Anxiety Scores In Group Research Articles

The effect of music therapy and breathing exercise on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled study.

For over 50 years, music therapy and breathing exercises have been widely utilized as interventions to help individuals cope with fatigue, stress and pain globally. To analyse the effects of music and breathing exercises on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing coronary angiography. This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. The sample comprised 165 patients: 55 in the control group, 55 in the breathing exercise group and 55 in the music therapy group. Patients in the music group listened to music during angiography, those in the breathing exercise group practised exercises 30 min before the procedure and the control group received standard treatment. Anxiety levels were assessed before and after the procedure, and pain levels were measured post-procedure. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist for reporting randomized trials was used to guide reporting. Anxiety scores rose significantly in the control group from 33.9 ± 4.2 pre-angiography to 37.7 ± 4.9 post-angiography. Conversely, the breathing group's anxiety scores decreased from 34.3 ± 3.5 before angiography to 31.7 ± 1.5 after angiography, and the music group exhibited a reduction from 32.3 ± 3.6 to 30.8 ± 1.6. Post-angiography, the control group reported a mean pain score of 64 ± 0.8 mm, while the breathing and music groups had significantly lower scores of 35 ± 0.6 and 29 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in pain scores between the intervention and control groups. This study provides support for the beneficial effects of employing breathing exercises and music in alleviating pain and anxiety during coronary angiography procedures. Integrating these findings into clinical practice could be significant for improving patients' pain experiences and anxiety, enhancing the tolerance of invasive medical procedures.

Effect of music on preoperative anxiety using the Hamilton State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla

IntroductionTo determine the effectiveness of music in allaying preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for and undergoing surgery for age-related cataract.MethodsThis is a randomised interventional study of individuals aged 50 years...

Intervention effect analysis of alprazolam combined with biofeedback therapy on travel anxiety disorder in college students

BackgroundDue to economic pressure and environmental impact, college students often hesitate when planning their travels, resulting in anxiety to some extent. The conventional treatment method has relatively little effect on the treatment of college students’ travel anxiety disorder, so the study will use alprazolam combined with biofeedback therapy to intervene and treat college students’ travel anxiety disorder.Subjects and Methods 72 college students with travel anxiety disorder from a certain university were selected as the research subjects and divided into Group C and Group D according to the driver allocation method. Group C received traditional medication or psychological intervention, while Group D received a combination of alprazolam and biofeedback therapy. After the experiment, the data was processed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.ResultsThe number of effective cases in Group D reached 30, with an effective rate of 95.38%, while Group C only had 81.54%, significantly lower than Group D; After treatment, the anxiety score of Group D was 29.1 ± 3.6, lower than Group C’s 39.0 ± 3.8, and significantly lower than the 41.7 ± 3.9 before the experiment; After treatment, the number of nausea and vomiting in Group D was 1, appetite loss was 3, and hair loss was 2 points, both lower than those in Group C. The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment was relatively low.ConclusionsThe combination of alprazolam and biofeedback therapy is effective in the intervention and treatment of travel anxiety disorder in college students.

Effect of binaural beat music and noise cancelling headphones on intraoperative anxiety in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia - A randomised controlled study.

This study aimed to determine the effects of music and active noise cancellation on intraoperative anxiety in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. After obtaining ethical approval, this randomised controlled study was conducted in adult patients (18-50 years of age) of either gender. Patients were randomly allocated to binaural beat music (Group A), noise cancellation (Group B) or no headphones (Group C) group (n = 36 in each group). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6) score and Visual Analogue Score for Satisfaction (VAS-S) were noted preoperatively and at the end of surgery. In addition, Ramsay sedation scores and Likert communication difficulty scores were noted at 30 min intraoperatively. Haemodynamic parameters were noted preoperatively and at different intervals intraoperatively till the end of the surgery. There was a significant decrease in anxiety scores in Group A, Group B and Group C with postoperative STAI-6 scores (mean ± standard deviation) of 7.8 ± 1.7, 11.7 ± 4.2 and 14.7 ± 5.3, respectively. The difference was significant in Groups A and B compared to Group C (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction scores in Groups A and B were better than in Group C (7.3 ± 1.7 and 6.2 ± 1.6 vs. 5.2 ± 1.3, respectively). Sedation scores and communication difficulty was significantly better in Groups A and B compared to Group C. Systolic blood pressure was significantly better intra- and postoperatively. There were no significant differences in other haemodynamic parameters on most occasions. Music and noise-cancellation headphones can reduce anxiety and improve satisfaction and sedation scores in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia.

