detoxification and decontamination. Under the effect of biopreparations, the rhizosphere of sunflower and wheatgrass plants exhibited an increase or stabilization of microbiological activity, which may indicate their positive effect on microbiological processes occurring in contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of Agropyron cristatum L. plants generally provided a more favorable environment for the development of such groups of bacteria as amino-autotrophs, cellulolytics, micromycetes, and hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. Of the studied variants of soil treatment with biopreparations for phytoremediation purposes, it is recommended to combine the application of the “Lenoil” biopreparation and the planting of phytoremediation plants in oil-contaminated soil.

Assessment of the phytosanitary state of agricultural seedings using agrobiotechnology

The results of weed infestation of cultivated oats and maize by the phases of their development and the manifestation of the signs of oat septoria affection in the experiment with an applied agrobiotechnology, including the use of biological preparations Trichoplant, SK (based on Trichoderma) and Biogor-Zh (based on Lactobacillus), nitrogen fertilizers (at the rate of 10 kg of NPPN per 1 ton of straw) and lime at the rate of 1.5 t/ha when using crushed by-products as fertilizer are presented. The work was carried out in the scientific and production experiment, founded in 2018 and located in Kursk Region, in Medvensky District, settlement of Panino, in two fields. In 2022 in the first field (cereal crop rotation) cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) of the variety “Borets” was grown with buckwheat as a previous crop, in the second field (cereal and row crop rotation) maize for grain (Zea mays L.) of the variety “Delitop” was cultivated with winter wheat as a previous crop. The results were obtained in the following variants: 1. Control (no fertilizers and afterharvesting residues); 2. Crushed by-products of the crop as a background; 3. Background + nitrogen fertilizers; 4. Background + lime; 5. Background + biopreparations; 6. Background + biopreparations + nitrogen fertilizers; 7. Background + biopreparations + lime. The number of weeds less by 36.7 and 76.4 % related to the control, respectively, was found when biopreparations with nitrogen fertilizers were applied in maize and cultivated oats in the phase of ear emergence. The number of oat plants affected with ceptoria in the variants with biopreparations applied in the tillering phase and with combined application of biopreparations and lime in the phase of ear emergence was by 14.9 and 22.9 % less as compared to the control, respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Undersown Cover Crops and Bio-Preparations on Weed Spread and Organically Grown Spring Oilseed Rape Yield

Undersown cover crops are an important tool for weed control in organic farming. The hypothesis of this research was that undersown crimson (incarnate) clover (Trifolium incarnatum Broth.), hairy (winter) vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in combination with bio-preparations inhibit the spread of weeds and influence the seed yield of spring oilseed rape in organic farming. The dry biomass of undersown cover crops, as well as the number and dry biomass of weeds, were determined before harvesting spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera biennis Metzg.) (main crop) to identify the underlying influences on seed yield. We summarized that hairy vetch was distinguished by its rapid growth and by the fact that it produced an aboveground dry biomass that was significantly higher (1.9 to 12.4 times) compared with other cover crops, while crimson clover grown as a cover crop had a significantly higher aboveground dry biomass (by a factor of 3.2 to 4.9) compared with that of perennial ryegrass and winter rye. During the spring oilseed growing season, undersown cover crops did not suppress early emerging weeds that had not been controlled by inter-row loosening. During the spring growing season, weeds were best suppressed using bio-preparation-treated perennial ryegrass. The highest oilseed rape seed yield was obtained in 2020 after the application of bio-preparations in plots without any cover crops. Perennial ryegrass as a cover crop in combination with bio-preparations produced the highest reduction in oilseed rape seed yield. Further research should be directed toward determining the long-term effects of cover crops and bio-preparations on plant community formation in organic farming.

