Aphrodisiac Potential Research Articles

Poweromin X Ten, a polyherbal formulation improves male sexual function: In vivo and network pharmacology study.

Poweromin X Ten (PXT) is a polyherbal formulation, traditionally used to enhance male sexual function. However, the safety and benefits of PXT have not been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxicity and aphrodisiac potential of PXT in male rats and explored its principal mechanisms of action. Male Wistar rats were orally administered PXT (50 or 100 mg/kg) for 28 days, and sexual activity parameters, including latency and frequency of mounting and intromissions, were studied. The reproductive toxicity and spermatogenic potential were also examined. Furthermore, dopamine and serotonin levels in brain regions associated with sexual activity were assessed. Network analysis was used to identify the key bioactive compounds and their core targets involved in their beneficial actions. Treatment with PXT improved sexual activity in male rats, as evidenced by reduced mounting and intromission latency and a significant increase in mount frequency. Moreover, PXT exhibited spermatogenic potential and did not induce reproductive toxicity. Notably, treatment with 50 mg/kg PXT elevated dopamine levels in median preoptic area and hypothalamus. Pathway analysis indicated that PXT primarily modulated the PI3K-Akt, calcium, and MAPK signalling pathways to enhance male sexual function. Network analysis identified macelignan, β-estradiol, testosterone, and paniculatine as key bioactive components of PXT, which likely act through core targets, such as androgen receptor (AR), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to facilitate the improvement of male sexual function. Study results suggest that PXT is a safer alternative with aphrodisiac and spermatogenic potential. These effects are partly attributed to the enhanced dopamine levels in the brain. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the specific signalling pathways and bioactive compounds that underlie the improvements in male sexual function associated with PXT.

Effect of Carpolobia lutea leaf extract on erectile dysfunction induced by Paroxetine in rats

BackgroundErectile dysfunction (ERDF) has been implicated as an adverse effect of Paroxetine. Sildenafil (Viagra) is a conventional currently used in the management of this ailment but with side effects. Carpolobia lutea (CL) is a medicinal plant, traditionally explored and established for its aphrodisiac potential. Aim of the StudyThe study aims to investigate the effect of Carpolobia lutea Extract (CLE) on ERDF rats induced by paroxetine at the molecular level and its phytocompounds’ interaction with proteins linked to the erection pathway. MethodsForty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into six experimental groups: normal control, (20 mg/kg PI- ERDF + 1 ml distilled water) and treated groups (10 mg/kg Sildenafil, 50 mg/kg of CLE, 100 mg/kg of CLE and 200 mg/kg of CLE. Rats were administered paroxetine for five days before their sexual behaviour was examined through mounting frequency and latency when introduced to female rats. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAB and TBARS) were performed over the 21-day experiment, and molecular investigations (in vivo and in silico) on ERDF-linked genes were conducted. ResultsCLE has good in vitro antioxidant content. Paroxetine upregulated the expressions of phosphodiesterase-5, arginase, acetylcholinesterase, AMP deaminase and interleukin-6 relative to control. However, CLE downregulated these proteins and upregulated Nrf2, Androgen receptor, and Luteinizing hormone compared to PI- ERDF. CLE-phytocompounds like quercetin favourably interacted with phosphodiesterase-5 and nitric oxide synthase. ConclusionThe findings suggest that Carpolobia lutea leaf's phytocompounds show potential as a therapeutic agent in ERDF management.

