Application Of Basic Knowledge Research Articles

Drawing is an important tool to learn context-based histology in an integrated undergraduate medical curriculum

ObjectivesTo determine if learning histology by drawing is superior to learning by looking through a microscope only. MethodsSecond year MBBS students were divided by simple random sampling into Groups A and B. Each group comprised 50 students. This mixed-methods study was conducted in an 8-week module. For the first 4 weeks, students in Group A learned histology by drawing, whereas Group B learned by seeing the text and microscopic images. For the last 4 weeks, groups were swapped by crossover design. The impact of learning by drawing was assessed by multiple choice question (MCQ) test I and test II at the end of 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Statistical analyses of the data were conducted with SPSS version 23. The scores obtained in test I and test II were analyzed by the independent samples t-test. The paired samples t-test was applied to scores obtained by the same subject when they learned with drawing and no drawing strategies. To assess the impact of drawing on learning histology, a focus group study was conducted in six participants selected by purposive sampling. Responses to the semi-structured interview questions were analyzed by qualitative research techniques of coding, categorizing, and generation of themes. ResultsThe independent samples t-test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores obtained by Groups A and B in test I and test II. However, there was a statistically significant difference when the subject learned histology by drawing compared to no drawing, as shown by the paired samples t-test. The results from the focus group study revealed that drawing had a positive impact on knowledge retention and understanding the basic concepts of histology for its application in the clinical context. ConclusionDrawing-based learning in histology helps with the application of basic knowledge in the clinical context.

Application of mini-clinical evaluation exercise for assessing the integrated-based learning during physical diagnostic course.

Medical education paradigm has been questioned for the requirements of improving the quality and quantity of medical students. This study was to explore the efficiency of integrated-based learning (IBL) used mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) during physical diagnostics course. One hundred and eleven volunteered students were randomly divided into three groups: lecture-based learning (LBL), case-based learning (CBL), and IBL. Nephrotic syndrome was the teaching content. In the IBL group, students were provided the guideline and additional interpretation from the instructor about the basic knowledge related to disease as vertical integration curriculum. Their performance was evaluated by mini-CEX and theoretical examination, respectively. All subjects have completed the study. The difference of five factors (medical interview, physical examination, clinical judgment, organizational effectiveness, and competence) in mini-CEX between IBL, CBL, and LBL were statistically significant (p <0.05). Sample sizes of below, meets, and above the expectations of mini-CEX in different instructional groups were statistically significant (X2 =17.842, p =0.001). The final exam scores in IBL group and the CBL group were significantly higher than that of LBL group (F =41.553, p =0.000). And the relationship of final exam score only in the IBL group was positive existed with medical interview (R =0.466, p =0.004), physical examination (R =0.328, p =0.048), professional attitude (R =0.366, p =0.026), and communication skill (R =0.412, p =0.011). Therefore, our study revealed the effect of IBL on the medical students' skills. It highlights IBL could improve the physical examination, organizational effectiveness, and competence and the application of basic knowledge. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(5):417-423, 2018.

Learning Seismology through Inquiry: Structured, Guided, or Both?

The aim of the current study is to explore the effectiveness of using inquiry instruction to support high school students’ learning of seismology. A total of 191 Taiwanese high school students were recruited and assigned to the guided-inquiry condition or the structured-inquiry condition. Students’ learning outcomes (i.e., basic knowledge of seismology, applications of basic knowledge, and attitudes toward seismology) were assessed. The results revealed that the guided-inquiry group outperformed the structured-inquiry group in the application of basic knowledge. In contrast, the structured-inquiry group had a better understanding of basic seismological information. Both groups’ attitudes toward seismology were improved after the inquiry activities. The findings suggest that both guided and structured inquiries are effective in enhancing students’ learning of seismology, albeit in different ways. Accordingly, teachers should be flexible in using different approaches to inquiry activity to maximize students’ learning.