Effect of “Bist” and “Bist-M” biopreparations on quality and productivity of wheat and cotton yields in agro-ecological zones of Uzbekistan

Significant emphasis is placed on the development and application of biopreparations harnessed from beneficial bacteria, which exhibit advantageous traits for plants. A multitude of experiments have substantiated that the concurrent utilization of biopreparations in conjunction with mineral fertilizers opens avenues to cultivate high-quality agricultural produce. Researchers across diverse regions have demonstrated that not only can plant productivity be augmented through this approach, but also the attainment of superior, environmentally-friendly yields is feasible, stemming from an exploration of the intricate interplay between plants and microorganisms. This growing body of scientific evidence underscores the potential of leveraging the symbiotic relationship between plants and beneficial microorganisms. This synergy holds the promise of enhancing agricultural output while championing the production of products that meet stringent ecological standards. As such, the collaborative influence of biopreparations and traditional agricultural practices stands as a noteworthy avenue for fostering sustainable and quality-driven agricultural endeavors.

Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae as an Indicator of Soil Pollution with Oil Derivatives in Bioremediation Process

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) pollutants negatively affect agricultural soil biocenosis, disturbing the biological properties of soils. This paper aimed to test the effect of oil derivatives during soil bioremediation processes on Steinernema feltiae nematode and determine their potential use as an indicator of the degree of soil pollution. Two test series were applied (with bioremediation and without bioremediation) in which the soil was contaminated with diesel fuel, petrol and engine oil. A preparation was designed for the bioremediation of soils polluted with oil derivatives and used in the experiments. Soil pollution with oil derivatives has a negative effect on S. feltiae nematode ability to penetrate Tenebrio mollitor larvae. The most negative and long-lasting effect of soil pollution with oil derivatives was registered when engine oil and diesel fuel were used. The application of biopreparation accelerated the bioremediation process and diminished a negative effect of soil pollution with engine oil on virulence of S. feltiae nematode. The mortality of test insects caused by the nematode S. feltiae was a sufficient indicator of the progress of bioremediation of petroleum pollutants, such as diesel oil and engine oil.

Влияние биопрепаратов на показатели биологической активности чернозема типичного слабоэродированного

Abstract. The purpose is to study the effect of biological preparations based on Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas aureofacieens, nitrogen fertilizers (N10 kg a. v. per 1 t of straw) on the surface incorporation of crushed by-products into the soil on the indicators of biological activity of typical slightly eroded chernozem. Methods. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 in field experiments with biological preparations of FGBNU “Kursk FANTS” (Kursk region, Medvensky district, Panino village) on typical poorly eroded chernozem in the grain (barley – buckwheat – fodder beans) and grain-tilled (sunflower – barley – soybean) crop rotation. The indices of biological activity (C-CO2 production by soil, cellulolytic activity of typical chernozem) are presented for the vegetation period of 2020 in soybean and fodder bean crops. Results. It was found that the use of biopreparations based on Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas aureofacieens, provided an increase in carbon dioxide emissions on average for the growing season of soybean by 43 % and by 65 % for forage beans in relation to the control. It was revealed that the highest activity of microorganisms participating in mineralization of by-products was observed in soybean during shoots: when nitrogen fertilizers were applied by 7.5 kg/h/ha and when they were mixed with biopreparations by 4.6 kg/h/ha relative to the control. For forage beans, the process of soil C–CO2 emission was more intense in the variant with the application of biopreparations by 3.8 kg/h/ha and their combined use with nitrogen fertilizers by 4.7 kg/h/ha compared to the control. It was shown that a significant proportion of the contribution to the variation of cellulolytic activity in soybeans belonged to nitrogen fertilizers – 80.6 %. For forage beans the main share of participation in variation of cellulosic decomposition intensity was determined by biopreparations, which was 3 times higher in relation to nitrogen fertilizers.

Effect of biological treatment used before harvesting and storage methods on the quality, health and microbial characteristics of unripe hazelnut in the husk (Corylus avellana L.).