Aphrodisiac Potential of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Powder in Male Wistar Albino Rat

This study aimed to assess the aphrodisiac potential of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) powder in male Wistar albino rats. Twenty-five male and twenty-five female rats were used for the experiment. The male rats were selected into five groups of 5 rats/group. Two groups served as normal and positive controls. Three groups were fed with feed supplemented with varying concentrations of Cyperus esculentus powder (5%, 10%, and 20%) for fourteen (14) days. After the treatment, sexual behaviors, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, nitric oxide, and some sex hormone levels were assayed. The results showed a significant variation in mount frequencies, while significant increases were observed in intromission frequency and intromission ratio as compared to the normal control. Significant increases in the body weight of both the normal control and treated groups were observed. However, the fasting blood glucose level was not altered significantly. Lipid profile levels were increased in rats fed a 20% tiger nut supplementary diet when compared with the control, whereas low-density lipoprotein was not changed significantly. Nitric oxide concentration significantly increased in the testes but decreased in the kidneys of the treated groups. The results of sex hormone levels showed a significant increase in follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone with no variation in luteinizing hormone. These results showed that Cyperus esculentus powder can improve the sexual behavior of male rats, hence giving credence to the aphrodisiac potential of Cyperus esculentus.

Poweromin X Ten, a polyherbal formulation improves male sexual function: In vivo and network pharmacology study

Introduction Poweromin X Ten (PXT) is a polyherbal formulation, traditionally used to enhance male sexual function. However, the safety and benefits of PXT have not been scientifically evaluated. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxicity and aphrodisiac potential of PXT in male rats and explored its principal mechanisms of action. Methods Male Wistar rats were orally administered PXT (50 or 100 mg/kg) for 28 days, and sexual activity parameters, including latency and frequency of mounting and intromissions, were studied. The reproductive toxicity and spermatogenic potential were also examined. Furthermore, dopamine and serotonin levels in brain regions associated with sexual activity were assessed. Network analysis was used to identify the key bioactive compounds and their core targets involved in their beneficial actions. Results Treatment with PXT improved sexual activity in male rats, as evidenced by reduced mounting and intromission latency and a significant increase in mount frequency. Moreover, PXT exhibited spermatogenic potential and did not induce reproductive toxicity. Notably, treatment with 50 mg/kg PXT elevated dopamine levels in median preoptic area and hypothalamus. Pathway analysis indicated that PXT primarily modulated the PI3K-Akt, calcium, and MAPK signalling pathways to enhance male sexual function. Network analysis identified macelignan, β-estradiol, testosterone, and paniculatine as key bioactive components of PXT, which likely act through core targets, such as androgen receptor (AR), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to facilitate the improvement of male sexual function. Conclusion Study results suggest that PXT is a safer alternative with aphrodisiac and spermatogenic potential. These effects are partly attributed to the enhanced dopamine levels in the brain. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the specific signalling pathways and bioactive compounds that underlie the improvements in male sexual function associated with PXT.

Rekindling desire: Unveiling the Aphrodisiac potential of Apiaceae Elixirs

Background: In the realms of herbal pharmacology, the Apiaceae family has long held the torch, with parsley, coriander, and celery at the forefront. They have been extensively utilized in traditional therapies, including their use as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of three Apiaceae plants: Petroselinum crispum, Coriandrum sativum, and Apium graveolens, both individually and in combination, to substantiate their traditional medicinal usage. Methods: The administration of extracts orally (at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight) was carried out daily for 15 days in various groups of male rats. To induce receptivity in female rats used for mating, hormonal treatment was employed. The study encompassed the assessment of general mating behavior, which was compared to that induced by the standard reference drug, sildenafil citrate. Additionally, hematological and biochemical assays were conducted. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that oral administration of the extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly heightened sexual activity in male rats. This was characterized by a substantial increase in parameters such as mounting frequency, erection frequency, ejaculation frequency, and copulatory rate, coupled with a noteworthy reduction in mounting latency, intromission latency, and latency time. However, when compared to the positive control group (sildenafil), the polyherbal formulation did not induce significant alterations in hematological parameters such as red blood cell count, white blood cell count, blood platelet count, and hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, the hepatic and renal markers in treated rats displayed no significant disturbances when administered with the individual extracts of the three Apiaceae plants or in combination, in comparison to the control group. The results also unveiled a substantial augmentation effect in blood testosterone levels following the individual administration of Apiaceae plant extracts when compared to the positive control group. The combined administration of these extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg exhibited an even more pronounced effect in enhancing testosterone levels than administering the individual extracts. Conclusions: In conclusion, the polyherbal formulation comprising these Apiaceae plants demonstrated a substantial and sustained enhancement in the sexual activity of healthy male rats, without any discernible adverse effects. This suggests that the formulation maintains aphrodisiac properties, possibly attributed to its nerve-stimulating effects, thereby enhancing libido and potency. These findings not only support the traditional use of these herbs for their aphrodisiac properties but also propose potential applications for human use as a natural alternative for addressing male sexual disorders and as aphrodisiac agents.

