Telemedicine Applications Research Articles

Advancements in health information technology and their role in enhancing cancer care: Innovations in early detection, treatment, and data privacy

The rapid advancement of Health Information Technology (HIT) has revolutionized cancer care, introducing new capabilities in early detection, individualized treatment, and data security. This paper reviews the key HIT innovations that have reshaped oncology, including the widespread adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic processes, and the application of telemedicine and predictive analytics to improve treatment planning. These technologies have enabled earlier and more accurate diagnoses, expanded access to care, and facilitated data-driven, personalized treatment strategies. In parallel, this review addresses the importance of safeguarding sensitive patient data, focusing on encryption, anonymization techniques, and the regulatory frameworks like HIPAA and GDPR that ensure data privacy. Finally, the paper discusses future directions for HIT, particularly the potential of AI-driven decision support systems, real-time data analytics, and privacy-enhancing algorithms to further advance cancer care, creating a more secure, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system.

Making it work for all: equity in single ventricle monitoring.

Interstage monitoring programs for single ventricle disease have been developed to reduce morbidity and mortality. There is increased use of telemedicine and mobile application monitoring. It is unknown if there are disparities in use based on patient socio-demographic factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the single ventricle monitoring program and KidsHeart application at a single centre from 4/21/2021 to 12/31/2023. We investigated the association of socio-demographic factors with telemedicine usage, mobile application enrollment and usage. We assessed resource utilisation and weight changes by program era. There were 94 children in the cohort. Patients with Norwood and ductal stent had higher mean telemedicine visits per month (1.8 visits, p = 0.004), without differences based on socio-demographic factors. There were differences in application enrollment with more Black patients enrolled compared to White patients (p = 0.016). There were less Hispanic patients enrolled than Non-Hispanic patients (p = 0.034). There were no Spaish speaking patient's enrolled (p = 0.0015). There were no patients with maternal education of less than high school enrolled and all those with maternal education of advanced degree were enrolled (p = 0.0016). There was decreased mobile application use in those from neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile. There were decreased emergency department visits with mobile application monitoring. Mean weight-for-age z-scores had increased from start to completion of the program in all eras. Differences were seen in mobile application enrollment and usage based on socio-demographic factors. Further work is needed to ensure that all patients have access to mobile application usage.

Enhancing XGBoost Classification with SVM-SMOTE & EasyEnsemble for Imbalanced Telemedicine Sentiment Data

Telemedicine is the practice of health through applications using audio, visual and data communication, including care, diagnosis, consultation and treatment as well as remote medical data exchange. Based on the results of sentiment analysis on telemedicine applications, imbalance data is often found. The purpose of this research is to identify the use of SVM-SMOTE and EasyEnsemble in improving the performance of XGBoost classification on sentiment data imbalance in Telemedicine. Identification is done by including SVM-SMOTE and EasyEnsemble methods in improving XGBoost Classification Performance using data obtained from the Halodoc application, then validation techniques will be carried out using AUC and GMeans. The results showed that the use of SVM SMOTE and EasyEnsamble for data imbalance in XGBoost obtained the best model that is feasible to use in improving the performance of imbalance classification of sentiment data in health applications.

Virtual medical astronaut avatars for future deep space missions

This paper explores the telemedicine possibilities available to astronauts during spaceflight, focusing on the possible utilization of medical avatars for continuous health monitoring. Various types and sources of telemedicine are examined, along with their applications in deep space travel to address the challenges faced by astronauts and facilitate timely intervention in case of injuries and illnesses. The use of medical avatars presents a promising solution to mitigate risks and ensure effective healthcare delivery in the absence of immediate physical medical support. Furthermore, potential terrestrial applications of telemedicine and virtual medical avatars are discussed, highlighting the wider implications and benefits beyond space exploration. By leveraging advanced technologies and innovative approaches, telemedicine in conjunction with medical avatars offers a compelling avenue for enhancing healthcare practices both in space and on Earth.