BackgroundThe hazelnut (Corylus avellana) is still one of the most profitable nut crop species. In recent years, however, there has been growing interest in this species in the form of “fresh nuts” that are picked before falling out of the fruit cover. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions for hazelnuts protected with biological preparations on selected morphological features of the fruits, their health status and the count of bacteria and fungi colonizing the fruits.ResultsThe hazelnuts harvested from the trees protected with a preparation containing Pythium oligandrum and stored for 2 months under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) had the greatest weight and the highest percentage of the kernel. After 3 months of storage, the hazelnuts had reduced commercial value. Only a few hazelnuts displayed symptoms of infectious diseases caused by species of Botrytis and Monilia. The protection applied before the hazelnut harvesting contributed to a multiple increase in the bacterial and yeasts count on the husks and shells of the hazelnuts stored for 3 months. The bacterial count on the nuts stored under the controlled atmosphere (CA, 3%O2:3%CO2, a temperature of 0–1 °C, humidity of 85–95%) and under the controlled atmosphere conditions and in Xtend® bags (MAP) increased significantly. An analysis of the ITS region sequence revealed the presence of bacteria Arthrobacter luteolus and Pantoea agglomerans. A Koch test proved that both non-pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi can cause the browning of the C. avellana leaf under conditions of high humidity. The application of a controlled atmosphere is recommended for a short-term storage of hazelnuts in the husk.ConclusionThis research showed that 2 months’ storage of hazelnuts under controlled atmosphere conditions and Xtend® bags (MAP) prevented a reduction in the weight of hazelnuts in the husk, without the husk, and of the kernel and prevented the nut separation from the husk. In general, the application of biopreparations for the protection of the hazelnut had a positive effect on the kernel weight and size.

Assessment of the results of grape breeding with the application of biopreparations in the conditions of the Southern Urals

The results of long-term research on the creation of varieties and hybrid forms of early ripening grapes for the growing conditions of the Southern Urals are presented. It was shown that the created varieties and hybrid forms surpass the control in terms of yield by 17.7% (variety Aleshenkin Dar), 23.5% (hybrid form No. 37), 65.1% hybrid form 15-03-1 (Podarok Shatilova) and 111.9% (variety Pamyat Dombkovskoy). The biochemical properties of grapes were improved: the variety Pamyat Dombkovskoy exceeded the control in terms of vitamin C content by 15.42 mg / 100 g, hybrid form No. 37 - in terms of sugar content in berry juice by 19.2%. It is proved that the use of the biological product Samorod has a positive effect on the number of bunches formed on the bush, the mass of berries and the mass of the bunch, which leads to an increase in the yield of grapes: varieties Aleshenkin Dar by 54.0%, varieties Pamyat Dombkovskoy by 43.7%, hybrid form No. 37 by 66.4%, hybrid form Podarok Shatilova by 73.2%. Thanks to this, a high profitability of grape production is achieved, respectively, by varieties and hybrid forms of 92.0, 99.4, 106.0 and 159.0%, respectively.

Response of Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties to the Application of Effective Microorganisms in the Water of the Turawa Reservoir

Effective microorganisms (EM) technology was used to find the optimal method of water restoration in the designated experimental area. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of EM biopreparation on selected physicochemical and microbiological properties using ISO methods. A week after the application of biopreparations, a slight decrease in the nitrates content (0.375–0.531 mg L−1) and a significant decrease in the content of phosphorus compounds (0.130–0.304 mg L−1) compared to the control date were observed. Moreover, on the second date, the decrease in most values of microbiological properties was noted. Two weeks after the application, in most cases, the values of water quality properties were shaped close to values obtained in the control date (before EM application). The EM effect was rather short-term, but optimization of application properties may prolong the effect and thus, include the EM technology among the best eco-friendly technologies used for freshwater ecosystem restoration.

