Appearance Of Different Forms Research Articles

Proteoglycans and Diseases of Soft Tissues.

Proteoglycans consist of protein cores to which at least one glycosaminoglycan chain is attached. They play important roles in the physiology and biomechanical function of tendons, ligaments, cardiovascular system, and other systems through their involvement in regulation of assembly and maintenance of extracellular matrix, and through their participation in cell proliferation together with growth factors. They can be divided into two main groups, small and large proteoglycans. The small proteoglycans are also known as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) which are encoded by 18 genes and are further subclassified into Classes I-V. Several members of Class I and II, such as decorin and biglycan from Class I, and Class II fibromodulin and lumican, are known to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis. Decorin limits the diameter of collagen fibrils during fibrillogenesis. The function of biglycan in fibrillogenesis is similar to that of decorin. Though biomechanical function of tendon is compromised in decorin-deficient mice, decorin can substitute for lack of biglycan in biglycan-deficient mice. New data also indicate an important role for biglycan in disorders of the cardiovascular system, including aortic valve stenosis and aortic dissection. Two members of the Class II of SLRPs, fibromodulin and lumican bind to the same site within the collagen molecule and can substitute for each other in fibromodulin- or lumican-deficient mice.Aggrecan and versican are the major representatives of the large proteoglycans. Though they are mainly found in the cartilage where they provide resilience and toughness, they are present also in tensile portions of tendons and, in slightly different biochemical form in fibrocartilage. Degradation by aggrecanase is responsible for the appearance of different forms of aggrecan and versican in different parts of the tendon where these cleaved forms play different roles. In addition, they are important components of the ventricularis of cardiac valves. Mutations in the gene for versican or in the gene for elastin (which binds to versican ) lead to severe disruptions of normal developmental of the heart at least in mice.

Myocardial Injury and the Release of Troponins I and T in the Blood of Patients.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cTnT are the established biomarkers of cardiomyocyte damage and the recommended biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI). High-sensitivity immunochemical diagnostic systems are able to measure the cTn concentrations in the blood of a majority of healthy people. At the same time, the concentration of cTn may be increased not only after MI but also because of other pathologies that might affect myocardium. This effect reduces the clinical specificity of cTn for MI and may complicate the diagnosis. This review summarizes the existing information regarding the causes and mechanisms that lead to the increase of cTn concentration in blood and the forms of cTn that are present in circulation after MI or other types of myocardial injury. Different etiologies of disease associated with increases of cTn above the 99th percentile and various mechanisms of troponin release from myocardium could result in the appearance of different forms of cTn in blood and provide the first clinical evidence of injury. Additional research is needed for the careful characterization of cTn forms that are present in the blood in different clinical settings. That knowledge may lead to the development of immunochemical systems that would differentiate certain forms of troponins and possibly certain types of cardiac disease.

Ameliorative effects of melatonin against solid Ehrlich carcinoma progression in female mice.

The current work estimated the antitumour efficacy of melatonin (MLT) on the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells inoculated intramuscularly into the hind limbs of female BALB/c mice and to compare its effects with those of adriamycin (ADR). After solid tumours developed, the animals were divided into the three following groups: the tumour-bearing control, MLT-treated (20mg/kg body weight) and ADR-treated (10mg/kg body weight) groups. The results showed a significant reduction in the tumour masses of the treated animals in comparison with those of the control group. There were a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde level and a significant elevation of the glutathione concentration and the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the MLT and ADR groups. The current study indicated the increased expression levels of P53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the decreased expression levels of the rRNA and Bcl2. The MLT and ADR treatments resulted in histological changes, such as a marked degenerative area, the necrosis of neoplastic cells, the appearance of different forms of apoptotic cells and giant cells with condensed chromatin, and a deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm. The MLT and ADR treatments also significantly decreased the Ki-67 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels in the tumour masses. In conclusion, similar to ADR-treated tumour-bearing mice, MLT suppressed the growth and proliferation of tumour by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting tumour vascularization. The current data recommend MLT as a safe natural chemotherapeutic adjuvant to overcome cancer progression after a clinical trial validates these results.