Examining the impact of bone pathology on type I Gaucher disease

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in GBA gene leading to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme acid β glucocerebrosidase. Phenotipically, three different forms can be distinguished, type I GD being the most frequent, and characterized by the absence of involvement of the CNS. Affected organs are the spleen, liver, bone marrow and bone and, in severe cases, also the lung and kidney. Bone manifestations include bone pain, bone crises, osteopenia, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis and pathological fractures. Nowadays, skeletal alterations are the major cause of morbidity for patients, and a major concern for physicians who treat them, owing to the variable grade of response and refractoriness of bone pathology to treatment. Pathological mechanisms of bone alterations in GD are still poorly understood. Advances are being achieved in the knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms; by application of basic knowledge from osteoimmunology. GD ...

The Evaluation Method of Enterprise Financial Management Skill

By means of selecting evaluation procedure and evaluation methods of financial management expertise, regulators of the financial management system can know the existing problems feedback and reverse the amendment evaluation parameters, revise the problems in the evaluation program, thereby improving the reliability and validity of the evaluation system . Exploration to financial management expertise can promote the formulation of other professional skill system; building of financial management system can strengthen students' practical application of basic knowledge and realize the combination between skills and; the Practice of financial management system can improve the integration between vocational education and vocational skills; the development of financial management system can improve students' abilities in respects of professional extension, actual work capacity, practical innovation, collaboration, management, employment and entrepreneurship.

The effects of relocation to a new hospital on the first anaesthetic weekend call

Background: Relocation of a hospital is a big challenge anywhere in the world. The aim of this study is to document our regional experience, highlight the challenges faced and crisis management with the possibility of identifying features of relocation strategy that can be employed in the future. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of all emergency anaesthesia performed during the first weekend call following relocation of the teaching hospital. Photographs were taken, events were documented and records from the anaesthetic charts were analyzed. Results: Five emergency Caesarean sections were performed. There were no surgical emergency operations. One theatre was designated for all emergencies. Intra-hospital transfer of patients between the labour ward, theatre, special care baby unit and postnatal ward over some distance was required. Some drugs particularly neostigmine and neonatal resuscitaire were still unpacked. Four out of five caesarean sections were performed under spinal anaesthesia. Outcome of neonatal resuscitation was satisfactory. Conclusion: Relocation of a hospital is challenging. Improvisation and application of basic knowledge and skills while maintaining a good ambience were necessary. Adequate planning, rehearsals and good leadership will minimize the problems. Keywords : Relocation, Anaesthetic weekend-call, Challenges PHMJ Vol. 2 (2) 2008: pp. 140-144

The transfer of technology from the developed to the developing world.

The treatment of haemophilia in both the developed and developing world countries need not be complicated. The person with haemophilia can be treated and managed by common sense and the application of basic knowledge and understanding of the physiology and pathology. Emphasis needs to be placed on training people rather than on technology in the areas of clinical medicine, laboratory medicine and blood transfusion medicine. Within these specialties, there are a number of practical aspects in which a critical degree of expertise is required. Such expertise may not be available in the developing country and hence there is a very justifiable reason for the exchange of knowledge, technology and goodwill.

Technician training for the small firm

The footwear industry requires highly skilled technicians but there are considerable training problems: numbers are small, they are widely scattered, training is required at irregular and often unpredictable times and the application of basic knowledge varies considerably. This article describes an approach to training technicians under these conditions which is both rapid and effective.

Neonatal Heart Disease.

This collection of essays related to neonatal heart disease is not for the casual medical reader. On the contrary, it is directed toward the individual familiar with the clinical aspects of congenital heart disease and its pathophysiology. The topics included in this collection are pertinent to those who look after neonates with cardiovascular disease. New concepts in embryology, fetal hemodynamics, and developmental aspects of myocardial physiology are discussed as are recognition and medical and surgical management of neonatal cardiac problems. Important considerations in epidemiology and oxygen transport provide practical applications of basic knowledge. The names of the individual chapters' authors are familiar to pediatric cardiologists. However, as is often the case with multiple contributors, the quality of the contributions is uneven. Basic science presentations by Heymann and Rudolph, Friedman, Nora, Wolfe, Miles, and Miller are interesting and thought-provoking. The approach to hemodynamic investigation described by Graham and Jarmakani is useful

On better understanding of plant pathogens

Plant pathology has benefited by the application of basic knowledge from other disciplines. This has enabled the subject to grow unhampered. Some of the recent trends are discussed here.