The efficiency of application of biological preparations with a fungicidal effect against the sunflower diseases in the central zone of the Krasnodar region

Diseases are one of the main factors limiting the reception of high sunflower yields. The use of biological preparations for plant protection will allow to fight diseases successfully and improve the products quality. The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of application of biopreparations under the trademarks of BSka-3 with active ingredient Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas koreensis, Bacillus subtilis and BFTIM with active ingredient Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against sunflower diseases. We conducted the experiments in 2018-2019 on the fields of the “Berezanskoye” farm in Korenovsky district of the Krasnodar region. We established that biofungicides effectively suppressed seed infection. In 2018-2019, dry rot of heads (Rhizopus spp.), bacterioses (Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp.) and Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) had the highest prevalence in the sunflower sowing: 49.75 %, 42.0 % and 47.0 %, respectively. The schemes of BSka-3 D + BFTIM I + BFTIM K and BSka-3 A + BFTIM B + BFTIM B showed the best biological efficacy against Rhizopus spp.: 37 and 38 %, respectively. The schemes of BSka-3 D + BFTIM I + BFTIM K and BSka-3 G + BFTIM Zh + BFTIM Z were the most effective against the bacterioses: 54 and 51 %, respectively; the standard and variant of BSka-3 B + BFTIM V + BFTIM G showed 32 and 31 % of efficiency, respectively, against Verticillium wilt. The schemes of BSka-3 A + BFTIM B + BFTIM B (2.65 t/ha) and BSka-3 + BFTMI I + BFTMI K (2.61 t/ha) showed the best economic effectiveness.

Changes in Agrochemical Parameters of Typical Chernozem Soils Caused by Various Cultivation Techniques, Chemization, and Biologization

This paper examines effects caused by basic soil cultivation techniques combined with the integrated application of mineral fertilizers and biopreparations amid the manure and green manure aftereffects on the agrochemical parameters in the arable (0–25 cm) and subsurface (25–50 cm) layers of typical chernozem soils. It is established that disk plowing significantly (by 2–4 times) improves all agrochemical parameters in both layers in comparison with the control soil. The aftereffect of manure increases the efficiency of disk plowing. The highest humus content (5.4% in the arable layer and 5.1% in the subsurface layer) was registered at the end of the growing season of 2020 after the application of biopreparation V417. At the beginning of the growing season of 2019, the integrated application of mineral fertilizers and the biopreparation ensured the highest content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in both layers: 36 and 290 mg/kg in the arable layer and 32 and 220 mg/kg in the subsoil layer, respectively. The highest nitrate nitrogen content was reached at the end of the growing season of 2020 as a result of the biopreparation application amid the aftereffect of spring rape green manure: 28 mg/kg in the arable layer and 21 mg/kg in the subsoil layer. In the course of the experiment, the content of humus and mobile potassium increased from the low to the medium level, while the content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus increased to the elevated level. By its aftereffect, spring rape is a more efficient green manure culture in comparison with the mix of spring oats and forage sorghum. In 2020, the efficiency of the spring rape aftereffect was only 10% lower in comparison with manure; therefore, taking the low availability of manure, green manure can be considered a worthy alternative to it. Combined with the application of mineral fertilizers and biopreparation V417, disk plowing performed amid the green manure (spring rape) aftereffect makes it possible to preserve and restore the fertility of chernozem soils in the Chechen Republic and reduces mechanical impacts on them. Surface tillage with disk harrows combined with the use of green manure is a preferable cultivation method for arid regions featuring dry growing seasons.

Application of biopreparations based on strains of nodule bacteria in the productivity of alfalfa in central yakutia

Application of biopreparations based on strains of nodule bacteria in the productivity of alfalfa in central yakutia

Эффективность применения биопрепаратов и фунгицидов в борьбе с ризоктониозом картофеля