THE IMPACT OF RELATIVE INCOME ON FARMERS' PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND ANXIETY INHIBITION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

THE IMPACT OF RELATIVE INCOME ON FARMERS' PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND ANXIETY INHIBITION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

The Association of Insomnia with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

ObjectiveInsomnia is common in patients undergoing surgery. It can increase the rate of postoperative complications, interfere with patient recovery, and decrease hospital satisfaction. However, there are few studies on perioperative insomnia. This study was conducted to investigate the differences in the demographic, health status, and clinical characteristics of patients with and without insomnia postoperatively, and to identify the potential risk factors of insomnia.MethodsThere were 299 non-cardiac surgery patients, 165 females, and 134 males, with a mean age of 55 years, enrolled in the study. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to all the patients preoperatively. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used preoperatively, and at the end of the surgery, and then one day, two days, and three days after surgery. The PHQ-9, the GAD-7, and the ISI were repeated three days after surgery. Insomnia was diagnosed by the ISI as being a score of 8–28 (mild: 8–14; moderate-severe: 15–21; severe: 22–28). The patients were divided into group A (with insomnia, N=78) and group B (without insomnia, N=221) according to their ISI score three days after surgery. The general clinical data of the two groups were analyzed first, and then binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors of insomnia.ResultsA total of 299 non-cardiac surgery patients with a mean age of 55 years were enrolled in the study. Of the included patients, the number of females was 165 and the number of the male was 134. The incidence of insomnia at 3 days postoperatively was 26.1% (78/299). The average points that group A patients scored in the ISI, PHQ-9, and the GAD-7 were significantly higher than those in group B. The VAS score three days after surgery was significantly higher in group A. The PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 three days after surgery showed significantly higher depression and anxiety scores in group A. Logistic regression showed that the ISI (p<0.001, 95% CI=1.218–1.500) and the GAD-7 (p=0.003, 95% CI=1.041–1.218) preoperatively, and the PHQ-9 postoperatively (p<0.001, 95% CI=1.226–1.555), were risk factors of insomnia.ConclusionInsomnia is common and can worsen after surgery. The present study suggests that depression and anxiety are risk factors for insomnia after surgery. There is a need for further research and the development of strategies for depression and anxiety management to ensure better sleep quality for patients, which will be of significant benefit to their health.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study was registered at clinical trial (NCT04027751); Trial registration: clinical trial, NCT04027751. Registered 22 July 2019; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04027751?cond=NCT04027751&cntry=CN&draw=2&rank=1.

Investigating the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease patients undergoing an exercise‐primed transcranial direct current stimulation clinical trial (The EXPRESS Study)

