Appearance Of Strength Research Articles

The "Strong Black Woman" Paradox: Insights from a Cohort of Black Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients and Family Members.

The strong Black woman (SBW) stereotype can be seen as a positive view of Black women and even a standard to uphold. SBW internalization is a coping mechanism for dealing with racism and sexism. However, multiple recent studies have indicated that Black women in the modern era experience the paradox of SBW internalization having negative generational health effects. We interviewed Black women with a personal or relation diagnosis of breast or ovarian cancer to understand their views and experiences, including how the perception of the SBW stereotype influenced their care. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone or video conference and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for iterative themes related to cancer care and psychosocial support. Sixty-one Black women completed an interview. Responses in multiple transcripts expressed experiences and sentiments consistent with the SBW stereotype, including the importance of maintaining the appearance of strength during their cancer journey. This resulted in some patients declining assistance during their cancer journeys. Participants shared a hope that there would be more willingness to show vulnerability so that future generations of cancer patients receive adequate support. Key aspects of the SBW stereotype were also cited as potential contributors to ongoing racial disparities in breast and ovarian cancer outcomes. Participants described a paradox of the SBW stereotype that is ultimately detrimental to health and wellbeing. Healthcare professionals and cancer researchers should be aware of this phenomenon to address cancer care more appropriately in Black women.

Navigating the Globalization Dilemma: Democratic Pressure and the Making of U.S. Inward Foreign Direct Investment Policy in the 1970s

Abstract:The tension between democratic institutions and the project to integrate international markets for trade and investment has been an enduring feature of the contemporary era of globalization. This article analyzes how officials in the executive branch navigated this tension in the making of inward foreign direct investment policy during the 1970s. Based on recently declassified archival sources, it traces how top officials in the Ford administration decided to establish a new interagency committee in order to appear responsive to congressional pressure and still leave its “open door” investment policy intact. Yet this measure only marked the first step in resolving their political dilemma. Lower-level functionaries then had to manage the problem of how to give the new committee the appearance of strength while also maximizing its discretion to be weak. Overall, this article contributes the first comprehensive account of both phases of the policy-making process using new archival evidence.

Counter-monumentality and the vulnerability of memory

Monuments have been a staple of archaeology since the beginning of the discipline and have been used as case-studies for a diverse range of topics. In recent years, monuments have been considered particularly often in studies of social memory. By materializing memorial ambitions, however, the creation of monuments provides a venue for collective memories to be challenged. Despite their outward appearance of strength and permanence, monuments additionally render the memory of their creators vulnerable and open to contestation. In particular, the practice of counter-monumentality, or active and deliberate interventions in traditional monuments, illustrates how the erection of monuments exposes the inherent fragility of memory. Examples from the present and the past demonstrate these points: a statue of Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson in Baltimore, Maryland, and a corpus of monumental statues from southeastern Anatolian and northern Syria during the Iron Age.

Globalization Before Globalization: Niels Bukh and the American Connection

This article is about a man who was one of the best known Danes abroad in the 1930s. His name was Niels Bukh, and from 1920 on he built an imposing gymnastics school in the small town of Ollerup on South Funen. His team of young elite gymnasts demonstrated his gymnastics on several continents – in the East, in North and South America, in Africa and in many European countries. For instance Bukh's gymnasts gave demonstrations in the US in 1923 and 1926 and at the World Exhibition in New York in 1939. In several dictatorships too there was great enthusiasm about Bukh's gymnastics, not least because the strict discipline, endurance and appearance of strength of the gymnasts seemed promising for military purposes, as was especially evident from the interest Bukh's gymnastics enjoyed in several South American states during his tour in 1938. Bukh's gymnastics could help totalitarian regimes to create a young generation typified by straightness, dynamism and endurance. The perception that the Bukh gymnasts almost merged into one organism in their synchronized movements was used by the regimes, especially with the young, as a symbol of order, discipline and national unity in countries like the South American dictatorships, but not in pluralistic and democratic states like the US and Canada, where interest in the country's own youth education quite overshadowed the skills of the Bukh gymnasts.