Приводятся экспериментальные данные о влиянии фунгицидов ТМТД, Скор и биопрепаратов Споробактерин и Трихоцин на степень развития, распространенность ризоктониоза (Rhizoctonia solani) в период вегетации растений, на урожайность, качество и сохранность картофеля. Определены способы обработки и изучены препараты против ризоктониоза для использования в интегрированной системе защиты картофеля. За годы исследований сочетание обработки семенного материала перед посадкой фунгицидом ТМТД и некорневого опрыскивания биопрепаратами Споробактерин или Трихоцин было экономически выгодным агроприемом, который обеспечил достоверную прибавку урожая в среднем на 5,0 т/га (21,9 %) и 2,2 т/га (8,5 %) по сравнению с контролем (22,8 т/га) и хозяйственным опытом (25,6 т/га). В этих же вариантах степень развития ризоктониоза была ниже на 14,0 и 15,2 %, распространенность болезни на стеблях – на 50,2 и 53,1 %, поражение ростков снизилось в среднем на 0,8 %, клубней – на 3,5 % по сравнению с контролем без обработки. Сохранность клубней составила 96,2 % при 87,7 % в контроле. Содержание витамина С увеличилось на 1,92 и 1,71 мг% соответственно. Отмечена тенденция увеличения крахмала во всех вариантах опыта. Биологическая эффективность препаратов, способствующих снижению развития и распространенности ризоктониоза на стеблях, по сравнению с контролем составила при использовании ТМТД + Споробактерин или ТМТД +Трихоцин 83,6 или 89,6 % соответственно. Экономическая эффективность с 1 га составила 131,5 и 173,3 тыс. руб. The article presents experimental data on the influence of fungicides TMTD, Scor and biopreparations Sporobacterin and Trichocin on the degree of development, the prevalence of rhizoctoniosis (Rhizoctonia solani) during the vegetation of plants, yield, quality and safety of potatoes. Treatment methods have been identified and antirhizoctonia drugs have been studied for use in an integrated potato protection system. Over the years of the research, combination of treatment of seed material before planting with fungicide TMTD and foliar spraying with biopreparations Sporobacterin or Trichocin was economically beneficial agronomic practice, which provided reliable yield increase by 5.0 t/ha (21.9 %) and 2.2 t/ha (8.5 %) on average in comparison with control (22.8 t/ha), and economic experience (25.6 t/ha). In the same variants the degree of rhizoctoniosis development was lower by 14.0 and 15.2 %, stem disease prevalence – by 50.2 % and 53.1 %, sprouts lesions was lower by 0.8 % on average, tubers – by 3.5 % compared to controls without treatment. Preservation of tubers was 96.2 % when in control it was 87.7 %. The content of vitamin C increased by 1.92 and 1.71 mg% respectively. The tendency of starch increase in all variants of experience was noted. Biological efficacy of preparations contributing to the reduction of development and prevalence of rhizoctoniosis on the stems in comparison with control was 83.6 or 89.6 % with TMTD + Sporobacterin or Trichocin respectively. The economic efficiency from 1 ha was 131.5 and 173.3 thousand rubles.

Technology of the application of microbial preparations on ordinary chernozem soil in the zone of unstable moistening of the Central Ciscaucasia

Studies were conducted in the zone of unstable moistening of the Central Ciscaucasia in the ordinary chernozem carbonate according to the scheme: 1. control 2. KBP-standard; 3. KBP – innovative; 4. PCM; 5. KMP-92. According to the traditional technology was carried out treatment of seeds before sowing and maize plants in the phase of 3-4 leaves and flowering, and on the proposed produce and processing of the soil. Revealed that the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on control in phase 3-4 sheet amounted to 21.1 thousand CFU/1 g, and in the flowering stage 76.3 thousand CFU/1 g and increased with the application of KBP-book standard respectively 2.2 and 1.7 times, KBP – innovative 1.9 and 1.6 times, PCM 2.1 and 1.4 times and the PCM-92 – 1.7 and 1.4 times. The lowest values have on the phase of wax ripeness. The number of ammonifying control in the phase of 3-4 leaves was 55 million CFU/1 g. and has increased as a result of the application of biopreparations in 1,4-1,6 times. In the flowering stage, the number of ammonifying control increased to 259 million CFU/1 g and increased by different versions from 1.6 to 1.7 times. Similar changes can be traced in the number of nitrifying microorganisms. The yield of corn for grain was lowest on control (of 4.07 t/ha), increased more than conventional technology, the embodiment with the use of KBP-S 24.1 %, and the proposed technology with the use of KMP-92 - 31.4%.