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common features of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and are associated with poorer cognition. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non‐invasive type of brain stimulation, has been investigated for the treatment of some NPS in a few small AD studies, but with negative results for apathy and depression. Priming the brain with an excitatory intervention, such as exercise, may elicit greater changes if applied prior to tDCS. Using data from an ongoing blinded study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between NPS and cognition in MCI and mild AD.MethodMCI or mild AD participants were enrolled in a two‐week, randomized, blinded clinical trial investigating the effects of exercise‐primed tDCS for cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). NPS were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) subscales. A Pearson’s correlation determined the relationship between NPI scores and the MoCA at baseline in patients who received exercise‐primed tDCS or tDCS alone. A repeated measures analysis of variance compared changes in NPI scores between the two treatment groups over time. As the study is ongoing, the treatment groups have been randomly coded as Group 1 and Group 2 to avoid unblinding.ResultAt baseline, participants (N=13) were 76.5±7.2 years of age, MoCA score= 20.9±3.6, 53% female, and 53% MCI. Nine (69.2%) participants reported having at least one NPS (NPI Score ≥ 1). Apathy (46.2%), sleep disturbances (38.5%), agitation (30.8%), and anxiety (30.8%) were the most prevalent NPS. At baseline, only anxiety was negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r=‐0.57, p=0.041; Figure 1). There were no significant differences between treatment groups on anxiety scores over time (F(1,10)= 2.4, p=0.16). However, after controlling for baseline MoCA scores, there was a significantly greater reduction on anxiety scores in Group 1 (‐0.83±1.3) compared to Group 2 over time (0±0; F(1,9)= 5.3, p=0.047).ConclusionRecruitment is ongoing (total N=30). Only anxiety was associated with poorer cognition at baseline. There were differences between treatment groups on anxiety scores over time, after controlling for baseline MoCA scores. It remains to be seen, after unblinding, whether the group with reduction in anxiety was receiving the primed intervention.

Centering, Affective Regulation, and Exposure (CARE) Group: Mindful Meditation and Movement for Youth with Anxiety

ABSTRACT Anxiety is common in adolescents, when acuity spikes, higher intensity services may be required. However, it can be challenging to retain these adolescents in ongoing care once a crisis resolves. The aim of this quality improvement study was to evaluate within the crisis management segment of our behavioral health-care system the potential benefit of a mindful movement intervention for reducing anxiety in, and improving retention of acutely anxious adolescents in “bridging” clinical care while waiting for “step-down” (i.e., from inpatient to outpatient) or “step-up” (i.e., high acuity outpatient referrals to clinics with waiting lists) services. We referred 87 “bridging” youth to one of eight 6-session, 90-minute Centering, Affective Regulation, and Exposure (CARE) groups. Most (n = 81, 93%) began and 56 (64%) completed CARE. Pre/post group anxiety scores declined significantly (youth, p <.02; parent, p =.001); qualitative reports were consistent with these findings. Treatment engagement more than doubled (33% to 73% retention) and use of higher intensity services declined (no study participants were readmitted in 30 days or 90 days compared to historical readmission rates of 9.5% for 30 days or 15.6% for 90 days). Results are consistent with previous studies that suggest interventions that include meditation and mindful movement lead to lower emotional dysregulation and anxiety symptoms in youth. Importantly, participants were more likely to remain engaged in outpatient treatment and were less likely to be rehospitalized than prior to the implementation of CARE. Our institution has expanded CARE for youth with transdiagnostic anxiety/depression and has adapted CARE for youth with intellectual/developmental delays. Further empirical investigation appears warranted.

Mothers' Depression, Anxiety, and Mental Representations After Preterm Birth: A Study During the Infant's Hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Aim: This paper aimed to explore psychological functioning and mental representations in mothers of preterm infants during the child's hospitalization in a Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: A sample including 62 mothers of premature infants (gestational age < 37 weeks) was recruited in a NICU. According to the gestational age at the time of delivery, we considered two groups: Group A included mothers whose children were born before 32 weeks of pregnancy; Group B included mothers whose children were born at or after 32 weeks of pregnancy.Within one week of childbirth, mothers were administered two self-report questionnaires: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). When their infants' medical conditions became stable, the Clinical Interview for Parents of High-Risk Infants (CLIP) was administered to mothers.Results: The results showed high levels of depression and anxiety in both groups of mothers, with higher state anxiety scores in Group A than Group B. Besides, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with STAI, EPDS, and gestational age as predictors on the CLIP scores. Results indicated that EPDS scores predicted CLIP scores on parental self-image, support system, and readiness for discharge (p < 0.001); moreover, the interaction among depression, anxiety, and gestational age predicted the CLIP dimension of feeling of mutual recognition (p < 0.005).Conclusions: These findings suggested that a premature birth and the child's hospitalization might exert a negative effect on the mothers' emotional state, their perception of parental self-image and, consequently, the early bond with the child—independent from the infants' gestational age at the time of the preterm delivery. The data underlined the importance of involving NICU nurses and clinicians in order to optimize the care for mothers immediately after the preterm birth and during the infant's hospitalization, taking into account psychological needs of mothers of both very preterm and moderately preterm infants.

