Appeal Of Communism Research Articles

‘Encroaching upon trade union preserves’: the 1950s fight over global labor norms between the international confederation of free trade unions and moral re-armament

ABSTRACT The clash between the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, an international labor body that included the AFL and the before CIO, and Frank Buchman’s Moral Re-Armament Movement illustrated one of the many intra-Western contests in the early Cold War over creating international norms. Should national labor centers work for a world of more moral interpersonal relationships or should they follow traditional collective bargaining activities? What messages should Western labor actors send to workers in the decolonizing world? Which group could provide the best anti-communist Western model of labor relations? Analyzing CIO executive council meetings, ICFTU executive board and world congress meetings, MRA assemblies in Switzerland, Congress in Stockholm to statements from Indian trade unionists, and the presence of both organizations on the ground in West Africa in the mid-1950s, this article explores one of the ways two international NGOs argued over the content of global labor practices emanating from the West during the early Cold War. Their clash also revealed the anxiety Western unions felt as MRA claims and activities seemed to upset their precarious balancing act of appearing stridently anti-communist while still benefiting workers through collective bargaining, which would undermine the appeal of communism by showcasing a capitalist model where workers benefited.

The Appeal of Communism among the Lebanese Shiʿa, 1943-75

AbstractThis article revisits the Shiʿi community’s secular past through an analysis of the evolution of Shiʿi involvement in the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP). It argues that the Shiʿi community’s communist interlude was a formative moment in the political mobilization of the Shiʿa, which predated the rise of distinctly Shiʿi political identities, and imparted a lasting legacy on the political development of the Lebanese Shiʿa.

Emergencities

Western planning experts, beginning with the United Nations Mission of Experts on Tropical Housing in 1950–1951, undertook major interventions in what they described as a zone of urban crisis across Southeast Asia after the Second World War. In various ‘emergencities’, allegedly threatened by expanding squatter settlements, the experts proposed robust and immediate state action to organise a comprehensive regime of planning to replace the unauthorised areas with regulated housing. Yet, despite its scientific appearance, the planning expertise constituted a political project that sought to transfer Western ideas of the “Garden City” to unruly Southeast Asian cities. The project stressed the importance of nationhood, citizenship and democracy in urban reform and was fearful of the appeal of communism in post-colonial Southeast Asia. The expert interventions usually failed but still had significant and unpredictable outcomes. By reinforcing patronage politics, they politicised housing and extended state power into urban life. The interventions also created crisis situations of their own making and catalysed social resistance, both spontaneous and organised. Southeast Asian cities became sites of a struggle between competing forms of urban modernity. In contrast to the experts framing modernity and tradition in opposition, however, squatters demonstrated their adaptive “cultures of modernity”, utilising both old and new ways in their pursuit of a modern life.

Glorious Memories of Imperial China and the Rise of Chinese Populist Nationalism

This article examines the emergence of distorted memories of Imperial China. Through popular online sites and media, populist nationalists have obtained exaggerated yet extremely sensational knowledge of Chinese history, which portrays Imperial China as benevolent, strong and more advanced than the western world. Based on these distorted memories, they blame all diplomatic controversies on other countries—western nations for their imperialist exploitation and especially neighboring countries for their ungratefulness to the Chinese empire. Due to the declining appeal of communism, as well as the corruption and isolation of official academia, the Chinese government is under heavy pressure to follow the distorted memory and restore China's historical glory.

The Hungry World: America's Cold War Battle against Poverty in Asia

Over the past decade, scholars have devoted growing attention to the complex and tangled U.S.-led campaign to bring development and modernization to the less “developed” and less “modern” parts of the globe. Nick Cullather long ago emerged as one of development history’s most original voices; in a series of pioneering articles and reviews he did much to help shape the contours of this emerging field. Now, with The Hungry World, Cullather offers the most challenging, sophisticated, and broadly focused book on the subject to date. He concentrates on the herculean U.S. attempt to transform Asian states and societies in the wake of World War II. U.S. elites became obsessed with what they saw as the critical need for swift economic growth and draconian population control measures across the global South, but especially on the Asian continent. That obsession can best be understood as a by-product of American fears, ambitions, and hubris in a world wracked by uncertainty, conflict, resurgent nationalism, the appeal of communism, and the so-called revolution of rising expectations.

