Appearance Of Anxiety Research Articles

Association of anxiety and depression with breast implant illness syndrome (BII): a prospective observational cross-sectional study

Introduction: Breast Implant Illness syndrome (BII), popularly known as “silicone disease”, has no defined pathophysiology or recognition by the WHO. It consists of systemic symptoms such as joint pain, muscle pain, confusion, memory loss/cognitive problems, chronic fatigue, and immune diseases. In some more recent studies, anxiety and depression have been observed as an incident characteristic of the syndrome. Objective: It was to relate the appearance of anxiety and depression pathologies with the development of Breast Implant Illness syndrome in women with breast implants. Methods: To prepare the following prospective observational cross-sectional study, 132 women who had breast implants were interviewed and answered an online questionnaire with 18 questions about the breast implant that was disseminated through social networks. To obtain the data, questions about pre-operative and post-operative signs and symptoms were crossed, this data was subsequently struck and finally, another cross was carried out with the other unknown, symptoms were diagnosed by doctors. Results: The validation analysis of the questionnaire proposed in this study using Cronbach's alpha (α) statistical technique showed that the reliability rating was high, with alpha (α)=0.82. It was noted that 31% of women who did not have any characteristic signs and symptoms presented after placement and of these 22 women were diagnosed by doctors. And at the other intersection, it was clear that 25% presented depression after the placement of the breast implant and 23 of these women were diagnosed by doctors. Conclusion: It can be stated that anxiety and depression are pathologies associated with Breast Implant Illness syndrome.

Exploring the Complexities of Adolescent Appearance Anxiety: A Comprehensive Analysis

People’s concern for appearance is almost instinct, and pursuing beauty is a universal human behavior. However, the pervasive emphasis on appearance and the singularity of beauty standards has become the prevailing cultural trend, impacting everyone. Teenagers exposed to this cultural trend are more likely to develop appearance anxiety. Current research has progressively shifted its focus toward the concern of appearance anxiety, categorizing it within the realms of anxiety disorders and depression. This classification places the appearance of anxiety within the broader discussion surrounding psychological disorders. In this article, we will discuss the formation and impact of adolescent appearance anxiety from different perspectives. Personal, familial, and societal factors will all be explored in our analysis, as prior studies have not extensively investigated this dimension of adolescents’ sensitivity to appearance.Given that adolescent appearance anxiety can exert far-reaching effects on personal development, we will examine its consequences both in the short term and over the long term. In terms of the prevention and treatment of adolescent appearance anxiety, we will analyze traditional methods, such as psychological counseling and the regulation of social media use. Additionally, we will explore innovative approaches like art-based therapy, which may yield more favorable outcomes. In contrast to prior research, we have identified that teenagers’ sensitivity can diminish the efficacy of conventional treatment approaches, underscoring the distinct advantages of art-based therapies.

The Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Their Association With Respiratory Diseases.

Patients with respiratory diseases face adverse situations such as symptom management, general condition deterioration, and a hostile perception of the hospital environment, favoring the appearance of anxiety and depression. A total of 317 patients hospitalized for a disease of pulmonary origin were analyzed and divided into the following subgroups: infectious, oncological, acute, and chronic diseases. Patients over 18 years of agewith preserved cognitive capacity were included in the study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to them on the second or fourth day of their hospital stay and five days after the first evaluation. Multiple linear regression models were carried out to analyze the association between anxiety and depression measured over two different periods. The models present the statistically significant variables with a 95% confidence level. The patients presented with anxiety in 74.4% of cases, mainly those with acute respiratory diseases (42.4%) and neoplastic diseases (27.5%). A total of 69.5% presented with depression, with symptoms more significant in those with chronic and oncological pulmonary diseases and those with no job. Patients with at least one comorbidity presented with anxiety in 53.9%of cases and depression in 52.1%of cases. Linear regression models were carried out and showed that anxiety was 1.75 and 1.84 times more frequent in patients with chronic diseases compared to those with infectious pathologies in the first and second reviews, respectively. The linear regression model also showed a higher frequency of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic conditions (1.62 times) compared to the group with infectious and contagious pathologies, and prolonged hospital stays were associated with depressive symptoms 1.37 times more than short stays. Anxiety and depression are frequent disorders in patients with respiratory diseases, negatively affecting the prognosis. Routine mental health screening and multidisciplinary management are essential in this population.