The incremental validity of criteria B and C for diagnosis of Trichotillomania in children and adults

DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for Trichotillomania (TTM) specify that hair pulling (criterion A) be associated with tension prior to pulling (criterion B) and relief, pleasure, or gratification while pulling (criterion C). However, research suggests that the phenomena described by criteria B and C may not apply to all who engage in repetitive hair pulling. The current study explored the incremental validity of criteria B and C in children and adults. Participants from the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP; n=238) and the Trichotillomania Impact Project (TIP; n=1659) were grouped according to diagnostic criteria endorsed: (1) absence of criteria B and C, (2) presence of criterion B or C (but not both), and (3) criteria B and C. Groups did not differ on measures of TTM severity; automatic pulling; depression; age of onset; and social, interpersonal, and academic functioning. Differences included lower focused pulling scores in group 1, higher anxiety scores in group 3 children, and greater pulling severity in group 3 adults. The results obtained suggest that criteria B and C add little differential information to the overall clinical picture of TTM. Intervention and research should give equal attention to all who present with hair pulling causing marked distress/impairment.

The Effects of Simulated Clinical Experiences on Anxiety: Nursing Students' Perspectives

Background Beginning baccalaureate nursing students (BSNs) are known to be apprehensive the first time they are required to provide patient care within a hospital setting. This study assesses the effect of simulation as an initial clinical experience on nursing students' anxiety levels. Method Junior-level BSN students enrolled in the fundamentals and health assessment courses at a southeastern university were assigned randomly to two groups: preclinical simulation experience (intervention) and no simulation experience prior to human patient contact. Anxiety levels were compared between the groups. The intervention was a mock hospital unit simulation in the learning resource center, which allowed each student to care for a simulated patient for 4 hours. A patient problem was incorporated into each scenario. The outcome measure was the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results The experimental group's anxiety scores were significantly lower ( p = .01) than the control group's scores (11.0 ± 2.8 vs. 13 ± 3.4). Conclusion These findings demonstrate the value of a simulation experience to reduce anxiety levels among junior-level nursing students.

Single dose of preoperative analgesia with gabapentin (600 mg) is safe and effective in monitored anesthesia care for nasal surgery

This study was aimed to compare the intraoperative sedative and perioperative analgesic drug requirements and the incidences of postoperative side effects on the patients who received preoperative gabapentin or placebo. Sixty patients undergoing nasal septal or nasal sinus surgery were included. The patients received either 600 mg gabapentin (Group G) or placebo (Group P) orally, 1 h before surgery. The scores for sedation and pain were recorded at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, intraoperatively and at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24 h, postoperatively. Sedation was achieved with an IV bolus of propofol and continuous infusion of remifentanil. There were significant differences between gabapentin and placebo groups with regard to total consumptions of remifentanil (171.42 + or - 68 vs. 219.17 + or - 95 microg, respectively; P = 0.033) and propofol (59.45 + or - 36.08 vs. 104.14 + or - 54.98 mg, respectively; P = 0.001). Group G patients had significantly lower intraoperative VAS scores at all time points (P < 0.05). The anxiety score of Group G was better at all times (P < 0.05). All postoperative pain scores were lower in the Group G (P < 0.05). Time to first request for analgesic was 12.7 + or - 2.3 h in Group G, and 7.8 2.1 h in Group P (P < 0.0001). Total consumption of lornoxicam was lower in Group G (P < 0.004). We concluded that monitored anesthesia care combined with preoperative analgesia with a low dose of (600 mg) oral gabapentin is an efficient option with tolerable side effects for patients undergoing ear, nose and throat ambulatory surgery.