Telemedicine-based antibiotic stewardship program in pediatrics: study protocol of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial—the TeleKasper study

BackgroundOveruse and misuse of antibiotics is one of the driving factors of antimicrobial resistance, a growing global health threat. The use of antibiotics is particularly high in children. Even though the implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) in pediatrics has been shown to reduce antibiotic use, this implementation has been limited to large university hospitals in Germany. Telemedicine applications might be an effective approach to implement ASP in non-university settings.MethodsThis protocol details the TeleKasper study (Telemedical Competence Network “Antibiotic Stewardship in Pediatrics”). Tele-Kasper is a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial that will be conducted across non-university children’s hospitals in Germany. The intervention consists of a telemedical consultation service in the form of a network in different German areas, using an app as a communication tool. The primary outcome will be a 20% reduction in overall antibiotic consumption measured using defined daily doses per 100 patient days.DiscussionThe TeleKasper study aims to implement and evaluate a prototype for a nationwide antibiotic stewardship program by telemedical means in pediatric departments in non-university hospitals in Germany to promote rational antibiotic use and improve medical care for infections.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00028534. Registered on 22nd of April 2022.

Cutting into the NICU: Improvements in Outcomes for Neonates with Surgical Conditions.

The Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC), established in 2010, seeks to improve care for infants with medically and surgically complex conditions who are cared for in level IV regional children's hospital NICUs across North America. Through patient-level individual data collection, comparative benchmarking, and multicenter quality improvement work, CHNC has contributed to knowledge and improved outcomes, leveraging novel collaborations between and across institutions. Focusing on antenatal and inpatient care for infants with surgical conditions including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, we summarize the progress made in these infants' care. We highlight the ways in which CHNC has enabled multidisciplinary and multicenter collaborations through the facilitation of diagnosis-specific focus groups, which enable comparative observations of outcomes through quality improvement and research initiatives. Finally, we review the importance of postbirth hospitalization needs of these infants and the application of telemedicine in this population.

Enhanced sensitivity and broadband response in porous triple periodic minimal surface piezoresistive sensors for telemedicine applications

Wearable pressure sensors with outstanding performance have garnered significant attention in fields such as telemedicine. However, the development of sensors that achieve both adjustable high sensitivity and a wide response range remains a formidable challenge. To address these issues, we propose the development of a flexible piezoresistive sensor featuring simultaneous macro- and microstructures. This is achieved by constructing a complex macro-topological skeleton using Fused Deposition Molding (FDM) technology and integrating supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) foaming technology for microscopic pore creation. The unique conductive network structure, coupled with the Triple Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) metamaterial framework and microscopic pore architecture, endows the piezoresistive sensors with exceptional sensing performance, including high sensitivity (12.13 MPa−1), a broad response range (exceeding 30 MPa), and long-term fatigue resistance (over 26,000 s cycles). In addition, the sensors are shielded from electromagnetic interference, with a maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of 53.2 dB for the TMFM with a thickness of 2.3 mm. The effects of varying porosities and foaming pressures on sensitivity were analyzed using finite element simulations. Owing to these remarkable features, multiple foot movement recognition was successfully demonstrated with volunteer participants by assembling sensing unit array modules. Based on this, an intelligent fall warning recognition system is developed using machine learning. This system accurately distinguishes four types of activity behaviors—standing, walking, spraining foot, and falling—with accuracy rates of 98.9 %, 97.1 %, 98.9 %, and 95.1 %, respectively. The system automatically generates an alarm pattern for detected fall behaviors. These findings suggest that the combination of TPMS skeleton and micropores structure offers a promising strategy for developing sensors with adjustable sensitivity and wide detection range for wearable devices. This technology holds significant potential for applications in telemedicine assistance, particularly for the elderly and other vulnerable populations.

