Apple's iOS Platform Research Articles

How optimal distinctiveness shapes platform complementors' adoption of boundary resources

AbstractResearch SummaryWhat drives platform complementors to adopt boundary resources? We address this question by drawing on optimal distinctiveness. We suggest that competitors' adoption of a platform boundary resource on the one hand increases the legitimacy of the resource, but on the other hand decreases a focal complementor's ability to differentiate by adopting it. We therefore hypothesize an inverted U‐shaped relationship between prior and future adoption of a platform boundary resource. In a dataset of health and fitness apps on the Apple iOS platform and through three online experiments, we find support for this relationship and for the existence of two important complementor‐specific contingencies that moderate this relationship. This paper expands our understanding of how optimal distinctiveness drives the dynamics of platform‐mediated markets.Managerial SummaryIn platform markets, complementors face a dilemma: which of the available platform boundary resources should they adopt? We show that a focal complementor's decision to adopt a boundary resource is the result of a strategic trade‐off between the desire to be both legitimate and to be differentiated from competitors. The result is that initially many complementors adopt the boundary resource and it becomes viewed as increasingly attractive by other platform complementors. However, over time as many complementors have adopted the boundary resource, the remaining complementors begin to shy away from adopting it because they worry that doing so might hurt their ability to be differentiated on the platform. These results are shaped by the complementors' performance and how dedicated they are to the platform.

Evaluation Framework for Detecting Manipulated Smartphone Data

Ever improving technology allows smartphones to become an integral part of people's lives. The reliance on and ubiquitous use of smartphones render these devices rich sources of data. This data becomes increasingly important when smartphones are linked to criminal or corporate investigations. To erase data and mislead digital forensic investigations, endusers can manipulate the data and change recorded events. This paper investigates the effects of manipulating smartphone data on both the Google Android and Apple iOS platforms. The deployed steps leads to the formulation of a generic process for smartphone data manipulation. To assist digital forensic professionals with the detection of such manipulated smartphone data, this paper introduces an evaluation framework for detecting manipulated smartphone data. The framework uses key traces left behind as a result of the manipulation of smartphone data to construct techniques to detect the changed data. Assessment of the evaluation framework involves three distinct theoretical scenarios that involve the deletion and modification of existing data, as well as a failed attempt to insert fabricated data. The results produced by the evaluation framework suggest the framework can assist with the detection of manipulated smartphone data. The purpose of this research study was to demonstrate the manipulation of smartphone data and present an evaluation framework to detect such manipulated data.

A Unified Algorithm for Analysis and Simulation of Planar Four-Bar Motions Defined With R- and P-Joints

This paper presents a single, unified, and efficient algorithm for animating the coupler motions of all four-bar mechanisms formed with revolute (R) and prismatic (P) joints. This is achieved without having to formulate and solve the loop closure equation for each type of four-bar linkages separately. Recently, we developed a unified algorithm for synthesizing various four-bar linkages by mapping planar displacements from Cartesian space to the image space using planar quaternions. Given a set of image points that represent planar displacements, the problem of synthesizing a planar four-bar linkage is reduced to finding a pencil of generalized manifolds (or G-manifolds) that best fit the image points in the least squares sense. In this paper, we show that the same unified formulation for linkage synthesis leads to a unified algorithm for linkage analysis and simulation as well. Both the unified synthesis and analysis algorithms have been implemented on Apple's iOS platform.

Investigating the Cognitive Contribution to Basketball Behavior and Performance

This paper summarizes the results of using a sport-specific decision-making test to measure various cognitive components of decision-making in basketball players. The test is computerized and runs on the Apple iOS platform so that users can take the test using an Apple iPad at any convenient location. There are five sections in this test – Competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2) questionnaire (measures player's cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence), Corsi block-tapping task (measures player's short-term spatial memory), situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT) (measures players’ situation awareness in a basketball game), multiple choice questions on basketball knowledge (measures players’ knowledge ofbasketball rules and concepts), and lastly, a learning test that requires participants to recall and recognize basketball set plays (measures player's ability to learn and recognize set plays). Research participants took the decision-making test on the iPad (2nd generation) three times. The first test session was scheduled about a month before the start of their competition, the second test session was scheduled 0 – 2 days before their first game of the season, and the last test session was scheduled 0 – 2 days before their last game of the season. The first group of research participants completed all three sessions in February 2013. This paper analyzes the results obtained from this group of participants over the three test sessions.

Mobile insecurities multiply

Security issues with mobile devices have been hitting the headlines again. And this time, not only is it not just trojanised apps for Android, it's also the Apple iOS platform that is the target of attackers.

Incorporating Green Chemistry Concepts into Mobile Chemistry Applications and Their Potential Uses

Green Chemistry related information is generally proprietary, and papers on the topic are commonly behind pay walls that limit their accessibility. Several new mobile applications (apps) have been recently released for the Apple iOS platform, which incorporate green chemistry concepts. Because of the large number of people who now own a mobile device across all demographics, this population represents a highly novel way to communicate green chemistry, which has not previously been appreciated. We have made the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute (ACS GCI) Pharmaceutical Roundtable Solvent Selection Guide more accessible and have increased its visibility by creating a free mobile app for the Apple iOS platform called Green Solvents. We have also used this content for molecular similarity calculations using additional solvents to predict potential environmental and health categories, which could help in solvent selection. This approach predicted the correct waste or health class for over 60%...

Wireless cracking: there's an app for that

Recent advances in the graphics processor power – and software that exploits that processor power – mean that it is now possible to assemble a Windows PC capable of brute force password cracking at speeds of several million attempts every second. And network scanning and cracking tools are now even making it on to smartphones and tablets. Recent advances in processor power mean that it is now possible to assemble a Windows PC capable of brute force password cracking at speeds of several million attempts every second. And network scanning and cracking tools are now even making it on to smartphones and tablets. Most app-based tools for network reconnaissance and enumeration are available on the Android platform, although there are useful apps on Apple's iOS platform too. Steve Gold looks at the current state of the technology, tries out a couple of the apps and shows how useful they can be to the security researcher or penetration tester.