Apical Seal Of Root Canals Research Articles

An In vitro Comparative Study to Evaluate The Apical Seal of Root Canals Prepared by Rotary Versus Reciprocating Wave-One Nickel Titanium System

Aims: The aim of present study is to assess the apical seal of root canals prepare by two different preparation techniques (Rotary and reciprocating technique) . Materials and Methods: Forty extracted human, single-rooted lower premolar teeth were decoronated at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ). The working length was determined for each tooth. The samples were divided into 2 experimental groups, each one consisted of 20 prepared teeth: group 1, rotary conventional preparation by using Wave-One file. group2, reciprocate instrumentation with Wave-One file. After instrumentation was completed then the teeth obturated with Single-cone technique related to this systems. Zinc oxide euginol (ZOE) sealer was used as a root canal sealer in this study. A dye penetration method was used to evaluate the apical seal and the teeth were cleared then apical leakage was measured using a stereomicroscope at (x10 magnification). The statistical analysis performed by Independent t-test. Results: Wave-One file instrumented by Reciprocation instrumentation technique was significantly differ from Rotary instrumentation technique for root canal preparation . The Reciprocation group registered better apical seal than Rotary group. Conclusions: Apical seal with the Wave-One Reciprocation technique and conventional Wave-One rotary approach were significantly difference. The Wave-One Reciprocation technique was markedly registered better apical seal than Wave-One rotary technique.

Evaluation of the sealing ability of resin cement used as a root canal sealer: An in vitro study.

Aim:This study was designed to evaluate the apical seal of root canals obturated with resin cement as a root canal sealer and compare with that of the glass ionomer and zinc oxide eugenol sealers using a cold lateral condensation gutta-percha technique.Background:Successful root canal treatment requires three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system with nonirritating biomaterials. None of the available materials are capable of providing a fluid tight seal.Materials and Methods:The prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each to be obturated using three different sealers. Group I: zinc oxide eugenol (Tubliseal), Group II: Glass ionomer (Ketac Endo), and Group III: resin cement (C & B Superbond). All the specimens were stored in 100% relative humidity at 37° for 24 h. The specimens were placed in 2% methylene blue dye for 48 h and sectioned. The dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope.Results:The “Kruskal” Wallis test was carried out to test the equality of mean. All the specimens showed dye leakage, and there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) among the groups. The specimens in Group III showed a minimal leakage and the specimens in Group I showed a maximum leakage.Conclusion:Resin cement sealed the root canals significantly better when compared with zinc oxide eugenol and glass ionomer sealers.

Effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the apical seal of root canals obturated with different sealers and techniques

During mechanical preparation of the post space, the root canal filling may be twisted or vibrated, depending on several factors associated with the preparation technique and quality of filling.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the integrity of the apical seal.Material and Methods:Sixty-four extracted human incisors were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique. Sixty roots were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups of 10 teeth each and the remaining 4 roots served as positive and negative controls (n=2). The root canals in the different groups were obturated with cold lateral and warm vertical condensation of gutta-percha and one of two sealers (Sealapex and Diaket). Post space was prepared either individually or simultaneously. An insulated copper wire was cut into 10-cm-long pieces. In each canal, one piece was inserted to maintain contact with gutta-percha and extended to the outside as one of two working electrodes. A stainless steel wire with the same dimensions of those of the copper wire, used as the other working electrode, was immersed into the background electrolyte from the center of the bottle. The electrical current between standard and experimental electrodes in canals was measured over a period of 10 days applying a conductivity meter. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.05) determined whether there was a significant difference in microleakage among the groups and the Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.01) was used for multiple comparison grouping variables.Results:The results suggest that only the differences between the root canal filling techniques were statistically significant (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant difference in the sealers and the times of filling removal for post space preparation (p>0.01).Conclusion:The quality of the root canal filling is important for the integrity of the apical seal.

Assessment of the apical seal of root canals using different filling techniques

The aim of this study was to investigate the apical leakage of roots filled by three different gutta-percha techniques: lateral condensation, Tagger's hybrid and E&Q Master. Forty-two extracted single-rooted teeth were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root received biomechanical preparation using a 60-K file. The roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the technique of filling the root canal: Group I, lateral condensation; Group II, Tagger's hybrid; Group III, E&Q Master. The roots were submitted to dye leakage test with Rhodamine B for 7 days, using vacuum during the initial 30 min. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the leakage was measured in a linear fashion from apex to crown. Statistical analysis indicated that lateral condensation and E&Q Master techniques showed lower leakage than Tagger's technique (P = 0.0016). However, statistically no difference was found between lateral condensation and E&Q Master system techniques.

Microscopic appearance and apical seal of root canals filled with gutta‐percha and ProRoot Endo Sealer after immersion in a phosphate‐containing fluid

To investigate the sealing quality of ProRoot Endo Sealer, a calcium silicate-based sealer and its morphologic characteristics after immersion in a phosphate-containing fluid (PCF). Single-rooted canals were filled with gutta-percha and either ProRoot Endo Sealer or two commercially available zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE)-based and epoxy resin-based sealers. The sealers were allowed to set for 6 days and the filled teeth were immersed in PCF for 24 h before fluid leakage evaluation. After initial leakage evaluation at the 7th day, each filled root was restored and reimmersed in PCF for 28 days before the second phase of leakage evaluation at 35 days. Cryofractured specimens of additional teeth filled with the three sealers were examined using scanning electron microscopy after immersion in PCF for the two periods. One-way repeated measures anova and Tukey test revealed significant differences between the ZOE-based sealer at 35 days and the calcium silicate-based sealer at 35 days (P < 0.001), and between the ZOE-based sealer at 7 days and the calcium silicate-based sealer at 35 days (P = 0.001). No difference was found between the epoxy resin-based sealer and the calcium silicate-based sealer after both storage periods. Cryofractured calcium silicate-based sealer specimens demonstrated apatite-like crystalline deposits along the apical and middle thirds of the canal walls via transformation from amorphous calcium phosphate-like precursors. ProRoot Endo Sealer is comparable in sealing quality to the epoxy resin-based sealer and seals better than the ZOE-based sealer after immersion in PCF. The calcium silicate-based sealer also demonstrates ex vivo bioactivity when it comes into contact with phosphate ions.