Sexual Invigorating Potentials of a Combined Extract of Sabicea calycina and Carpolobia lutea on Male Wistar Rats in Crude Oil Challenged Environment

The effect of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of combined ethanol extract of S. calycina and C. lutea were investigated on mating behavioural parameters and sex/reproductive hormone boosting potentials in both non-bonny light crude oil (NBLCO) and bonny light crude oil (BLCO) environmentally challenged rats. Forty sexually experienced rats weighing 120-135g were arbitrarily allocated into two groups of twenty rats as NBLCO and BLCO respectively, each group were further subdivided into four groups of five rats and administered orally with 50 mL distilled water (control) and the extract of S. calycina and C. lutea at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. After 21 days of treatment protocols, the animals were observed for both precopulatory and copulatory activities, sex hormone was also evaluated. The copulatory activities monitored showed that mount latency, intromission latency and post ejaculatory intervals were significantly decreased by the 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract in both the NBLCO and BLCO-challenged rats (P < 0.05). All doses significantly increased (P < 0.05) the mount frequency, intromission frequency, and ejaculatory frequency in the NBLCO groups while only the 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was able. Copulatory efficiency was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by all doses in a dose-related manner in the NBLCO groups while only the 200 mg/kg dose level was able to significantly increase (P < 0.05) the copulatory efficiency in the BLCO groups. The hormonal assay showed that all doses produced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone, with a concomitantly significant decrease (P < 0.05) in prolactin in the NBLCO groups, however, only the 100 and 200 mg/kg was able to able to achieve significant change (P < 0.05) in these hormonal levels in the BLCO groups. Findings from this study showed that the extract has aphrodisiac potentials and also the ability to restore hyposexual activity in rats challenged with crude oil.

Comparison of activity test of ethanol extract and palm root infusion (Arenga pinnata) as an aphrodisiac

The palm tree (Arenga pinnata) contains secondary metabolites such as saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that can be used as medicine, particularly as an aphrodisiac. Aphrodisiacs are natural substances, medications, or herbal supplements that have the potential to increase sexual arousal. The use of herbal aphrodisiac drugs has been increasing year by year in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the aphrodisiac activity of palm root water extract (Arenga pinnata) in test animals (Web Wiester mice). The preparation of the extract begins with the processing of palm roots, which are then made into an infusion of palm root water (Arenga pinnata). The method of making the palm extract uses infusion and maceration techniques. The aphrodisiac potential test was conducted in vivo using 32 Web Wiester mice, which were divided into 5 groups; the dosage was determined by dividing the mice into five groups (positive control, negative control, 0.5 ml infusion, 1 ml infusion, and extract). The characterization of aphrodisiac properties in the extract included testing the libido of mice (Mus musculus). The results showed that the extract test group with a dose of 250 Mg/KgBW had the highest mating retention among the other test groups.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS profiling of Viola stocksii Boiss. and evaluation of aphrodisiac potential and risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction

Ethnopharmacological relevanceViola stocksii Boiss. locally known as makhni or makhanr booti, is an important medicinal food plant with multiple therapeutic applications, including erectile dysfunction (ED). It is mixed with butter and used for boosting energy and sexual health in the subcontinent. Aims of the studyThis study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, aphrodisiac potential and effect of V. stocksii on the risk factors associated with ED. MethodologyThe hydroethanolic extract of V. stocksii (HEEVS) was prepared through the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique. The chemical composition was evaluated using preliminary phytochemical screening and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Metals and minerals analysis was performed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The aphrodisiac activity of HEEVS was evaluated using an in vivo aphrodisiac model established in male albino rats and the effect on various sexual parameters such as mount, intromission, ejaculation frequencies and mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies, postejaculatory interval, penile reflexes and serum hormone concentration were analyzed. The effect of HEEVS on various risk factors associated with ED, including prostate cancer (PC), bacterial infections, diabetes and obesity, was evaluated using various in vitro assays. Moreover, four compounds were selected from the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS profile and evaluated for in silico computational analysis against phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) for possible interaction. FindingsThe phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites in HEEVS, while 58 compounds were tentatively identified in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Various important minerals and metals such as zinc, calcium, cadmium and magnesium were detected in the atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. The in vivo aphrodisiac evaluation showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mount, intromission and ejaculation frequencies and a decrease in the mount, intromission latencies and post-ejaculatory intervals at a dose of 300 mg/kg. A marked (p < 0.05) increase was observed in the concentration of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormones in HEEVS treated animals with a significant increase in total penile reflexes. The extract displayed significant anti-prostate cancer activity and a potential antibacterial spectrum against E. coli and S. aureus, with MIC50 values of 215.72 μg/mL and 139.05 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, HEEVS was found active towards pancreatic lipase (67.34 ± 1.03%), α-glucosidase (3.87 ± 0.54 mmol ACAE/g d.w.) and α-amylase (6.98 ± 1.63 mmol ACAE/g d.w.). The in silico docking study presented a potential interaction between the selected compounds and residues of the active site of PDE-5. ConclusionThis report highlights the aphrodisiac potential of V. stocksii and provides experimental support for its traditional use in ED with an attenuative effect on the risk factors associated with ED. Moreover, the chemical composition displayed the presence of functional phytoconstituents and minerals in HEEVS and paves the way for the isolation of compounds with potent aphrodisiac activity.

Perspective Study of Pogostemon cablin Benth as an Aphrodisiac

Pogostemon cablin Benth also known as a patchouli plant, is a member of Lamiaceae family, and the source of patchouli essential oil. This plant is an important herb which possesses many therapeutic properties. In traditional medicinal practices, patchouli oil is used to relieve depression, stress, calm nerves, control appetite and to improve sexual interest. Up to the present moment, almost 200 volatile and non-volatile compounds have been isolated and identified from Pogostemon cablin including flavonoid, phytosterols, glycosides, terpenes, sesquiterpenes, organic acids, and others. Modern studies revealed that the patchouli plant have been used for various applications such as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, antithrombotic, antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antiemetic, antimutagenic, and aphrodisiac. In aromatherapy, this plant is believed to be able to improve blood circulation and sexual interest. The flavonoid compounds, such as acacetin and apigenin are believed to play an important role as an aphrodisiac. The mechanisms of action of this plant as an aphrodisiac is believed by increasing androgens and estrogen levels in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which further increases arousal sexual desire. However, some uses need to be verified and may require standardizing and authenticating the bioactivity of purified compounds through scientific methods. This perspective study discusses the aphrodisiac potential of Pogostemon cablin Benth, including their chemical constituents, health benefit, mechanism action, and the role of main bioactive compound as an aphrodisiac.

Evaluating the Aphrodisiac Potential of Mirabilis jalapa L. Root Extract: Phytochemical Profiling and In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessments in Normal Male Rats.