The Growing Diabetes Epidemic: A Primary Health Concern for Nigeria’s Diverse Population

Diabetes mellitus has become a significant public health concern in Nigeria, driven by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. With a population exceeding 200 million, Nigeria is witnessing a notable rise in diabetes prevalence, particularly Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), which is linked to urbanization, lifestyle changes, and socioeconomic transitions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diabetes epidemic in Nigeria, highlighting its epidemiology, contributing factors, health impacts, management challenges, and current strategies. The prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria is estimated at 4-5% among adults, with urban areas experiencing higher rates due to lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior and increased consumption of processed foods. Ethnic variations also play a role, with certain groups showing higher prevalence rates due to genetic and cultural factors. The rising incidence of diabetes is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and other complications, imposing a significant burden on the healthcare system and exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. Challenges in managing diabetes include limited healthcare access, financial barriers, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural beliefs. Current strategies involve national guidelines, specialized care centers, and community-based interventions, but face challenges in implementation due to resource constraints and logistical issues. Technological innovations, such as telemedicine and mobile health applications, offer promising solutions for enhancing diabetes care. Recommendations for improving diabetes management in Nigeria include strengthening healthcare infrastructure, expanding access to care, increasing public awareness, and addressing socioeconomic disparities. Future research and policy should focus on epidemiological studies, genetic research, and the integration of technology into diabetes care. By adopting a multifaceted approach and fostering collaboration among government, healthcare providers, and communities, Nigeria can better address the diabetes epidemic and improve health outcomes for its diverse population. Keywords: Diabetes; Type II Diabetes Mellitus; epidemiology; healthcare challenges; management strategies; technology, public health.

Customized surface adhesive and wettability properties of conformal electronic devices.

Conformal and body-adaptive electronics have revolutionized the way we interact with technology, ushering in a new era of wearable devices that can seamlessly integrate with our daily lives. However, the inherent mismatch between artificially synthesized materials and biological tissues (caused by irregular skin fold, skin hair, sweat, and skin grease) needs to be addressed, which can be realized using body-adaptive electronics by rational design of their surface adhesive and wettability properties. Over the past few decades, various approaches have been developed to enhance the conformability and adaptability of bioelectronics by (i) increasing flexibility and reducing device thickness, (ii) improving the adhesion and wettability between bioelectronics and biological interfaces, and (iii) refining the integration process with biological systems. Successful development of a conformal and body-adaptive electronic device requires comprehensive consideration of all three aspects. This review starts with the design strategies of conformal electronics with different surface adhesive and wettability properties. A series of conformal and body-adaptive electronics used in the human body under both dry and wet conditions are systematically discussed. Finally, the current challenges and critical perspectives are summarized, focusing on promising directions such as telemedicine, mobile health, point-of-care diagnostics, and human-machine interface applications.

Assessment of Medication Adherence Using Mobile Applications in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Scoping Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition that significantly impacts both patients and healthcare systems. The management of COPD involves various pharmacological intervention strategies, and addressing the issue of low adherence to these strategies has become a subject of significant interest. In response to this concern, there has been a shift toward utilizing telemedicine and mobile applications. The primary objective of this scoping review is to delineate the usage of mobile applications to enhance medication adherence in adult patients with COPD. This study involved a search of databases such as Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov, focusing on the literature published in English and Spanish over the last decade. The selected studies assessed interventions involving mobile applications (mobile apps) designed to improve medication adherence. Four digital aids were identified and available on online platforms, mobile apps, or both: m-PAC, myCOPD, Wellinks mHealth, and Propeller Health. Propeller Health, in particular, is an app that directly measures medication adherence through electronic medication monitors attached to participants' inhalers. Opening the app was associated with higher odds of using control medications compared to participants who did not open the app. The findings suggest that these digital interventions serve as valuable tools to enhance patient adherence to treatment. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of different digital devices, such as digital inhalers and mobile applications, that directly measure medication adherence.

