Application Layer Of Internet Research Articles

Patient Monitoring System Using Cognitive Internet of Things.

In this article, we ponder multi-user medical image transmission using Cognitive Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) Multi-carrier Code-division-multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system to monitor patient information. We investigate the performance of such system in the communication layer and application layer of internet of things (IOT). Patient monitoring system plays vital role in the hospital particularly in the emergency ward to resolve certain problems such as maintaining glucose level in the body, maintaining minimum sugar levels under emergency conditions. IOT find tremendous application in the hospital to deal with certain issues such as injection of drug to the patients by doctor from remote places, monitoring patients heart beats, sugar level by the concerned doctors. MIMO finds many applications in medical field to enrich data rate while communication patient information at faster rate. We utilize MC-CDMA system to accommodate large user patients information and to transmit such information with high resolution by eliminating channel impairments. We are utilizing Cognitive spectrum for medical image transmission of higher bandwidth applications. We realize Double-space-time transmit diversity as MIMO profile to boost up throughput. We perform multi-carrier modulation using IDFT at the transmitter .we carryout demodulation employing DFT at the hospital. We introduce Multi-carrier communication to fulfil the need of bandwidth efficiency and to diminish frequency selectivity effects.In the application layer, we estimate patient's information with aid of block-nulling decoding algorithm. Moreover we analyze the quality of image of D-STTD MC-CDMA system with turbo style of channel encoder to manifest medical image with high resolution with less signal strength. We conclude that Cognitive D-STTD MC-CDMA system provides reliable communication for the application of IOT and also transfer high resolution medical image with less signal strength in order to observe patient status by doctor.

A High-Security and Smart Interaction System Based on Hand Gesture Recognition for Internet of Things

In this work, we propose a vision-based hand gesture recognition system to provide a high-security and smart node in the application layer of Internet of Things. The system can be installed in any terminal device with a monocular camera and interact with users by recognizing pointing gestures in the captured images. The interaction information is determined by a straight line from the user’s eye to the tip of the index finger, which achieves real-time and authentic data communication. The system mainly contains two modules. The first module is an edge repair-based hand subpart segmentation algorithm which combines pictorial structures and edge information to extract hand regions from complex backgrounds. Second, the position which the user focuses on is located by an adaptive method of pointing gesture estimation, which adjusts the offsets between the target position and the calculated position due to lack of depth information.

HYBRID SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR DATA COMMUNICATIONS (SADC)

Communication networks and Internet had a tremendous growth in the recent past years. Today most of the government sectors, financial institutions, corporations, military and others exchange huge amount of confidential information by using the Internet Application Layer security is a growing area of concern for developers, designers, quality assurance specialist and programmers. Application security is the prevention of flaws and vulnerability that occur in the design, development, and deployment of applications that run on application layer of TCP/IP Protocol Suite. Although IPv6 both simplifies and improves IPv4, it poses several significant security challenges. First, even though IPSec support is mandatory in IPv6, its use is not. Not using IPSec exposes a network to old IP-related attacks as well as attacks related to IPv6-specific features. A working IPSec infrastructure is also difficult to deploy and manage, further reducing IPSec’s use. Some problems that affect IPv4 networks such as application-layer attacks, rogue devices and packet flooding can also affect IPv6 networks. Finally, several other new, unanticipated security problems will arise as the hacking community starts actively targeting IPv6 networks. This paper proposes new security architecture for data communication.

Proving Properties of Rich Internet Applications

We introduce application layer specifications, which allow us to reason about the state and transactions of rich Internet applications. We define variants of the state/event based logic UCTL* along with two example applications to demonstrate this approach, and then look at a distributed, rich Internet application, proving properties about the information it stores and disseminates. Our approach enables us to justify proofs about abstract properties that are preserved in the face of concurrent, networked inputs by proofs about concrete properties in an Internet setting. We conclude that our approach makes it possible to reason about the programs and protocols that comprise the Internet's application layer with reliability and generality.

Scalable Grid Resource Discovery Through Distributed Search

This paper proposes a simple and scalable web-based model for grid resource discovery for the Internet. The resource discovery model contains the metadata and resource finder web services. The information of resource finder web services is kept in the repositories that are distributed in the application layer of Internet. The resource finder web services will be discovered by sending queries to the repositories in a similar way as the DNS protocol. The underlying technology for implementation of the two architectures of this model is introduced. These architectures are: Direct and Centralized Web-Based Grid Resource Discovery. The resource discovery time is computed after simulating each of these models in GridSim. By performing scalability tests, we found that when increasing the load on the grid with more users and resources, the cost of our model in comparison to the grid resource discovery time is marginal.