The traditional use of Mirabilis jalapa L. roots to enhance male sexual performance prompted us to assess the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo aphrodisiac activities of its hydroethanolic extract using normal male rats. Spectroscopic characterization indicated the presence of ß-D-glucopyranoside, methyl-1,9-benzyl-2,6-dichloro-9H-purine, and Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate; these compounds have a significant inhibitory effect on the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) enzyme in silico evaluation and minerals (including zinc, cadmium, and magnesium). Other phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These phytochemicals and minerals may contribute to the aphrodisiac activities of the extract. Additionally, the in vivo study revealed that the administration of M. jalapa root extract (300 mg/kg) significantly enhanced (p < 0.01, p < 0.03) mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequencies while significantly (p < 0.05) decreasing the mount and intromission latencies, as well as the post-ejaculatory interval time, in comparison with the standard drugs sildenafil and ginseng, resulting in enhanced erection and sexual performance in the rats. Furthermore, the extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased penile reflexes and also elevated the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones. Extract (300 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the PDE-5 enzyme in an in vitro study. Concludingly, the comprehensive findings of this study suggest that a standardized herbal extract derived from M. jalapa roots alleviates erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation in male rats. M. jalapa root extract proved to be an alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper Hook. f. leaves (Malvaceae) in male Wistar rats

Introduction: In general medicine, male sexual dysfunction is a major source of worry and consultation. Finding alternative substances like plants to regulate these disturbances is motivated by the side effects of standard aphrodisiac medicines. In the current investigation, male rats were used to test the aphrodisiac effects of an aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper leaves. Methodology: Aphrodisiac effect of the extract was evaluated following a single daily administration of Hibiscus asper at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters such as mounting and intromission frequencies, mounting, intromission and ejaculatory latencies, sexual motivation were monitored on days 1, 4 and 8. At the end of the experiment, the grapping test was assessed, after which the animals were sacrificed and blood collected for the evaluation of cholesterol, fructose, proteins, acid phosphatase, testosterone, and other androgen-dependent enzymes. Some androgen-dependent organs, such as the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and levator ani muscle, were also removed for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: The administration of the aqueous extract of H. asper leaves had a significant impact on sexual behaviour, increasing mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and ejaculatory latency (EL), and reducing mounting latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). There was also an enhancement in orientational activities, libido, arousal and potency. Cholesterol, acid phosphatase, vesicular fructose, proteins, nitric oxide and testosterone levels were all significantly increased in treated animals. Conclusion: These findings support the traditional use of H. asper leaves to enhance male sexual behavior by demonstrating the aphrodisiac potential of these plants.

Ethnological validation of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal) ghrita as ‘Vajikarana Rasayana’: In-silico, in-vitro and in-vivoapproach

Ethnopharmacological relevanceProcessing cow ghee (clarified butterfat) with therapeutic herbs, i.e. ghrita, is recognized for augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of plant materials. Ashwagandha ghrita (AG) is an effective Ayurvedic formulation consisting of Indian ginseng, i.e., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, the main constituent used to treat infertility, weakness, gynaecological disorders, and general debility. ObjectivesThe present investigation was undertaken to corroborate the ethnopharmacological claim of AG as ‘Vajikarana Rasayana’ for its aphrodisiac potential using bioinformatics (in-silico) and experimental (in-vitro and in-vivo) approaches. MethodsAG was formulated as per the methods reported in Ayurved sarsangraha. AG was further subjected to HPLC, GCMS analysis, and biological (acute toxicity and aphrodisiac) assessment per the standard procedures. Thirty-eight bioactives of Indian ginseng were subjected to computational studies (molecular docking and network pharmacology) to confirm the plausible mechanism. ResultsAG was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body wt., and it showed dose-dependent upsurge (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, wherever necessary) in mount and intromission frequency, genital grooming, and anogenital sniffing at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight suggesting aphrodisiac activity. In-vitro studies demonstrated significant relaxation of the Corpus Cavernosal Smooth Muscle at all concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the results of molecular modelling studies were in agreement with the biological activity and showed interaction with phosphodiesterase-5 as a possible target. ConclusionAG exhibited an aphrodisiac effect and substantiated the traditional claim of Indian ginseng-based ghrita formulation as ‘Vajikarana Rasayana’.