Is the pain level of patients affected by anxiety during transrectal prostate needle biopsy?

To investigate the effect of anxiety on the pain level of patients during transrectal prostate needle biopsy. A total of 160 consecutive patients underwent prostate biopsy. Group 1 consisted of 86 patients who received bilateral periprostatic infiltration of 5 cm(3) of 2% lidocaine. Group 2 included 74 patients and they received bilateral periprostatic infiltration of 5 cm(3) of 0.9% saline solution. The Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered before the biopsy. The patients' mean pain scores were assessed by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) during digital rectal examination, probe insertion and biopsy. The mean age of the patients was 67.8 years (range 46-79 years). When the two groups were compared regarding the level of pain during DRE and probe insertion, no significant differences were found. The mean VAS score for biopsy was significantly lower in Group 1. In Group 1, the mean VAS scores were similar in patients with no and moderate trait anxiety levels. However, the mean VAS score was significantly higher in patients who had severe trait anxiety than in the others (p=0.002). In Group 2, the differences in VAS scores reached statistical significance between no and moderate, no and severe, and moderate and severe trait anxiety levels (p=0.001). When the state anxiety levels were considered, the mean VAS scores were significantly higher in patients with severe state anxiety scores in Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.003 and 0.001, respectively). We found a significant relationship between trait and state anxiety levels and pain scores in patients who underwent transrectal prostate needle biopsy.

A comparison of oral midazolam, oral tramadol, and intranasal sufentanil premedication in pediatric patients

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral midazolam, tramadol drops, and intranasal sufentanil for premedication of pediatric patients. Sixty children, three to 10 years of age, who were designated as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy as inpatients were randomized to receive a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg (total of 4 ml) midazolam in cherry juice (n=20, Group M), 3 mg/kg tramadol drops (n=20, Group T), or 2 microg/kg intranasal sufentanil (n=20, Group S). Clinical responses (sedation, anxiolysis, cooperation) and adverse effects (respiratory, hemodynamic, etc.) were recorded. Safety was assessed by continuous oxygen saturation monitoring and observation. Vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate) were recorded before drug administration (baseline) and then every 10 minutes until the induction of anesthesia. Mean blood pressure decreased significantly after five minutes of intranasal sufentanil administration relative to Groups M (p < 0.01) and T (p < 0.05), whereas heart rate remained unchanged. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate decreased significantly after 20 and 30 minutes of intranasal sufentanil administration relative to Groups M and T (p < 0.05). Anxiety scores showed rates of 45 percent in Group M, 5 percent in Group T, and 40 percent in Group S. Anxiety scores in Groups M and S were better than those of Group T (p < 0.01). Cooperation scores for face-mask acceptance showed rates of 85 percent in Group M, 45 percent in Group T, and 85 percent in Group S (p < 0.01). Intranasal sufentanil and oral midazolam are more appropriate premedication options than tramadol drops in children.

Auditory startle response during exposure to war stress

This report describes the immediate effect of war stress on physiological measures of the auditory startle responses (ASRs). Ten healthy Israeli subjects were examined 4 months before the Gulf war, during a missile alert on the first day of the war, and 8 months after the war. The magnitude and rate of habituation of orbicularis oculi electromyogram (EMG), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance (SC) responses to 15 consecutive presentations of 95-dB, 0-rise time, 1,000-Hz pure tones were recorded on each occasion, along with self-reports of anxiety. The group's anxiety scores were significantly higher during the war. ASRs, in contrast, remained stable across exposure conditions. However, a decrease in SC habituation was observed in few individuals during the war, and may illustrate a distinctive vulnerability to stress. The results are discussed in light of recent findings of abnormal startle response in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).