STUDY ON THE PERCEPTION OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE BY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

The world we live in is invaded by aggression because of the articles full of violence but especially because of the books propelling violence. In this context, the appearance of different forms of violence in school environment seems almost a fatality and becomes, often, an ordinary thing, that fellows coexist with, without even longer sense the danger. Even if it represents a delicate problem, taking possession of violence phenomenon cannot be done unless are known its causes, origins, manifestation forms and prevent possibilities. The problem of violence in schools can and must become a reflection theme for all those involved in the educational act. Especially since the school has, we believe, important resources for creating preventing violence programs and for breaking the vicious circle of violence in the school environment.

Optional Endoreplication and Selective Elimination of Parental Genomes during Oogenesis in Diploid and Triploid Hybrid European Water Frogs.

Incompatibilities between parental genomes decrease viability of interspecific hybrids; however, deviations from canonical gametogenesis such as genome endoreplication and elimination can rescue hybrid organisms. To evaluate frequency and regularity of genome elimination and endoreplication during gametogenesis in hybrid animals with different ploidy, we examined genome composition in oocytes of di- and triploid hybrid frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex. Obtained results allowed us to suggest that during oogenesis the endoreplication involves all genomes occurring before the selective genome elimination. We accepted the hypothesis that only elimination of one copied genome occurs premeiotically in most of triploid hybrid females. At the same time, we rejected the hypothesis stating that the genome of parental species hybrid frogs co-exist with is always eliminated during oogenesis in diploid hybrids. Diploid hybrid frogs demonstrate an enlarged frequency of deviations in oogenesis comparatively to triploid hybrids. Typical for hybrid frogs deviations in gametogenesis increase variability of produced gametes and provide a mechanism for appearance of different forms of hybrids.

Specific IgG4: Possible Role in the Pathogenesis and a New Marker in the Diagnosis of Anisakis‐associated Allergic Disease

IgG4 and IgE are immunoglobulin isotypes which are mediated by the same Th2-mediated mechanism. The postulated pathogenic and protective function of IgE or IgG4, respectively, in allergic disease is opposite in parasitic infection. The possible role of IgG4 against recombinant major allergens on the appearance of different forms of Anisakis simplex-associated allergic disease was studied. Gastro-allergic anisakiasis (GAA) and Anisakis-sensitization-associated chronic urticaria (CU+) were compared for specific IgE, IgG4 and the respective recognition of Ani s 1 and Ani s 7. Gastro-allergic anisakiasis showed higher IgE and IgG4 levels against crude extract and both recombinant allergens. Whereas IgE recognition of Ani s 7 did not differ and supports both clinical entities to be associated with previous acute parasitism, the IgE recognition rates of Ani s 1 and IgG4 recognition of both Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 were higher in GAA. IgG4 levels were associated with IgE, but also with age, time to last parasitic episode and frequency of fish intake. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of specific IgG4 against Ani s 7 was an independent marker associated with GAA. In the diagnosis of Anisakis-associated allergic disease phenotypes (GAA versus CU+), measurement of specific IgG4 against recombinant allergens could be useful. Further, evaluation of specific IgE and IgG4 facilitates more insight into the protective versus pathogenic potential of IgE and IgG4.

EPA-0608 – Prayer as preventing factor of social excluding of young people

of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performing on mental stability and health of adolescents, in order that how these may have influenced on preventing of their social excluding. The sample was consisted from 240 mentally and physically healthy secondary school adolescents of both genders, of age 15–18 years, equal in regard of school achievements, conduct, family structure and level of exposure to psychosocial distress. Participants were assessed in regard of regularity and frequency of prayer performing. Personality profile was assessed with Freiburg questionnaire of personality. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 10.00 program; we used Pearson's correlation test ( r ). indicated that regularity of prayer performing and earlier acquired basic instruction about prayer was in positive correlation with mental stability during adolescence, particularly among boys. Performing of Namazs engages physical, mental and spiritual potentials of personality on individual and also on social plan; so it helps that developmental potentials direct to the way of forming emotionally more stabile person and in that way these will diminish risk of appearance of different forms of unadjusted behavior, in other words these preventing social excluding of young people.

