Appearance Of Clots Research Articles

Design and analysis of the performance of a mechanical system used to reduce of blood clots for long- term patients

A simplified mechanical system was designed that is capable of moving patients’ legs(foot+ leg + thigh), which are easily attached to the arms of the system after applying a rotating torque and work to stimulate their blood circulation, which prevents or reduces the appearance of clots in the vessels and deep veins, especially in the area of one of the legs and rarely in both. This study was conducted on several patients, amounting to (176) patients, with ages ranging from 35 to 80 years. They were divided into two age groups: Category (A) for ages over 60 years, numbering (25), and Category (B) for ages under 60 years, number (40). Patients and each group were divided into two groups, a control group and an examination group, after excluding a number of patients amounting to (58) patients because they were taking diluted treatments, which would prevent the results from appearing or would not help in giving accurate results. A number of patients were also excluded, amounting to (53) patients. Because they did not want to continue working on the mechanical system or because they left the hospital based on their wish, (D-dimer test) were performed and measurment temperatures in the the area where clots occur on the patients under study after dividing each age group into two groups, examiner and control, with numbers of 16.and9 patients for the first group and 30 and 10 for the second group, respectively. These results were analyzed after comparing the control and test groups.

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria hsp65 in Relation to Bovine Subclinical Mastitis and IL6 Concentration in Cow's Milk.

Mastitis is a condition in which the mammary tissue becomes inflamed. Changes in color and the appearance of clots, as well as increases in cell counts in the milk, are all indicators of inflammation. Mastitis is a common occurrence in cows as a result of inframammary infections. The present study aimed to find out how often nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM) mastitis occurs and how hp65 affects Interleukin (IL) 6 concentrations. The findings of the Modified Whiteside Test (MWT) on the milk samples from 70 cows, 50 sheep, and 30 goats revealed that 82.9%, 76.7%, and 46.7% of milk samples from cows, sheep, and goats were positive, respectively. This test demonstrated a range of positive milk sample MWT reactions, and the difference among the current positivity score results was statistically significant (P<0.05). The presence of NTM in analyzed milk samples from cows and sheep was confirmed by hsp65-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing, with significant differences (P<0.05) in 71.4% and 20% of milk samples from cows and sheep, respectively. The PCR detection of the NTM hsp65 gene in fecal samples from cows, sheep, and goats indicated that cows (80%) had the highest proportion of NTM hsp65 gene amplification, followed by goats (70%), while sheep fecal samples had the lowest amount (22%). The difference among the positive NTM hsp65-based PCR was statistically significant (P<0.05). The phylogenetic tree and sequence analysis of the hsp65 gene revealed two novel variant NTM hsp65 genes that were deposited in Gene Bank (GenBank acc. LC636294 and LC636295). The current examined NTM Hsp65 Mycobacterium sequences which were included in the Mycobacterium avium clade in the currently produced tree ELISA detection of IL6 concentration in cow's milk revealed that IL-6 concentration in mastitis milk was varied. The mean of IL-6 concentration in cow's mastitis milk with MWT scores (+++ve) and mean of IL6 concentration in each MWT scores (++ve), MWT scores (+ve), and -ve MWT cow's milk had a highly significant difference (P<0.001).

Selecting the Appropriate First-Line Strategy Based on Hyperdense Vessel Sign in Acute Ischemic Stroke Increases First Pass Recanalization: A Tertiary Center Experience.