The aphrodisiac potential of β-cyclodextrin–curcumin via stimulating cAMP-PKA pathway in testicular Leydig cells

The water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–curcumin (CDC) is used in pharmaceutical applications and as a natural food colorant. The previous study revealed that curcumin potentially impacted the reproductive system. The present study investigated the possible roles of the CDC in testosterone secretion in Leydig cells and mice. Primary Leydig cells were treated with the CDC to determine their effect on cell proliferation, testosterone levels, the protein and mRNA expression of the transcription factor, and steroidogenic enzymes. Our data showed that CDC stimulated testosterone production via upregulating transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and steroidogenic enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), 3β-/17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3β/17β-HSD, HSD3b1/HSD17b1). CDC could significantly stimulate H89-suppressed StAR and CREB expression but not reverse melatonin-suppressed StAR expression. We further detected the hormonal activity with transgenic yeast, and CDC showed potential androgenic antagonistic activity. Meanwhile, we investigated its aphrodisiac effect on hydrocortisone-induced mice. Exposure to hydrocortisone decreased the mating ability, reproductive organs, and testosterone level and disrupted testicular histology. However, all of these effects were significantly improved by CDC treatment. In conclusion, these results indicated that mechanisms of CDC in stimulating testosterone production involve upregulating the cAMP-PKA pathway.

Allium cameleon extract improved androgenesis and sexual behavior in male rat (Rattus norvegicus) via attenuation of oxidative damages increased sexual hormone and NO/cGMP cascade

Objective: Allium cameleon Cronquist (1981) (Liliaceae) is a bulb belonging to the garlic family, known as a medicinal plant used for its aphrodisiac activities in Cameroonian folk medicine. The present study was conducted to assess the aphrodisiac potentials of Allium cameleon aqueous extracts and investigate on the possible mechanisms by which this could be accomplished. Methods: The behavioral and biochemical tests were used to detect the aphrodisiac properties. The conceivable mechanisms of action of the aqueous extracts were investigated through determination of sexual hormones, nitric oxide, cGMP, and antioxidant activities in male rats treated with different plant extract concentrations. Results: Allium cameleon enhanced sexual excitement, improved semen quality, and the concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH. Levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH) were improved. Penile nitric oxide and cGMP levels were boosted. Significant stimulation in sexual behavior, elevated spermatic production, raised of viability, morphology, count and sperm mobility were also observed. Treated animals exhibited elevated levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Allium cameleon possess aphrodisiac properties in rats that might be involve in the attenuation of oxidative damage, but also in the increase of sexual hormones production and NO/cGMP cascade.

In vitro and in vivo effects of Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. (Meliaceae) leaf on erectile dysfunction in male rats

Background: Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. (Meliaceae) is exploited as a popular antimalarial herbal medicine in Nigeria, externally in treating skin diseases, and to enhance libido.Objectives: This study evaluates the aphrodisiac potential of K. grandifoliola leaf in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Aphrodisiac property was determined by oral administration of graded doses: 100, 250 and 1000 mg/kg of crude methanol (MeOH) extract of K. grandifoliola leaf, and 100 and 200 mg/kg each of aqueous (AQ) and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions to male rats using standard procedure. Sildenafil citrate and distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Sexual behavioural parameters like mounting, intromission and ejaculatory frequencies and latencies were recorded on day 7. Anti-lipid peroxidation effect and serum testosterone concentrations were also monitored.&#x0D; Results: From the sexual behavioural study, MeOH extract of the leaf was active and significantly increased mount and ejaculatory frequencies, and decreased mount and ejaculatory latencies in a dose dependent manner, but had no effect on intromission latency and intromission frequency. Both AQ and DCM fractions were more active than extract, comparable to Sildenafil citrate, but DCM fraction was comparatively more active. Testosterone concentrations were also increased dose-dependently by all tested agents, but DCM fraction was the most active and comparable to Sildenafil citrate. Only DCM fraction significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation but was not comparable to Vitamin E.Conclusion: From all indications, MeOH extract and fractions of K. grandifoliola leaf which increased serum testosterone and sexual behavioural indices has potential for improving sexual dysfunction in males, and the more active DCM fraction qualifies for further phytochemical investigation to isolate active compounds. These findings therefore justify the acclaimed local use of K. grandifoliola leaf in treating male infertility.