Evaluation of the Apical Seal in Root Canals Prepared with a New Rotary System and Obturated with a Methacrylate Based Endodontic Sealer: An In Vitro Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the apical seal of root canals prepared with a new rotary system, Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET) and filled with a methacrylate based endodontic sealer and a single gutta-percha cone and a lateral condensation technique, using the methacrylate based endodontic sealer/filler or Grossman’s cement. The root canals of 45 freshly extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and then randomly assigned to three groups of 15 teeth each. After cleaning and shaping the teeth were obturated as follows: in group 1 the canals were filled with a methacrylate based sealer and a single gutta-percha cone; in group 2 the canals were filled using a lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and the methacrylate based sealer; and in group 3, the canals were filled by means of lateral condensation of gutta-percha and Grossman’s cement (control group). The specimens were stored in 100% relative humidity at 37°C for 72 h, after which the coronal portion and the root surface of each tooth was covered with three layers of nail varnish and a final layer of sticky wax. After immersion in 2% methylene blue dye for 7 days, the specimens were imbedded in clear orthodontic resin and sectioned. Dye penetration was evaluated by an independent investigator using a stereo microscope. The results demonstrated that more pronounced leakage occurred in root canals obturated with the lateral condensation technique and Grossman’s cement (p < 0.05). The least amount of dye leakage was observed for group 1 and 2 in which the methacrylate based sealer was used, either with a single gutta-percha cone or with lateral condensation of gutta-percha.

Apical seal of root canals with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide.

The objective of this research was to determine if gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] improve the apical seal after root canal filling and if the master point does it alone. Human single recently extracted teeth were biomechanically prepared and the root canals filled by the lateral condensation technique with ZOE and gutta-percha points, with or without calcium hydroxide. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue solution in a vacuum environment for 24 h after which they were processed for stereomicroscope evaluation. Better results were observed with the teeth filled with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide (p=0.01). We conclude that these new points make a better apical seal and that these results can also be obtained with the calcium hydroxide master point associated with regular ones (p=0.05).

Apical leakage after root canal filling with an experimental calcium hydroxide gutta-percha point

This study was an in vitro analysis of the apical seal of root canals filled with an experimental calcium hydroxide gutta-percha point. One hundred and ten recently extracted human permanent teeth with a single root were used. The root canals were biomechanically prepared, and some received a dressing of calcium hydroxide for 7 days. Root canals not dressed were filled by the lateral condensation technique with either regular gutta-percha or calcium hydroxide gutta-percha points. The dressed root canals were filled with the same sealers and regular gutta-percha points. The specimens were placed into a 2% methylene blue dye solution under vacuum, and the apical leakage was linearly evaluated. The experimental groups with calcium hydroxide dressing and the one with calcium hydroxide gutta-percha points exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) less leakage than the groups filled with regular gutta-percha points. The results obtained indicated that calcium hydroxide gutta-percha points produced an improvement in the apical sealing quality of the root canal filling.

Effect of apical resections and reverse fillings on thermafil root canal obturations

This in vitro dye leakage study examined the influence of apical root resection and reverse amalgam fillings on the apical seal of root canals obturated with Thermafil. Fifty human canine teeth were instrumented and obturated with either laterally condensed gutta-percha or Thermafil using Roth's zinc oxide-eugenol Type I regular sealer. After 24 h, one of the following additional procedures was performed on 30 of the teeth: 2-mm apical resection, 4-mm apical resection, and 2-mm apical resection plus reverse amalgam filling 2 mm in depth and diameter. The external root surfaces were coated with enamel paint and the teeth were exposed to 1% methylene blue dye at 37 degrees C for 2 wk. The roots were split longitudinally and the depth of linear dye penetration was measured through a stereozoom microscope. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in the linear dye penetration among the various groups of teeth.

Preliminary evaluation of the apical seal of root canals filled with a Teflon-base material.

Abstract Root canals in extracted maxillary anterior teeth were filled with an experimental Teflon®‐base material and then stored in a dye solution. Penetration of the dye into the canal space was measured and compared with the penetration of dye in control teeth that were filled with laterally condensed gutta‐percha and a sealer. The sealing ability of the experimental material was found to be statistically significantly better than that of the control.

Effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of endodontically treated teeth

A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of root canals obturated with sectional silver cones, or gutta-percha with lateral condensation and sealer cement. Apical leakage appeared notably reduced when the silver point was not disturbed. In root canals sealed with lateral condensation of multiple gutta-percha points, leakage was reduced considerably when more than 4 mm of gutta-percha filling remained in the apical portion of the canal. No important difference was found when the coronal portion of the root canal filling was removed immediately after placement. A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dowel preparation on the apical seal of root canals obturated with sectional silver cones, or gutta-percha with lateral condensation and sealer cement. Apical leakage appeared notably reduced when the silver point was not disturbed. In root canals sealed with lateral condensation of multiple gutta-percha points, leakage was reduced considerably when more than 4 mm of gutta-percha filling remained in the apical portion of the canal. No important difference was found when the coronal portion of the root canal filling was removed immediately after placement.