Background: The data pertaining to selecting an optimal first-line strategy (stent retriever [SR] vs. contact aspiration [CA]) based on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) in cases of acute ischemic stroke consequent to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is lacking. Aims: This article studies the influence of hyperdense vessel sign (HVS) in selecting optimal first-line strategy, with intention of increasing first-pass recanalization (FPR). Methods: Upfront approach at our center is SR technique with rescue therapy (CA) adoption consequent to three failed SR attempts to achieve successful recanalization. Data of patients with acute LVO who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from June 2017 to May 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into HVS (+) and HVS (−) cohort. Rate of successful recanalization (first pass, early, and final) and efficacy of rescue therapy was assessed between the two cohorts. Results: Of 52 patients included, 28 and 24 were assigned to the HVS (+) and HVS (−) cohort, respectively. FPR was observed in 50% of HVS (+) and 20.9% of HVS (−) ( p = 0.029). Early recanalization was documented in 64.2% of HVS (+) and 37.5% of HVS (−) ( p = 0.054). Rescue therapy need was higher in patients not demonstrating HVS ( p = 0.062). Successful recanalization was achieved with rescue therapy in 50% of HVS (−) group. Conclusion: A higher FPR is achievable following individualized first-pass strategy (based on NCCT appearance of clot), instead of a generalized SR first-pass approach. This CT imaging-based strategy is a step closer to achieving primary angiographic goal of FPR.

Unusual Appearance of Clot in the Left Atrium

A 73-year-old man had experienced episodes of palpitations for more than 1 year. The palpitations occurred when the patient was in a supine position and they were not related to exertion. They were not associated with syncope or chest pain. The cardiac workup included a Holter monitor that showed a predominantly sinus rhythm with premature atrial contractions and several episodes of nonsustained atrial tachycardia. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a left atrial mass. A transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the presence of an echodensity attached to the posterior aspect of the left atrium that measured 1.4 × 1.5 cm with calcium in the mass (Fig 1).

The effects of additional carbohydrate in the coiled‐coil region of fibrinogen on polymerization and clot structure and properties: characterization of the homozygous and heterozygous forms of fibrinogen Lima (Aα Arg141→Ser with extra glycosylation)

Fibrinogen Lima is an abnormal fibrinogen with an Aalpha Arg141-->Ser substitution resulting in an extra N-glycosylation at Aalpha Asn139, which seems to be responsible for the impairment of fibrin polymerization. We have studied the polymerization and properties of clots made from both plasma and purified fibrinogen of both the homozygous and heterozygous forms. The clot permeation studies with both plasma and purified protein revealed a normal flux through the network for the heterozygous form but very decreased permeation in the homozygous form. Consistent with turbidity results, the clot network of the homozygous form, seen by scanning electron microscopy, was tight and composed of thin fibers, with many branch points, while the appearance of clots from the heterozygous form was similar to that of control clots, but in both cases the fibers were more curved than those of control clots. The rheological properties of clots from the homozygous form were also altered, with rigidity being increased in plasma clots, but decreased in the purified system, a consequence of the balance between numbers of branch points and fiber curvature. From these results it seems that the extra carbohydrate moiety, located in the alpha coiled-coil region close to the betaC domains, impairs the protofibril lateral association process, giving rise to thinner, more curved fibers, with the structural anomalies being most pronounced in the clots from the homozygous plasma. These studies support a model for fibrin polymerization in which the betaC-betaC interactions are involved in lateral aggregation.

Detection of Clinical Mastitis by Changes in Electrical Conductivity of Foremilk Before Visible Changes in Milk

Mastitis was induced by the direct infusion of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis into the mammary gland of lactating cows. Changes in electrical conductivity of foremilk indicated the establishment of bacteria, increased SCC, increased clotting of milk, and, hence, disease in advance of visible changes in the milk that could be diagnosed by a herdsperson. Clinical mastitis was detectable by changes in electrical conductivity of foremilk, 90% of cases were detectable when clots first appeared in foremilk, and 55% of cases were detectable up to 2 milkings prior to the appearance of clots. All subclinical infections from Staph. aureus were detected, but subclinical infections from Strep. uberis were not detected. The result suggested that clinical mastitis caused by these two major pathogens could e detected earlier by measuring changes in electrical conductivity of milk than by waiting for a herdsperson to detect visible changes in milk. Earlier detection would permit earlier treatment. However, the hand-held sensor used in this experiment is impractical for commercial application, and reliable automated sensors and decision-making algorithms are required.