A P2P Architecture to Support Mobile Real-Time Multimedia Communications

A new SIP standard based on peer to peer paradigm allows the keeping of user localization information in a decentralized way, adding flexibility to real-time mobile communications. Despite specification of terminal mobility in P2PSIP, handover procedures in transport-layer have better performance when compared with solutions in application-layer of Internet. SCTP transport protocol supports handover and a partial reliable communication service. Putting together P2PSIP and SCTP extensions, an end-to-end architecture can be proposed, aimed at the support of real-time multimedia applications with mobility requirements.

ZigBee 기반 센서 네트워크로의 유비쿼터스 접근을 위한 게이트웨이 아키텍처

본 논문에서는 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 기반 무선 센서 네트워크와 TCP/IP 기반 네트워크를 서로 연결할 수 있는 웹-센서 게이트웨이의 아키택처를 제안한다. 제안한 게이트웨이의 주요 역할은 인터넷을 통하여 센서 노드에게 질의 또는 명령을 내리고 센서 데이터를 취득하도록 도와주는 기능이다. 다만, 인터넷과 센서 네트워크의 통신 프로토콜은 서로 불통함으로 양방향 프로토콜 변환이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이 변환 기능을 두 통신 프로토콜 APP 계층 위에 위치하도록 설계하여 인터넷 어프리케이션과 ZigBee 어프리케이션이 양 방향으로 변환 될 수 있도록 하였다. CGI 프로그램을 사용하여 변환 계층을 구현하였으며 인터넷의 사용자가 언제 어디서나 웹 페이지를 열어서 검색 요청이나 명령 등을 센서 노드에 전달할 수 할 수 있는 방식을 채택하였다. 이종 네트워크 연결을 위하여 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 센서 노드에 오버레잉 하는 기법도 가능하나 구현의 복잡성, 에너지 효율, 통신 오버헤드 측면에서 제한적이다. 부족한 자원을 가진 센서 노드 환경에서는 본 논문에서 제안한 변환 기반 웹-센서 게이트웨이 방식이 이종 통신 프로토콜 연결 문제를 해결하는 비교적 효과적이며 우수한 방법임을 확인하였다. This paper investigates protocol architecture of a Web-ZigBee gateway for interconnecting TCP/IP-based networks and ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4-based wireless sensor networks. The Web-ZigBee gateway delivers data between the TCP/IP network and the ZigBee network. Since those two networks have different communication protocols, a protocol translation mechanism is needed. Herein, we propose a method to deliver query messages from the Internet to the sensor network and receive data from sensors. The protocol translation is performed in the translation layer that is placed above the two application layers, i.e., the Internet application layer and ZigBee application layer. Among various interfaces, we use CGI programming to take care of translation functions efficiently. The CGI manages query information from a client on the Internet and data from the ZigBee sensor network. Whereas the TCP/IP enabled sensor network overlays two heterogeneous communication protocols, overlaying layers increase the complexity and cost of implementing the sensor network. On the contrary, the sensors in our gateway-based system are not only light (because each communication protocol works independently without overlaying), but also efficient because the translation layer mostly alleviates header overloading.

Combined Connection Admission Control and Packet Transmission Scheduling for Mobile Internet Services

Mobile Internet access is expected to be the most popular communication service in the near future. In this paper, we investigate radio resource management for mobile Internet multimedia systems that use the orthogonal frequency division multiple access and adopt the adaptive modulation and coding technique. It is assumed that real-time (RT) service such as streaming video and best-effort (BE) services such as file transfer protocol and hypertext transfer protocol coexist in the systems. We suggest two levels of radio resource management schemes: the connection admission control (CAC) scheme at the first level and the packet transmission scheduler at the second level. The proposed scheduler does not assign higher priority to RT packets over BE packets unconditionally. Instead, only the RT packets that are close to the deadline are given higher priority. Therefore, the performance of BE services is improved at the cost of RT services. To control the performance degradation in RT services within an acceptable level, the CAC algorithm functions as a congestion controller. The combined effects of the proposed CAC and packet scheduling by using the cross-layer simulation that covers from the physical layer to the Internet application layer are evaluated. The numerical results show that the proposed schemes greatly improve the performance of BE services while maintaining the quality of video service at an acceptable level