Применение препарата Ньюрексан® в лечении тревожных расстройств у мультиморбидных пациентов. Резолюция Совета экспертов (27 октября 2023 г.)

Stress disorders are a global public health problem, having a significant impact on patients and society. Chronic stress can lead to long-term consequences, including mental and physical illness. The body's first response to acute stress is characterized by the appearance of anxiety, but beyond a certain level, anxiety becomes maladaptive. Anxiety worsens the quality of life and adaptation of patients, complicates the course of comorbid pathology and its diagnosis. In the review anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and chronic pain syndromes discussed. A significant deterioration in the course and prognosis of the neurological disease in combination with anxiety disorders in multimorbid patients has been shown. Treatment of anxiety includes psychotherapy, the use of antidepressants, and short courses of benzodiazepines. Neurexan® as the safe and effective drug that does not interact with other drugs and has a favorable tolerability profile can be recommended to patients with multimorbid pathologies to correct emotional disorders, reduce anxiety and improve sleep.

Workshop Activities to Increase Team Cohesiveness at the Department Learning Center (DLC)

Department LC (DLC) is a work unit of PT. GREAT INTEGRATED. DLC functions as an employee training and development facilitator at PT. GREAT INTEGRATED. in DLC there is less than optimal output and there are consumer complaints regarding the quality of the implementation of the training program in the form of conveying information on less than optimal training implementation schedules. Employees also express complaints when working with a team, even when working deadlines. These complaints: the appearance of anxiety, dizziness, and lack of comfort when working in a team. The results of the open system diagnostic method found that the complaint was caused by conflict in interaction between teams, which was caused by limited non-formal communication, such a situation resulted in the intensity of direct interaction between team members being less than optimal. This form of communication causes misunderstanding, the misunderstanding is not because the team is unable to express opinions, so further forms of intervention for DLC are a function of the team itself, because the cohesiveness of the DLC team is not optimal and it is necessary to carry out team building activities to increase team cohesiveness.

Magnitude of general anxiety disorder among nursing students and its associated factors.

University training in nursing together with other student variables can increase the risk of anxiety in students. It is important to assess the student's level of anxiety, which can have repercussions on their training and mental health. There are several validated tools such as the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). To know which factors are associated with the appearance of anxiety and which protect against it in university nursing students. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in which 170 university nursing students from University of Jaén participated. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, calculating odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine which factors were associated with a higher score on the GAD-7 questionnaire, and therefore with the presence of anxiety. In total, 66.5% (113) of the students have suffered an anxiety crisis on some occasion and 48.8% (83) of the students did not carry out activities of any kind to control anxiety and stress. Practicing religious and spiritual beliefs increased the probability of having anxiety compared to those who did not have religious beliefs (aOR = 3.92; 95% CI = 1.09, 14.08), as well as having previously suffered an anxiety crisis (aOR = 5.13; 95% CI = 2.39, 11.04). Protective factors against anxiety appear to be second-year students (aOR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.72) and being deeply satisfied with the teaching staff (aOR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.79). Knowing the factors that are associated with the appearance of anxiety is necessary to facilitate early detection and care in nursing university students.

Assessment of preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults during extraction of impacted third permanent molars

Background: Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is ubiquitous among the adult population. The anxiety component of DFA is more strongly expressed in adults, and includes a physiological and psychological component, and is more often analyzed in research. Oral-surgical interventions represent a significant source of stress for the appearance of anxiety in subjects. The research aim was to analyze the presence of anxiety with the use of the revised Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DASR) and the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in adult patients during the treatment of extraction of impacted third permanent molars by oral surgery. Material and Methods: The study included adult patients of both sexes, who were previously scheduled for oral-surgical removal of third permanent molars. Anxiety levels were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively as follows: 1st measurement (day of examination)-DASR, and STAI (X1 and X2); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention)-STAI (X1 and X2); 3rd measurement (day after the intervention)-STAI (X1 and X2). Results: Preoperatively, the presence of high levels of general anxiety, situational anxiety, and dental anxiety was determined. The levels were decreased before the planned surgery and were significantly reduced in the postoperative period. The STAI scale could be used to assess the presence of situational anxiety in the dental office on an equal footing with other known measuring instruments (e.g. DASR). Conclusions: Adequate therapy should be considered to prevent preoperative anxiety, which would increase the satisfaction of patients and therapists while reducing complications related to this type of intervention.