In Silico Identification of Protein Targets for Drug-like Compounds from Epicarp Extract of Cola rostrata K. Shum

Fruit epicarp has been found to contain several bioactive compounds which are useful for herbal treatment of several ailments and diseases. The phytochemicals present in C. rostrata epicarp as well as their potential to bind to human proteins and modify their function have not been investigated. This study, therefore, identified the top protein targets of drug-like components of C. rostrata epicarp extract in humans as well as the disease conditions associated with the targets. The identities of constituents of methanol and n-hexane fractions of absolute ethanol extract of C. rostrata epicarp were determined via GCMS analysis. Druglikeness (adherence to Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge filters) and the protein targets of drug-like constituents were determined using SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction web tools. GCMS analyses revealed the presence of 49 compounds in the n-hexane and methanol fractions. Corynan-16-carboxylic acid, 16,17-didehydro-9,17-dimethoxy-, methyl ester, (16E)-, a yohimbine derivative, was abundant (13.33%) in the methanol fraction. The n-hexane fraction was rich in odd-chain fatty acids and phytosterols. Four drug-like compounds were identified in the fractions: (1) Azelaic acid, monoethyl ester; (2) 3-(2-Methoxymethoxyethylidene)-2,2 dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; (3) Cyclododecanol, 1-aminomethyl-, and (4) Corynan-16-carboxylic acid, 16,17-didehydro-9,17-dimethoxy-, methyl ester, (16E)-. The predicted top protein targets of the drug-like compounds include carbonic anhydrase II, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B, sphingosine kinase 1, maltase-glucoamylase, adenosine A2b receptor, P2X purinoceptor 7, MAP kinase p38 alpha, δ-opioid receptor, and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. Findings show that C. rostrata epicarp contains drug-like phytochemicals with potential against cancer, diabetes, pain and inflammatory diseases, and the extract could have aphrodisiac potential.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) Leaves with on Sexual Activity of Male Rats

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effects of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaves on the sexual activity of animal model (male rat)&#x0D; Methods: Acute toxicity was performed according to OECD Guideline 423, by a dose limit of 2000 mg /kg body weight. The observations (during 14 days) focused on the number of deaths, convulsions, sleep and coma. Study of sexual activity has been realized by using 20 male rats, distributed in 4 lots of 5 animals. Group 1 treated with distilled water, group 2 treated with 5 mg/kg B.W. of sildenafil citrate and the other two batches received respectively the doses 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Females in estrus state (in heat) were introduced for a period of 30 minutes. During this period, parameters of sexual behavior were recorded. At the end of the 8-day treatment, organs such as penis testicles, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis and elevator muscle were removed. These organs were studied in order to determine pharmacological effects of aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria.&#x0D; Results: The aqueous extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria showed no evidence of single dose toxicity (2000 mg/kg) when studying acute toxicity. Ride latency time, coitus latency time and ejaculation latency time was significantly decreased (P&lt;0.001) with regard to negative control (distilled water). Ride frequency, coitus fraquency and ejaculation frequency was significantly increased (P&lt;0.001) with regard to negative control (distilled water). No significant difference (P˃0.05) has been recorded on organ androgeno-dependant.&#x0D; Conclusion: Aqueous extract of R. vomitoria has sexual stimulating activity or an aphrodisiac potential which could justify its traditional use. The aphrodisiac potential is higher at the dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w .