Balancing between mental vulnerability and strength in daily life when suffering from eating difficulties*

The aim of this study was to explore the daily life experiences of women who suffer from eating difficulties (ED). The research question was: what mental challenges related to daily life are experienced by women who suffer from ED? ED challenge the daily lives of individuals and their families. The problem is often concealed, and the individuals concerned frequently experience guilt and shame. An explorative design was used. Five women participated in a group programme focusing on experiences of ED, guilt and shame, being a mother and self-expression. Data were collected using focus group interviews and analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. The main theme Balancing between mental vulnerability and strength comprised three themes: (1) Struggling with emotional ambivalence; (2) Being cognitively aware of limitations; and (3) Experiencing an existential sense of being lost and frozen. The mental challenges were strong and affected the participants' lives. One clinical implication for psychiatric nurses is to acknowledge the strength of emotional, cognitive and existential challenges and make it possible for patients to articulate their exhaustion in spite of their outward appearance of strength.

“An Appearance of Strength.” The Fortifications of Louisbourg, Volumes 1 and 2. Bruce W. Fry. Studies in Archaeology, Architecture, and History, National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Quebec, 1984. 214 pp., appendices, glossary, selected bibliography (vol. 1); 212 pp., illustrations (vol. 2). $23.00 (in Canada); $27.50 (outside Canada) a set.

“An Appearance of Strength.” The Fortifications of Louisbourg, Volumes 1 and 2. Bruce W. Fry. Studies in Archaeology, Architecture, and History, National Historic Parks and Sites Branch, Parks Canada, Quebec, 1984. 214 pp., appendices, glossary, selected bibliography (vol. 1); 212 pp., illustrations (vol. 2). $23.00 (in Canada); $27.50 (outside Canada) a set.

Fry, Bruce W. "An appearance of strength": The Fortifications of Louisbourg "Un air de fort": Les fortifications de Louisbourg

Fry, Bruce W. <i>"An appearance of strength": The Fortifications of Louisbourg</i> <i>"Un air de fort": Les fortifications de Louisbourg</i>

Pluralistic Ignorance and the Spiral of Silence: A Formal Analysis

Do PEOPLE accurately perceive public opinion? The of and pluralistic ignorance are theories that draw on psychological principles of perception, communication, and certainty to answer this question. The theory of the spiral of silence states that one's perception of the distribution of public opinion motivates one's willingness to express political opinions. The act of self-expression, however, changes the global environment of opinion, altering the perceptions of other persons and, ultimately, affecting their willingness to express their own opinions. Because individuals monitor their social environment as one cue to opinion and action, opinions with visible adherents appear to be more widely held than they are in fact. The appearance of strength becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy; those who think they are in the majority are more willing to speak out, those who think they are in the minority have an extra incentive to remain silent. The description of the plight of those who believe they are in the minority gives the name to this theory: the spiral of silence (Noelle-Neumann 1974; 1977; 1979). In recent writings on this theory, Noelle-Neumann emphasizes the importance of this phenomenon for

The Politics of Canonization in the Thirteenth Century: Lay and Mendicant Saints

In the thirteenth century the Roman papacy, despite an outward appearance of strength, faced a severe struggle for survival. Within Catholic Europe itself, the Hohenstaufen and their allies questioned clerical prerogatives and, as a result, often suffered excommunication and anathema. In southern France and northern Italy the alarming growth of heresy threatened to detach a significant area of Europe from allegiance to Rome. Simultaneously, a Mongol army menaced Europe's eastern flank, while the Crusader states were soon to fall again into Moslem hands. In Italy papal involvement in communal politics fanned suspicion and distrust of clerical motives. Within the church itself, debate raged between conservatives and radicals, contemplative and active orders, concerning the best means of combatting these threats while fulfilling the Christian Gospel.