EXPERIENCE OF MINDFULNESS ONLINE GROUPS FOR ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENTS DURING COVID-19

An epidemic of such magnitude as the one caused by the COVID  forced us to rethink the scenarios of acting within Psychology itself. The confi nement and cessation of the usual social activities of Cuban adolescents caused the appearance of anxiety in a group of them, which led them to receive treatment through an online Mindfulness meditation group, an experience that constitutes the relevance of this research. With the aim of providing treatment for the manifestations of generalized anxiety disorder in this target population, two groups were developed virtually from social networks that, based on the therapist’s guidance, implement Mindfulness meditation procedures. Thus, constituting the present qualitative research of the action research type supported by historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and modeling methods among others. The sample was formed of  adolescents from Avila diagnosed with the pathology who sought help during confi nement in mental health services. As a result, the therapeutic procedure was executed as follows: two weekly group sessions as a frequency, with each session lasting  minutes (therapeutic hour) and an extension of  weeks, according to the therapeutic contract. The particularity in this case was that as an alternative means due to the need for physical distancing and confi nement due to the pandemic, it was developed through two WhatsApp groups and Zoom platform. By way of conclusions, it can be refl ected that at the end of the therapeutic procedure, a reduction in the initial symptoms was achieved in % of those involved, who, when subjected to reevaluation, demonstrated indicators of having gone through the pathology towards its compensation. It is important in this regard to clarify that in none of the cases medication was necessary at any time.

ТРЕВОЖНОСТЬ КАК ПРИЧИНА УБИЙСТВ, СОВЕРШЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИНОЙ

The article deals with the issues of women killing their child, including the determinants of this phenomenon, anxiety as the basis of the causal complex of these crimes. The aim of the work is to analyze anxiety as a cause of crimes committed by women against their children. The paper analyzes a traumatic situation and its role as a factor influencing the appearance of anxiety. The characteristics of a person with signs of anxiety and measures to prevent a murder committed by women are given. Conclusions and recommendations can be used in the educational process when studying the course "Criminology", as well as for solving practical issues on the provision of compulsory free legal assistance in the event of divorce of persons with minor children.

Relationship Between Anxiety/Depression Mood Disorders and Insomnia in Patients with Pain Syndromes in Primary Health Care: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Chronic pain and mental health disorders are common in the general population, prevalence of chronic pain ranges from 2% to 40%, and the prevalence of mental health disorders ranges from 17% to 29%. Chronic pain is associated with irritability, depression, anxiety and sleep problems such as insomnia. However, the appearance of anxiety and depression has been described as a consequence of chronic pain. Aims: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics and the association between pain syndromes and mood disorders in individuals treated in primary care. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken in a primary care medical center for four months with patients whose pain was the reason for consultation. Scales such as DN4, VAS, Beck's criteria, and DSM-V were applied, and the sociodemographic characteristics of these individuals were determined. Results: A total of 132 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Of these, 81.81% (108) were women, 18.18% were men (24). The mean age for both sexes was 37.9 and the mean duration in hours of each painful episode was 14.35 hours. The proportion of the disorders that was noted were as follows: insomnia in 0.303, anxiety 0.265, depression 0.090. Those who presented with anxiety or depression and another disorder was 0.053. Patients who did not develop any of the diseases of interest in this study 0.185. Discussion: The coexistence and overlap of mood disorders and insomnia in patients suffering from pain syndromes, which have little or no importance when assessing patients in primary health care centers, are under-diagnosed. However, broadening the clinical history, and correctly using diagnostic tools for mood disorders increases their diagnosis rate, ignoring the positive relationship that exists between these disorders. Conclusions: Pain disorders trigger neuropsychiatric complications. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia worsen episodes of pain. However, the correct diagnostic approach and the application of adequate management greatly reduce the complications of these types of disorders.