Implementing telemedicine with 5G technologies in a nursing home for reducing emergency admissions– study protocol of a mixed-methods study

BackgroundBy transmitting various types of data, telemedical care enables the provision of care where physicians and patients are physically separated. In nursing homes, telemedicine has the potential to reduce hospital admissions in nonemergency situations. In this study, telemedicine devices were implemented with the new 5G mobile communications standard in selected wards of a large nursing home in Northwest Germany. The main aim of this study is to investigate which individual and organizational factors are associated with the use of telemedicine devices and how users perceive the feasibility and implementation of such devices. Moreover, it is investigated whether the telemedical devices help to reduce the number of emergency admissions.MethodsTelemedicine devices are implemented over an 18-month period using a private 5G network, and all users receive training. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods: To assess the individual and organizational factors associated with the use of telemedicine devices, survey data from employees before and after the implementation of these devices are compared. To assess the perception of the implementation process as well as the feasibility and usability of the telemedical devices, the nursing staff, physicians, medical assistants and residents are interviewed individually. Moreover, every telemedicine consultation is evaluated with a short survey. To assess whether the number of emergency admissions decreased, data from one year before implementation and one year after implementation are compared. The data are provided by the integrated dispatch centre and emergency medical services (EMS) protocols. The interview data are analysed via structured qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. Survey data are analysed using multivariable regression analysis.DiscussionLearnings from the implementation process will be used to inform future projects implementing telemedicine in care organizations, making the final telemedicine implementation and care concept available to more nursing homes and hospitals. Moreover, the study results can be used to provide use cases for appropriate and targeted application of telemedicine in nursing homes and to define the role of 5G technologies in these use cases. If the intervention is proven successful, the results will be used to promote 5G network rollout.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register – trial registration number: DRKS00030598.

Enhancing Health Wellbeing of Chronic Patient Through Digital Health; A Systematic Review of Best Nursing Practices and Lessons Learned

Background: Context: Digital health interventions have become essential instruments in contemporary medicine, providing viable means of improving patient outcomes and healthcare provision. The goal of this study is to examine the impact, difficulties, and potential future directions of digital health interventions across a range of healthcare situations by synthesizing results from 12 carefully chosen studies. Aim: This study's objective is to thoroughly examine and summarize the body of research on digital health interventions, with an emphasis on acceptance and utilization as well as implementation and efficacy. Method: Twelve pertinent papers published between 2016 and 2024 were found after a thorough search of electronic databases. Numerous digital health interventions were covered by these research, such as remote monitoring systems, telemedicine, and mobile applications. In order to find common themes, sub-themes, and patterns among the chosen research, thematic analysis was used in the data synthesis process. Results: A number of important themes emerged from the thematic analysis, including interoperability problems, patient engagement, healthcare provider acceptability, regulatory concerns, and usability issues. The sub-themes that fell under these categories emphasized the variables that affect the uptake and efficacy of digital health interventions. Conclusion: The synthesis of data emphasizes how digital health initiatives can increase clinical results, improve patient care, and streamline the delivery of healthcare. But in order to fully reap the benefits, major obstacles like interoperability problems, regulatory difficulties, and usability impediments need to be solved. The recommendations put forth aim to promote innovation and evidence-based practice in digital health by stressing user-centered design, improving digital literacy among medical practitioners, and encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration.

Multifunctional pressure and humidity sensor modulated by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds for wearable health monitoring

Breathing and urination, are vital physiological activities of the human body, continuous real-time monitoring of these physiological behaviors could offer timely feedback on an individual’s health status. However, current monitoring techniques predominantly rely on cumbersome and intricate medical apparatuses, posing challenges in adapting to the diverse requirements of multi-scenario detection. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing wearable devices capable of monitoring breathing and urination. In this work, we developed a multifunctional sensor integrating humidity and pressure sensing modes using a simple dip-coating process. By introducing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and conductive polyaniline hybrid intercalation between MXene layers, a stable conductive network is established through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions among materials. The overall electromechanical properties of the composites will be well improved. And, the effects of different conductive filler ratios and the number of dipping times on the construction of conductive networks are investigated. The multifunctional sensor exhibited improved sensing characteristics, including detecting pressures up to 532 kPa and a sensitivity of 19.58 kPa−1. Furthermore, it also demonstrates good humidity-sensing capabilities. Tests on volunteers demonstrated the potential in the detection of breathing and urination. In addition, the sensors are capable of transmitting Morse code. This interesting application will offer the possibility of normal communication for people with speech impairments. Given its utility and sustainability, the sensor has potential for applications in wearable health monitoring, intelligent life and telemedicine.