Thermal characterization and kinetic analysis of non-isothermal decomposition process of Bauxite red mud. Estimation of density distribution function of the apparent activation energy

Thermal characterization and kinetic analysis of non-isothermal decomposition process of Bauxite red mud were carried out using thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the investigated decomposition was a complex heterogeneous process, which included two main decomposition stages and one sub-stage. The overall decomposition process consisted of the series of parallel and competitive reactions, which originated from the decomposition of various chemical species and solid-state transformations. This behavior was confirmed by the appearance of different forms of density distribution functions of apparent activation energy values. Furthermore, the conversion range of 0.10≤α≤0.30, with a constant value of the apparent activation energy (146.4kJmol−1) for the second stage of the overall process, belongs to calcite decomposition, which takes place through a two-dimensional diffusion mechanism.

Influence of environmental conditions on the expression and the maturation process of the Clostridium difficile surface associated protease Cwp84

Expression of the Clostridium difficile protease gene, cwp84, was moderately up-regulated by decreasing pH due to glucose metabolism. Purification under different pH conditions influenced the proteolytic process of Cwp84. Given this, acidic pH could favor the appearance of different forms of Cwp84 that may have different roles during the infection.

Variable and multiple expression of Protease Nexin-1 during mouse organogenesis and nervous system development

Protease Nexin-1 (PN-1) also known as Glia-Derived Nexin (GDN) inhibits the activity of several serine proteases including thrombin, tissue (tPA)- and urokinase (uPA)-type plasminogen activators. These and other serine proteases seem to play roles in development and tissue homeostasis. To gain insight into where and when PN-1 might counteract serine protease activities in vivo, we examined its mRNA and protein expression in the mouse embryo, postnatal developing nervous system and adult tissues. These analyses revealed distinct temporal and spatial PN-1 expression patterns in developing cartilage, lung, skin, urogenital tract, and central and peripheral nervous system. In the embryonic spinal cord, PN-1 expression occurs in cells lining the neural canal that are different from the cells previously shown to express tPA. In the developing postnatal brain, PN-1 expression appears transiently in many neuronal cell populations. These findings suggest a role for PN-1 in the maturation of the central nervous system, a phase that is accompanied by the appearance of different forms of PN-1. In adults, few distinct neuronal cell populations like pyramidal cells of the layer V in the neocortex retained detectable levels of PN-1 expression. Also, mRNA and protein levels did not correspond in adult spleen and muscle tissues. The widespread and complex regulation of PN-1 expression during embryonic development and, in particular, in the early postnatal nervous system as well as in adult tissues suggests multiple roles for this serine protease inhibitor in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis.

Thin CdS platelets ? a model case for the study and optimization of thermally induced absorptive and dispersive optical bistability

Thermally induced optical bistability of thin CdS platelets is shown to be a highly suitable model case for the study of interactions between absorptive and dispersive switching mechanisms. Beyond previous studies concerning this type of bistability, systematic investigations were necessary to obtain a set of optimization criteria concerning a desired hysteresis feature. Despite the fact that thermally induced bistability of CdS may exhibit too long switching times for application in optoelectronics, it is a valuable system for the investigation of general features of bistable processes in a very detailed manner and for the development of reliable quantitative models. The appearance of different forms of thermally induced optical bistability in CdS is discussed in dependence of switching power, temperature, shallow-impurity concentration, and of system as well as of sample configuration.

Intrapulmonale Veränderungen bei M. Hodgkin

The spectrum of intrapulmonary findings of Hodgkin's disease is illustrated by 75 pulmonary episodes of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease (duration of illness up to 14 years). Both the typical and frequent, as well as the rare pulmonary manifestations are discussed. We analysed the time correlation between pulmonary changes and clinical manifestations, and the effect of therapy. This retrospective investigation showed that more than 55% of the observed 75 pulmonary episodes have been diagnosed correctly by the initial radiological examination. By simultaneous appearance of different forms of disease propagation, sideeffect of therapy and superimposed diseases, diagnosis may be impaired.

USE OF THE BIOGRAPHICAL METHOD IN THE STUDY OF MOTOR COORDINATION

In the early biographical studies of babies, reports are given of the age at which certain motor abilities, such as sitting, standing, etc., occurred in the individual babies studied. The recent experimental studies of motor development, carried out on large groups of babies as contrasted with single cases used for the biographical studies, have shown slightly different average ages for the appearance of different forms of motor coordination. It therefore seemed to the writers that it would be interesting to compare the two types of studies to see how they agree to differ.