Ischemia of the Femoral Head in Perthesʼ Disease

We examined selected parameters of the clotting and fibrinolytic system of 26 boys with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and then evaluated the pressure of the fluid in the cavity of the hip joint with the help of ultrasonic examination. No disturbances were discovered in the coagulation system and ultrasonography ruled out the possibility that extravascular pressure had caused the necrosis. We confirmed a significantly greater level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in comparison with the control group, which may indicate a decrease in fibrinolytic activity and confirm the hypothesis that there is an intravascular pre-disposition towards the appearance of clots in the vascular system of the femoral head in patients with Perthes' disease.

Effect of motion on the sonographic and magnetic resonance patterns of ageing blood.

The sonographic appearance of a hematoma may be affected by various factors, including the age of the hematoma. The effect of mechanical motion on the echogenicity and histologic appearance, and on the proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of blood clots, was studied in vitro for up to 21 days. All clots were of similar echogenicity and microscopic appearance during the first 2 days. The minimally disturbed clots were sonolucent from day 4 onwards, whereas moderate mechanical disturbance changed the microscopic structure of the blood clots and caused them to retain their echogenicity. Proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of both minimally disturbed and vigorously manipulated blood samples showed a rapid shortening of T1 and a less marked decrease of T2 between days 1 and 4, which was independent of mechanical motion. The ultrasonic appearance reflected the histologic appearance but not necessarily the age of the clot. The magnetic resonance (MR) parameters T1 and to a lesser extent T2 accurately reflected the age of the clot during the first 6 days. Although relatively gentle motion caused a large change in the ultrasonic appearance of the clots, vigorous shaking did not affect the magnetic resonance appearance of human blood clots.

Society for Pediatric Radiology John Caffey Award. MR appearance of blood and blood products: an in vitro study.

There are conflicting reports on the appearance of blood and blood clot as seen in the human body by MRI. This study was designed to show the in vitro MR signal intensity of human blood products in the fresh state and to evaluate the serial MRI changes that occur over time (2 weeks). T1 relaxation times were also measured. Anticoagulated whole blood, plasma, serum, white blood cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, lysed red cells, red cell concentrates, and blood clot were studied. The results show that plasma and serum have similar T1 values, as do lysed and intact erythrocytes. T1 of serum and plasma rose initially and then fell with the aging of the samples. T1 of red blood cells, clot, and packed red blood cells decreased for the first 48 hr and then remained constant for 7 days before increasing to the initial values by 2 weeks. Platelets and white blood cells had little influence on the MR image. However, temperature had a significant effect on T1 and signal intensity. In vivo clots are complex mixtures of whole clot, lysing clot, serum, and plasma influenced in various ways by the adjacent normal or diseased tissues. The chemical and physical properties of the mixture change constantly. Because of the clot's complex nature, determining the age of a hematoma from the appearance of clots on the MR image may not be possible.

Experiments On The Transmission of Streptococcus Agalactiae Infection by Milking with Infected Hands

Summary Milk infected with Sir. agalactiae type IlIa was smeared on to the teats, of a herd, of 18 cows immediately before each milking, for a period of 15 weeks. During this time bacteriological and other examinations were made five rimes weekly. The herdconsisted of seven first calved heifers,five second calvers, none of which had previously shown Str. agalactiae , arid six older cows, five of which had previously shown infection with Str. agalactia and had been cured. Twenty-seven quarters of twelve cows became infected and by the twelfth to 15th week the clinical and other effects simulated those of a severe outbreak of Str. agalactiae mastitis in the field. All the older cows readily became infected with the Str. agalactiae present in the secretion used. The first calf heifers were relatively resistant, although towards the end of the experiment two became infected. The second calvers were intermediate in resistance. The difference in susceptibility of resistance was shown in respect of time and of the proportions of cows and quarters infected. Results indicated that Str. agalactiae persisted equally well on the outside of the teats of susceptible and resistant cows. The question is discussed whether the greater susceptibility of the older cows was a function of their age or due to an inherent susceptibility which accounted for their infection in the previous one or two lactations. Data are provided to show the relation between infection and appearance of clots and the relation between results of direct plating and enrichment. The association of previous infection with other organisms or of non-specific abnormalities with susceptibility to subsequent Str. agalactiae infection is discussed.