Relationship Between Anxiety/Depression Mood Disorders and Insomnia in Patients with Pain Syndromes in Primary Health Care: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Chronic pain and mental health disorders are common in the general population, prevalence of chronic pain ranges from 2% to 40%, and the prevalence of mental health disorders ranges from 17% to 29%. Chronic pain is associated with irritability, depression, anxiety and sleep problems such as insomnia. However, the appearance of anxiety and depression has been described as a consequence of chronic pain. Aims: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics and the association between pain syndromes and mood disorders in individuals treated in primary care. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was undertaken in a primary care medical center for four months with patients whose pain was the reason for consultation. Scales such as DN4, VAS, Beck's criteria, and DSM-V were applied, and the sociodemographic characteristics of these individuals were determined. Results: A total of 132 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Of these, 81.81% (108) were women, 18.18% were men (24). The mean age for both sexes was 37.9 and the mean duration in hours of each painful episode was 14.35 hours. The proportion of the disorders that was noted were as follows: insomnia in 0.303, anxiety 0.265, depression 0.090. Those who presented with anxiety or depression and another disorder was 0.053. Patients who did not develop any of the diseases of interest in this study 0.185. Discussion: The coexistence and overlap of mood disorders and insomnia in patients suffering from pain syndromes, which have little or no importance when assessing patients in primary health care centers, are under-diagnosed. However, broadening the clinical history, and correctly using diagnostic tools for mood disorders increases their diagnosis rate, ignoring the positive relationship that exists between these disorders. Conclusions: Pain disorders trigger neuropsychiatric complications. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia worsen episodes of pain. However, the correct diagnostic approach and the application of adequate management greatly reduce the complications of these types of disorders.

Purpose in Life and Character Strengths as Predictors of Health Sciences Students' Psychopathology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundHealth sciences students experience high levels of psychopathology conditioned by psychosocial, financial, and academic factors. However, COVID-19 pandemic might even have worsened their mental health. Thus, this article aims to evaluate how the exposure to COVID-19 pandemic has affected these students’ mental health and to determine the effect of purpose in life and character strengths on this psychopathology.MethodsA cross-sectional study of unpaired samples was carried out in Spain during the first and third waves of the pandemic in 70 medical and 52 nursing students.ResultsThe risk factor that most determined the appearance of anxiety was the exposure of family and friends to COVID-19 (OR = 4.01; p < 0.001), while the most protective factors were honesty (OR = –1.14; p = 0.025) and purpose in life (OR = –0.18; p < 0.001). Purpose in life also protected against the onset of depression and total psychopathology. In addition, we observed studying medicine was a protective factor against total psychopathology while being a nursing student was associated with high levels of acute stress.ConclusionExposure of the students’ family and friends to SARS-CoV-2 favored the appearance of symptoms of anxiety. Honesty had a preventing role in the onset of anxiety and a high purpose in life was protective against the appearance of anxiety, depression, and total psychopathology.

Factors that carry way the appearance of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

Anxiety is a central phenomenon that is most often characterized by a diffuse, unpleasant and vague feeling of apprehension, often accompanied by vegetative symptoms such as headache, diaphoresis, tachycardia, chest tightness and restlessness; symptoms often vary among individuals. Systematic review of articles was realized. A literature search was conducted through digital platforms. Twenty articles published during the years 2020 and 2021 were analyzed, in English and Spanish, related to anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in anxiety was observed as a result of the different factors that emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic; the effects on mental health, when exceeded, can have serious consequences both at the individual and societal levels. Some indicators are the public health measures, as the main factor is social distancing, misinformation and fear of contagion. However, the factor with the greatest increase in anxiety is credited to the economy, which has been affected in all countries, generating critical situations in companies around the world, unemployment and economic difficulties for most families and individuals. Based on what was observed in this analysis, it was found that there are different types of factors that trigger an increase in anxiety, however, the main factors that had a higher rate of causing anxiety were social isolation and concern about the economy, creating uncertainty about the health emergency being experienced.

Impact of the fear of catching COVID-19 on mental health in undergraduate students: A Predictive Model for anxiety, depression, and insomnia.