The influence of biostimulants and microbiological preparation on the production process of peas (Pisum sativum L.) in the drought Steppe of Ukraine

The use of plant growth bioregulators and microbiological preparations stimulates growth processes, improves nitrogen nutrition, and enhances crop resistance to adverse conditions. Therefore, the aim of the work was to elucidate the characteristics of the additive effect of biostimulants (Stimpo, Regoplant) and the microbiological preparation Azotofit-R on the growth, development, formation of a photoassimilating apparatus and the productivity of peas Oplot variety in the dry Steppe of Ukraine. Presowing and foliar treatments with biological products were made in the doses recommended by the manufacturers. The number of root nodules was calculated, the leaf area index, the content of chlorophyll were determined, and the netto-photosynthesis productivity was calculated in the experiment. The structural elements of the biological productivity of pea crops were recorded. It is established that Stimpo and Regoplant combined with Azotofit-r contributed to increase in the numbers of nodules by 14–17 % till flowering stage in comparison with the variants under the separate application of biostimulants. Presowing treatment of peas seeds and foliar treatment with more active leaves surface formation was noticed under combined application of biopreparations compared to separate one and it promoted the raise of netto-photosynthesis. Synergistic interaction of biostimulants (Stimpo, Regoplant) with bioactivator (Azotofit) was observed in the processes of chlorophyll synthesis and accumulation. Combined interaction of Stimpo, Regoplant with Azotofit rised the beans number per plant by 8 % to 28 %, and weight of 1000 seeds by 4.4 % to 6.3 % respectively. Under separate application of Azotofit, Stimpo, Regoplant, the biological yield of peas crop was 3.4, 3.8 and 3.4 t/ha. Whereas, under combined application of biopreparations (Azotofit+Stimpo) the yield was – 4.4 t/ha and (Azotofit+Regoplant) – 4.2 t/ha and its exceeded the control yield (3.1 t/ha) of peas. These data confirm the results of biopreparations positive influence on legumine biological productivity, which indicates a future perspective to research the productive processes under biopreparations effect. Key words: biostimulator, Rehoplant, Stimpo, Azotofit, pea, photoassimilation apparatus, yield.

Prevention of transport stress in imported heifers improves their health status and their productive parameters

The dynamics of bioamines in platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and blood plasma of imported heifers indicated that experimental group of animals experience stress, which is accompanied by an adequate release of bioamines from the deposit sites: catecholamines - by 9.2-17.1%, histamine - by 2.2-6.1% and serotonin by 1.0-3.9% (P <0.05-0.001). Intramuscular injection of PS-7 and Prevention-N-C preparations to transported animals had a supportive effect on the formation of body biochemical adaptation mechanisms to the conditions of long-term transportation. After application of biopreparations the improvement of the reproductive traits of heifers of the 1st and 2nd experimental group was indicated the age of successful insemination was shortened by 1.35 and 1.53 months, the first calving age - by 1.0 and 1.2 months, the insemination index - by 1.42 and 1.93 times, the service period - by 8.8 and 12.2 days and increased fertilization after the first insemination by 1.7 and 2.0 times (P <0.05-0.01), rather than in the control. Heifers of the 1st and 2nd experimental group surpassed their peers of the control group in milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 109 and 125 kg (P <0.05), fat content by 0.16 and 0.27% and protein content by 0.04 and 0.07%.