6G in medical robotics: development of network allocation strategies for a telerobotic examination system.

Healthcare systems around the world are increasingly facing severe challenges due to problems such as staff shortage, changing demographics and the reliance on an often strongly human-dependent environment. One approach aiming to address these issues is the development of new telemedicine applications. The currently researched network standard 6G promises to deliver many new features which could be beneficial to leverage the full potential of emerging telemedical solutions and overcome the limitations of current network standards. We developed a telerobotic examination system with a distributed robot control infrastructure to investigate the benefits and challenges of distributed computing scenarios, such as fog computing, in medical applications. We investigate different software configurations for which we characterize the network traffic and computational loads and subsequently establish network allocation strategies for different types of modular application functions (MAFs). The results indicate a high variability in the usage profiles of these MAFs, both in terms of computational load and networking behavior, which in turn allows the development of allocation strategies for different types of MAFs according to their requirements. Furthermore, the results provide a strong basis for further exploration of distributed computing scenarios in medical robotics. This work lays the foundation for the development of medical robotic applications using 6G network architectures and distributed computing scenarios, such as fog computing. In the future, we plan to investigate the capability to dynamically shift MAFs within the network based on current situational demand, which could help to further optimize the performance of network-based medical applications and play a role in addressing the increasingly critical challenges in healthcare.

The Impact of Digital Health on Improving Patient Outcomes

Digital health represents a paradigm shift in healthcare, bringing together cutting-edge technology such as telemedicine, wearable devices, and mobile health applications. These technologies have transformed how patients are monitored, diagnosed, and treated, resulting in more individualized care and better patient outcomes. The advancement of digital health has enabled more efficient data collecting, real-time feedback, and proactive management of chronic diseases. Despite its numerous advantages, the adoption of digital health solutions confronts hurdles such as privacy issues, technical limits, and the digital divide. This study investigates the role of digital health in improving patient outcomes, presents successful case studies, and considers potential barriers to widespread adoption. Keywords: Digital health, patient outcomes, telemedicine, wearable devices, personalized care, healthcare technology, chronic disease management.

Telemedicine for Preoperative Assessment, Surgical Appointments, and Preoperative Education in Gynecological Day Surgery: An Prospective Observational Analysis.

This study investigates the differences in the cost, time, pre-operative education and patient satisfaction levels of patients requiring a second hysteroscopic surgery using a full-service model of remote preoperative assessment, surgical appointments, and preoperative education. Forty-one patients who were proficient in the use of telemedicine platforms, planned to undergo a second hysteroscopic surgery, and selected either telemedicine (N=21) or face-to-face (N=20) models for their preoperative assessments, surgical appointments, and preoperative education were included. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. No significant demographic differences were observed between patients who used telemedicine and those who did not. The telemedicine group demonstrated significantly lower median travel time (40 min vs 205 min, P < 0.01), time spent in hospital (60 min vs 155 min, P < 0.01), meal time (0 min vs 60 min, P < 0.01), and total time spent (108 min vs 415 min, P < 0.01). Similarly, the telemedicine group had significantly lower median travel expenses (40 yuan vs 300 yuan, P < 0.01) and meal expenses (0 yuan vs 135 yuan, P < 0.01), and overall, total expenses (255 yuan vs 837 yuan, P < 0.01). 95.2% of the telemedicine group completely understood the preoperative education, compared to 100% who completely understood in the face-to-face group (P = 1.00). All patients in the telemedicine group were very satisfied compared to 80% in the face-to-face group (P = 1.00). Telemedicine may be a feasible and advantageous method for preoperative assessment, surgical appointments, and preoperative education in gynecological day surgery. The application of telemedicine has demonstrated notable time and cost efficiency with high patient satisfaction levels. Future research should explore the full potential of telemedicine in this setting and for other surgical procedures.