Most studies only describe mental health indicators (anxiety, depression, insomnia, and stress) and the risk factors associated with these indicators during the pandemic (sex, student status, and specific physical symptoms). However, no explanatory studies have been found that assess the impact of variables associated with COVID-19. Against this background, the objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the fear of catching COVID-19 on the level of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in 947 university students of both sexes (41.6% males and 58.4% females) between the ages of 18 and 35 (M = 21.6; SD = 3.4). The Fear of catching COVID-19 Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to measure the variables. The results of the study show that the fear of catching COVID-19 significantly influences the level of anxiety (β = .52; p < .01), insomnia (β = .44; p<.01), and depression (β = .50; p < .01) experienced by university students (χ2 = 2075.93; df = 371; p = .000; RMSEA = .070 [CI 90% .067–.073]; SRMR = .055; CFI = .95; TLI = .94). The descriptive results show that a notable percentage of university students present significant symptoms of anxiety (23%), depression (24%), and insomnia (32.9%). It is concluded that the fear of catching COVID-19 is a serious health problem since it influences the appearance of anxiety, depression and insomnia symptoms.

Preparing patients to undergo surgery

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate patient anxiety levels and ways of coping, while they are waiting in the hospital to undergo surgery.&#x0D; Methods: One hundred fifty-four patients were included from four different surgical departments (62 females and 92 males), 24–86 years of age (mean age [M] = 58.8 years). The following instruments were applied: a semi-structured interview; the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety; and The Brief Cope Inventory.&#x0D; Results: One-half of the patients (50%) expressed a fear to undergo surgery; 28 % of the patients said that they were afraid of anaesthesia, regarderless of the type of anaesthesia, and 54% of patients expressed a fear and worry about the outcome of surgery. Women (Mas ± SDas =32.58±8.01; Mat ± SDat =35.16±8.97; in general, Ma ± SDa =67.74±15.44) had state and trait anxiety significantly more often than men (Mas ± SDas =28.11±6.21; Mat ± SDat =30.29±7.48; in general Ma ± SDa=58.40±12.74). Elderly males fall due to the received weak social support into the risk group of patients. They less often/less directly express their needs and emotions, and are less active in searching for information or advice in the social environment. In stressful situations, elderly males also frequently give up the attempt to obtain the goals with which the stressor is interfering.&#x0D; Conclusion: Patients who wait to undergo surgery should not suffer anxiety needlessly because it is known that anxiety has a negative impact on the course and outcome of surgical procedures. The pre-operative management of a patient’s anxiety is therefore important and a well-educated medical care team should be familiar with the appearance of anxiety, communication skills, and relaxation treatment.

The hidden crisis: COVID-19 and impact on mental health of medical students in Pakistan

BackgroundMedical students have faced an enormous disruption to their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student’s psychological well-being in Pakistan. Following ethical approval, an online survey developed in collaboration with World Psychiatric Association (WPA) was distributed among medical students of 5 Medical colleges in the Punjab province of Pakistan between August and September 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) were used to assess psychological well-being. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0.ResultsEleven hundred medical students responded, 756 (69%) being females. More than 2/3rd admitted that their emotional state got worse in relation to appearance of anxiety, insecurity, and sadness, compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 48.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Female medical students, pre-clinical students, and those with a previous psychiatric history reported experiencing more anxiety and depression symptoms (P value < 0.001). One in five medical students thought that it would be better if they were dead, and 8% admitted to often think of committing suicide during the past 2 weeks. RASS and subscales (intention, life, and history) scores were higher in females and students with previous psychiatric problems.ConclusionOur findings underscore that the impact of COVID-19 on medical students has been significant; hence, it is crucial for medical colleges to employ strategies to maintain the student’s well-being with safeguards like reassurance, support, and confidential student-centered psychiatric services. The use of virtual platforms (websites, email) to educate and screen students by staff members can create a positive impact. The limitations of this study include cross-sectional design, the possibility of selective participation being web-based survey, response bias, and the possibility of reluctance of students to report mental health problems due to stigma.

Self-focused attention and safety behaviours maintain social anxiety in adolescents: An experimental study.