Application of Biopreparations on the Basis of Chitozan in Agriculture

The widespread use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection products causes a serious imbalance in the environment and has an adverse effect on human health. Therefore, the study of the possibility of using safe bio-fertilizers is a very urgent task. This article provides an overview of research studies on the properties of chitosan that are of interest for use in agriculture. Chitosan, a natural compound that is made from the shells of marine organisms. Currently, a large number of studies are devoted to the study of the properties of chitosan, which protect crops from pathogens, as well as various abiotic stresses. It is established that chitosan effectively improves the physiological properties of plants, and also increases the shelf life of fruits. Chitosan is of interest as an additive to the soil as a nutrient that increases the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and does not affect the beneficial soil microbiota. In addition, chitosan increases the protective functions of plants at the genetic level.

Wpływ aplikacji biopreparatów i fungicydów na plon i wybrane parametry wartości nasiennej sadzeniaków ziemniaka

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The impact of non-chemical weed control methods and biopreparations on winter oilseed rape preparation for over-wintering and productivity

The current study was aimed to establish the impact of non-chemical weed control methods (thermal, mechanical andsmothering) and biopreparations on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) preparation for over-wintering and productivity under the conditions of the organic farming system. During the 2014–2016 period, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University on Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-n-w-cc). The field experiment treatments were the following: Factor A – non-chemical weed control methods: 1) thermal (water steam), 2) mechanical (inter-row loosening), 3) smothering (self-regulation, sowing with narrow inter-rows); Factor B – application of biopreparations: 1) without application, 2) with application. During the period of autumn vegetation, in the smothering method plots, where the winter oilseed rape crop density was 1.5–2.4 times lower than that in the plots of thermal and mechanical weed control methods, the significantly highest aboveground mass of plant, number of leaves per plant, diameter of root collar, root area, total root length, root biomass of plant and leaf area of plant were determined, and in 2015 the highest chlorophyll index was measured in the leaves. In 2014 the application of biopreprations in the smothering method plots significantly increased the aboveground mass of plant (41.3%), the total root length (33.2%) and the root biomass of plant (28.0%). In 2004 the diameter of winter oilseed rape root collar depended on the leaf area of plant (r = 0.83, P &lt; 0.05) and the root area of plant (r = 0.86, P &lt; 0.05), and in 2015 it depended on the leaf area of plant (r = 0.89, P &lt; 0.05), the root area (r = 0.99, P &lt; 0.01), the total root length (r = 0.98, P &lt; 0.01) and the root biomass of plant (r = 0.99, P &lt; 0.01). Positive, strong and very strong, and statistically significant relationships were established between the leaf area of oilseed rape and the root area, the total root length and the root biomass of plant. In the spring of 2015, during the renewed oilseed rape vegetation stage, the highest crop density (98.0 units m–2) and over-wintering (96.0%) were obtained in the plots of the mechanical weed control method in combination with biopreparations. In the spring of 2016, different nonchemical weed control methods and biopreparations did not have any significant effect on the oilseed rape over-wintering and the crop density. In 2015, different non-chemical weed control methods did not have any significant influence on oilseed rape biometric parameters before harvesting. In 2016, in the smothering method plots a significantly lower mass of oilseed rape and the number of branches per plant were formed compared to those of other used treatments. The highest number of pods per plant was determined in the smothering method plots in combination with biopreparations. In 2015 biopreprations in the smothering method plots significantly increased the 1 000 seed mass, and in 2016 they increased the number of pods per plant, respectively 7.2 and 35.6%. In the droughty year of 2015, the significantly highest winter oilseed rape seed yield was recorded in the plots of the mechanical weed control method, and in the moist year of 2016, the highest yield was in the smothering method plots with biopreparations. In 2015 biopreprations significantly increased the oilseed rape seed yield in the plots of thermal and mechanical weed control methods, and in 2016 they increased the yield in the smothering method plots, respectively 43.4, 25.1 and 51.5%. In 2015 the winter oilseed rape seed yield depended on the crop density (r = 0.86, P &lt; 0.05) and the plant height (r = 0.94, P &lt; 0.01), and in 2016 it depended on the number of pods per plant (r = 0.98, P &lt; 0.01) and the plant height (r = 0.85, P &lt; 0.05).