Max Yergan, Marxism and Mission during the Interwar Era

AbstractFrom 1922 through 1936 Max Yergan, an African-American graduate of historically Black Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina represented the North American YMCA in South Africa through the auspices of the Student Christian Association. A student secretary since his sophomore year in 1911, with Indian and East African experience in World War One, Yergan's star rose sufficiently to permit him entry into the racially challenging South Africa field after a protracted campaign waged on his behalf by such interfaith luminaries as Gold Coast proto nationalist J.E.K. Aggrey and the formidable Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois. Arriving on the eve of the Great Rand Mine Strike of 1922, Yergan's South African years were punctuated by political concerns. Entering the country as an Evangelical Pan-Africanist influenced by the social gospel thrust of late nineteenth and early twentieth century American Protestantism that reached the YMCA and other faith-friendly but nondenominational organizations, Yergan became favorably disposed to Marxist and Marxist-Leninist doctrine in the course of his South African posting. Against the backdrop of the labor agitation of the post World War One era and the expansion and transformation of the South African Communist Party that occurred during the mid to late nineteen twenties, Yergan's response to what he termed "the appeal of Communism" made him an avatar of a liberation theology fusing Marxist revolution and Christianity. This paper details some of the trajectory of that momentous and profound personal evolution.

Decolonisation, Modernisation and Nation-Building: Political Development Theory and the Appeal of Communism in Southeast Asia, 1945–1975

Modernisation theory and political development theory played a key role in the formalisation of the study of Southeast Asia, while the dramatic transitions from colonies to nation-states in the region and the deepening war in Vietnam were also pivotal to the rise and transformation of modernisation theory. This article provides a critical historical overview of the rise and elaboration of theories of political development and nation-building between 1945 and 1975.

The Appeals of Communism in Asia

Assessment of the appeals of communism in Asia is handicapped by false conceptions and generalizations about the peoples of South and Southeast Asia. In Western writings and in the Western press, they are identified as "Asians," although they do not accept this identification them selves. Communist appeals are directed at the ethnic-lin guistic groups within each state. We have not analyzed the reasons why the peoples of the countries of southern Asia do not agree with us about the dangers of Communist expansion and world domination. We have not understood the bases for their attitudes which focus on different problems. Com munist appeals are more carefully directed to meet the real concerns of the peoples of this area. We tend to view the problems of communism as a contest in which one side must be a winner, and we tend to be impatient with those who are not either for us or against the Communists. This is illustrated by the many references to the contest between India and China as one of democracy versus communism. The impression is left that people in other Asian countries are watching this con test closely. Nothing could be farther from the truth. If we are successfully to counter the appeals of communism in Asia, we must study and investigate the history, culture, political behavior, and norms of conduct of the peoples in each country, particularly during the colonial period. We must know why segments of the people in each country think as they do and act as they do. This requires concerted research with at tempts to answer questions which are relevant to American policy formulation and action.

The Appeal of Communism in Arab Countries

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The Appeals of Communism

The Appeals of Communism

The Appeals of Communism. Gabriel Almond

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThe Appeals of Communism. Gabriel Almond M. BronfenbrennerM. Bronfenbrenner Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 63, Number 6Dec., 1955 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/257738 Views: 2Total views on this site Copyright 1955 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Appeals of Communism.

The Appeals of Communism.

The Appeals of Communism

The Appeals of Communism

The role of hostility in the appeal of Communism in the United States.

(1953). The Role of Hostility in the Appeal of Communism in the United States. Psychiatry: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 253-261.

The Appeal of Communism to the Peoples of Underdeveloped Areas

The Appeal of Communism to the Peoples of Underdeveloped Areas