The Relationship between Accessibility of Telemedicine Services and Decisions on Use: A Cross-Sectional Study at X General Hospital Malang

As many as 65% of patients interviewed about telemedicine at Outpatient Hospital X in Malang Regency admitted that they were only aware of telemedicine services like Halodoc, Alodokter, Klikdokter, and the hospital's telemedicine applications, but had never directly used them. The patient acknowledges that the application menu service on several telemedicine platforms is overly complicated and challenging to navigate, particularly for patients over the age of 45. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the accessibility of telemedicine service applications and the decision to use them. In January 2023, we conducted this research at the outpatient facility of one of the hospitals in Malang Regency. This study had a total sample size of 67 patients. Researchers gathered the data through a questionnaire utilising a Likert scale, concentrating on the accessibility of telemedicine and the choices made concerning it. Researchers conducted statistical analyses using Pearson correlation. The findings revealed a significant correlation between telemedicine service accessibility and utilisation, with a significance level of 0.000, thereby validating the hypothesis. The decision to employ the telemedicine application for outpatient care is made. The hospital in Malang Regency is influenced by factors such as the ease of communication with health care providers, the clarity of their voices, the provision of diagnoses based on the patient's condition, the patient's ability to clearly see the health care provider or health worker, and the ease of using the telemedicine application itself.

The New Dimension of Surgery: Telesurgery and Surgical Nursing

In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, it has been observed that surgical patients have turned more towards telemedicine applications to meet their health care needs due to the fact that they cannot apply to hospitals unless they are mandatory and even the majority of non-urgent medical activities, including elective surgeries, are paused. Telesurgery, one of the telehealth concepts in the provision of health services, has emerged as a promising application known as remote surgery, which provides remote surgical care to patients. Today, telesurgical interventions performed away from patients using surgical robots, virtual reality applications, advanced computer and network technologies have become a rising trend in the field of surgery. It is obvious that telesurgery applications, which aim to provide high quality remote surgery with worldwide expertise, have some obstacles due to the fact that it is a very new technology. However, despite the obstacles, it is witnessed that telesurgical interventions are being successfully applied day by day thanks to different application methods. It is predicted that telesurgery, which is expected to reach and serve more patients in the future, will be more widely applied and developed with its high-speed advanced network connection, lower cost rates and reaching all over the world, even to space and the depths of the sea. When we look at the nursing practices in telesurgery, which is a new application area in the field of surgery, it is stated that positive results have been achieved, but the number of studies is still insufficient. Depending on the telesurgery technology, which is expected to develop rapidly in the coming years, it is thought that there will be a rapid increase in the number of studies on telesurgery in the field of surgical nursing. Therefore, in this review, it was aimed to clarify telesurgical interventions, which have been started to be applied by surgeons as a new trend in recent years and which is a very new and highly developed application area for nurses, and to examine the surgical nursing interventions applied in this field.

Retraction Note: Efficient medical image security and transmission using modified LZW compression and ECDH-AES for telemedicine applications

Retraction Note: Efficient medical image security and transmission using modified LZW compression and ECDH-AES for telemedicine applications

Application of telemedicine technology for cardiovascular diseases management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

Recently, the use of telemedicine technology has increased due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Cardiovascular diseases management is one of the areas that has benefited from using this technology. This study aimed to identify the applications of telemedicine for cardiovascular diseases management during the Covid-19 pandemic. This scoping study was conducted in 2023. Various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Ovid, CINAHL, ProQuest, and IEEE Xplore along with Google Scholar were searched and all related quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies published in English between 2020 and 2022 were included. Finally, the required data were extracted, and the findings were reported narratively. A total of 17 articles were included in this study. The results showed that teleconsultation via telephone and videoconferencing were the most common used technologies. Telemedicine helped to improve clinical impacts such as patient health status and quality of care, and reduced hospitalizations and re-admission rates compared to in-person visits. The non-clinical impact included reducing waiting time, in-person visits, and healthcare costs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an increased use of telemedicine technology, especially for patients with cardiovascular diseases. As teleconsultation and telemonitoring are useful for cardiovascular diseases management and regular examinations, future research should investigate how these technologies can be improved and used for a wider population.