BackgroundSelf-focused attention and safety behaviours are both associated with adolescent social anxiety. In adults, experimental studies have indicated that the processes are causally implicated in social anxiety, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested in a youth sample.MethodsThis experiment explored this possibility by asking high and low socially anxious adolescents (N = 57) to undertake conversations under different conditions. During one conversation they were instructed to focus on themselves and use safety behaviours, and in the other they focused externally and did not use safety behaviours. Self-report, conversation partner report and independent assessor ratings were taken.ResultsSelf-focus and safety behaviours increased feelings and appearance of anxiety and undermined performance for all participants, but only high socially anxious participants reported habitually using self-focus and safety behaviours.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the causal role of self-focus and safety behaviours in adolescent social anxiety and point to the potential clinical value of techniques reversing them to treat the disorder.

Caring for Family Members With Alzheimer's and Burnout Syndrome: Impairment of the Health of Housewives.

Being a housewife may already be a psychosocial risk factor leading to chronic stress and burnout, and this may be aggravated when the housewife must also become the caregiver of a family member with Alzheimer’s. The burnout syndrome and how it can affect general health and the presence of emotional disorders were studied in housewives who were family caregivers of an Alzheimer’s patient. The sample selected was made up of 193 housewives, 96 of whom were also caregivers for a family member with Alzheimer’s. Sociodemographic measures used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory and The General Health Questionnaire. Burnout was found in a significant percentage of participants. Emotional exhaustion, effect on general health, and presence of emotional disorders were higher in caregivers. Emotional exhaustion, general health, and anxiety were more influential, while depersonalization affected the appearance of depressive symptoms more. Being a caregiver and emotional exhaustion appeared to be the best predictors of emotional disorders. It was confirmed that emotional exhaustion influenced appearance of anxiety and depression equally in both groups. In the case of caregivers, an exhaustion-illness spiral was produced. In this group, emotional exhaustion seemed to become more severe as a consequence of the presence of chronic illnesses, and possibly influence the number of hours spent on care and having children living at home. Future research should analyze in greater depth and in a larger sample, the role of these variables and widen the focus of attention to personal variables that could be acting as protective factors and could be subject to intervention. The discussion concludes with some actions that should be included in prevention programs for the groups studied.

Childhood Trauma and Stressful Life Events Are Independently Associated with Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with an increase in stress, the appearance of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and changes in sleep patterns. Even though the disruption of sleep patterns in stress and anxiety and depressive disorders is well known, the independent effects of childhood trauma and stressful life events on sleep patterns are less understood. We tested the independent effects of stress (childhood trauma and stressful life events) while controlling for anxiety and depression on adolescent sleep patterns. Seven hundred fifty-two adolescents (age 12–15 years) completed self-report questionnaires about childhood trauma, stressful life events, anxiety, and depression. Four sleep factors identifying movement during sleep, sleep regularity, sleep disturbances, and sleep pressure were extracted in the principal component analysis of sleep questions. Both childhood trauma and recent stressful life events were significantly associated with sleep disturbances before and after controlling for anxiety and depression.

Self-Determined Motivation and Competitive Anxiety in Athletes/Students: A Probabilistic Study Using Bayesian Networks.

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between two key psychological variables associated with performance in sports – Self-Determined Motivation and Competitive Anxiety – through Bayesian Networks (BN) analysis. We analyzed 674 university students that are athletes from 44 universities that competed at the University Games in Mexico, with an average age of 21 years (SD = 2.07) and with a mean of 8.61 years’ (SD = 5.15) experience in sports. Methods: Regarding the data analysis, firstly, classification using the CHAID algorithm was carried out to determine the dependence links between variables; Secondly, a BN was developed to reduce the uncertainty in the relationships between the two key psychological variables. The validation of the BN revealed AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 0.92. Subsequently, various instantiations were performed with hypothetical values applied to the “bottom” variables. Results showed two probability trees that have extrinsic motivation and amotivation at the top, while the anxiety/activation due to worries about performance was at the bottom of the probabilities. The instantiations carried out support the existence of these probabilistic relationships, demonstrating their scarce influence on anxiety about competition generated by the intrinsic motivation, and the complex probabilistic effect of introjected and identified regulation regarding the appearance of anxiety due to worry about performance.