A Review on Protective Action of Herbal Drugs Against Fall-Off Libido Due to Chronic Use of Β-Blockers(Propranolol)

From the ancient times human have always tried to correct the sex related problems from various herbal medicinal plants and their extracts with various dosage forms. The history of sex therapy is very old and herbal drugs have been the great reliever as the sex therapy from the evolution of human. Instead of the current scenario with the synthetic compounds the herbal drugs are far more safe and comparatively effective without any serious side effects. Antihypertensives such as β-blockers can cause the side effects which are responsible for the diminished quality of life. The chronic use of such drugs can be more fatal in some cases than their actual gain. Several sexual problems can occur such as erectile dysfunction , loss of libido, ejaculation disorders etc. The phytochemicals found in the plants which are having aphrodisiac properties shows sildenafil like effect on human body without the side effects of synthetic compound. The pharmaceutically active compounds found in natural aphrodisiacs such as flavonoids , saponins, free amino acids and vitamins are known to be libido enhancer and hence useful in treating sexual disorders. The natural aphrodisiacs can be derived from any source including medicinal plants , vegetables, flowers ,roots or fruits and their pharmacological potential varies as per the part of the plant used. The target of this review article is to deliver information about medicinal plants for the protective action against fall-off libido due to chronic use of β-blockers and to investigate for further secondary phytochemicals for aphrodisiac potential.

A comparative study of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. root extracts on sexual behaviour in male Wistar rats.

Caesalpinia bonduc is among the traditionally used plant in Benin, for its enhancement of male sexual activity. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential effect of C.bonduc root extracts on sexual behaviour of male Wistar rats. For that, thirty-six rats were allocated into six groups and orally treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (control), Sildenafil citrate (standard) and C.bonduc root extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol) orally for twenty-eight days. Sexual behaviour parameters such as intromission frequency, intromission latency, mount latency and mount frequency were evaluated on day 0, 14 and 28. After the study completion, the body and reproductive organ weights as well as testicular histology and testosterone level were recorded. C.bonduc root extracts treatments had no significant effect on the body weight of rats. Enhancement in sexual behaviour was observed in ethanolic extract treated rats. An significant increase in mount frequency and intromission frequency as well as significant reduction in mount latency and intromission latency were noticed for ethanolic extract. The same extract caused an improvement in testosterone levels, relative testes weight and histological architecture. The findings demonstrate the aphrodisiac potential of C.bonduc root and lend support to the folkloric use as aphrodisiac.

Aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia bullata (Tongkat Ali) in fowl

Objective: To study the aphrodisiac potential of Polyalthia (P.) bullata in fowl. Methods: In this study, testosterone, as an indicator of the aphrodisiac potential of P. bullata, was investigated for its release from TM3 Leydig cells grown in vitro and in 4 fowls given capsules containing P. bullata at a dose of 10 mg in each capsule twice a day, for 50 days. In the latter in vivo evaluation, mating behaviours were additionally determined after the treated fowls were released to the individual hens, and their testes and liver were dissected for histological examinations. Blood drawn from the fowls was assessed for any changes in diagnostic parameters. Results: In the in vitro test (TM3 Leydig cells), P. bullata was able to increase testosterone to 0.48 nmol/L within 72 h of incubation, compared to the untreated control with only 0.18 nmol/L, i.e., an increase of 170%. In the in vivo test, outcomes in the fowls dosed with P. bullata showed similar positive elevations of testosterone to (9.72±1.10) nmol/L in comparison to the controls that showed a level of only (4.05±0.84) nmol/L. Total frequencies of mating behaviours were observed (wing flapping, body shakes, crowing and beak pecking) to be 23 counts for the test compared to only 15 for the control fowls. Histological examination of the male reproductive organs provided evidence of testosterone boosting based on an observable increase in the activity at the seminiferous tubules of testis tissues without any damaging effects, compared to the controls. In the nine diagnostic blood parameters assessed, including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma glutamyltransferase, none was remarkably elevated compared to the controls. The histological changes in the liver were not severe and mainly consisted of only localized moderate but recoverable obstructions and swellings of the vessels and tubules. Conclusions: P. bullata is able to boost testosterone both in vitro and in vivo, with no acute toxicities.