Antistatic Treatment Research Articles

Non-thermal, atmosphere pressure and roll-to-roll plasma treatment for improving the surface characteristics and antistatic solution absorption in polyester fabrics

Here, atmospheric pressure, Roll-to-Roll and non-thermal plasma treatment was utilized to modifying the surface characteristics of polyester fabric. Optical emission spectrometer (OES) of the plasma medium, revealed presence of N and O contained species such as N2, OH and CO that their emission lines were increased with the increase of plasma power. The results of AFM and SEM analysis showed the increased roughness in nano dimensions on the fabric surface. Also, ATR-FTIR analysis exhibited the higher peak intensities of C = O, NH and OH functional groups in the treated sample compared to the parent sample. Contact angle and capillarity tests revealed the increased wettability of fabric after plasma treatment that can be due to the increase of physical (confirmed by AFM and SEM) and chemical (confirmed by ATR-FTIR) changes in the fiber surface. By using the variance analysis of capillary results, the optimum (669/2 m min−1/26n) and average (461w/7m min−1/13n) condition of plasma treatment were determined. Finally, the treated sample absorbed antistatic solution at the much faster rate compared to the parent one which can be an advantage for better chemical treatment of fabrics. Moreover, the antistatic treatment of plasma-modified fiber led to change of its resistance from 9.9 × 1010 to 1.8 × 108 Ω. Also, the same values of surface resistance after 30 days, confirmed the good durability of resistance test.

The Current State and Prospects of Recycling Silk Industry Waste into Nonwoven Materials

Natural fibres are the preferred options for garment, technical and medical textiles, nonwovens and composites. Their sustainability is a considerable advantage, though the nature of silk production and processing involves a large amount of waste. The present review explores the current issues of recycling silk waste into nonwovens for various purposes. The article proposes obtaining nonwovens from short fibres using electrospinning of fibroin solutions in volatile solvents. Longer fibres are proposed to be processed into needle-punched nonwoven materials with a selection of an effective antistatic treatment.

Preparation and applications of hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salt type polymeric antistatic agents

Abstract A novel ammonium salt type polymeric antistatic agent (PDSH) was synthesized from methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, styrene, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate via radical polymerization. Antistatic poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS)/PDSH composites were prepared by blending PDSH with ABS resin. The results showed that the surface resistivity of ABS/PDSH composites with PDSH addition decreased significantly. The surface resistivity of ABS/PDSH composites containing 20 wt% PDSH was around 109–1010 Ω, which was about 106 times lower than that of neat ABS. At the same time, ABS/PDSH composites had good thermal stability and hydrophilicity. The PDSH was more uniformly dispersed within the ABS resin and had less influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. With the demonstrated properties, the prepared copolymer PDSH can serve as a well-integrated antistatic agent and display potential for the antistatic treatment of ABS.

Characterization, Antistatic Treatment and Spinnability of Bio-based Polyamide 5,6 Staple Fibers

A new kind of bio-based polyamide 5,6 (PA56) fiber has been synthesized from adipic acid and 1,5-pentanediamine. In this report, the characterization, antistatic treatment, mechanical properties, moisture absorption, mass-specific electrical resistance, and static electricity of the PA56 staple fibers were investigated. The spinnability of the PA56 yarns was studied. The results showed that the breaking strength of the PA56 fibers was 3.55 cN·dtex−1, the breaking elongation was 61.60% and the initial modulus was 49.32 cN·dtex−1. The PA56 staple fibers had an excellent moisture absorption of 4.68% and the easy release of water from the fibers. The release of water absorbed on the staple fibers made the carding processing of the PA56 fibers difficult due to electrostatic aggregation. Thus, an antistatic treatment of the PA56 staple fibers was carried out. Compared with the untreated fibers, the treated fibers exhibited a spectacular improvement in conductivity which led to their high efficiency of carding and good spinnability. The potential of the PA56 staple fibers carding web decreased from +21.2 to +0.04 kv when treated. The mass-specific electrical resistance of the treated PA56 staple fibers decreased from more than 104 MΩ·g·cm−2 to 290 MΩ·g·cm−2 both at a relative humidity (RH) of 35%, and from 1500 to 9.5 MΩ·g·cm−2 both at a 65% RH. The Ring yarn and Siro-spun yarn were successful produced by their spinning systems. The measurement results of the yarns demonstrated that the Siro-spun yarn had better properties than the Ring yarn, such as tensile strength, unevenness (CV%), hairiness index (H) and abrasion resistance.

Research Of EMC Immunity In Mine Switches*

According to serious environment in the coal mine, the safety monitoring system of communication equipment (KJJ137 Switch Of Intrinsically safe flame-proof in mine) susceptible to surge, the group of pulse, and the problem of various kinds of electromagnetic interference on the switches EMC research. The study mainly from the power supply isolation and anti-interference, output signal safety barrier, the whole machine technology research aspects such as antistatic treatment. Experiments show that KJJ137 switches through the power surge immunity experiment, the output signal of pulse noise immunity, electrostatic immunity experiment machine. Various EMC experiment achieves level 4 standard, beyond the coal mine safety regulations require all kinds of interference rejection level 3 standards, make KJJ137 Switch Of Intrinsically safe flame-proof in mine, suitable for all kinds of bad environment of coal mine, ensures the mine safety monitoring system is right.

Antistatic treatment and salbutamol dosing have variable effect on drug delivery of valved holding chambers

AimsOur aim was to evaluate whether the number of puffs or antistatic treatment have significant effect on drug delivery of six different valved holding chambers (VHCs). MethodsWe used simulated paediatric breathing pattern with 25/min frequency and 200 ml tidal volume. When comparing the effect of antistatic treatment, we used 100 μg of salbutamol (one puff Ventolin Evohaler 100 μg/dos) actuated into each VHC before and after detergent wash. When comparing the effect of one or two puffs (100 vs. 200 μg), all VHCs were washed prior to the measurements. ResultsAll VHC were significantly affected by antistatic treatment. Washing improved drug delivery of four VHCs (1.3–2.2 fold increase in median filter dose) but had an opposite effect in two devices (54–61% decrease). The effect of dose doubling resulted in a 2.03–2.93 fold increase on filter dose in two VHCs. Four out of the six VHC showed significantly poorer performance with two puffs as opposed to one puff (ratio of two puffs to one puff varied between 1.19 and 1.77). ConclusionVHCs marketed as antistatic are significantly affected by antistatic treatment. To ensure optimal drug delivery, salbutamol should be actuated to VHCs one puff at a time. Each VHC brand has its unique characteristic that affects drug delivery in a way that cannot be generalised to another VHC. There is a need for universal standardisation of VHCs. Key notesValved holding chambers (VHCs) that are marketed as antistatic are significantly affected by antistatic treatment. Multiple actuations before inhalation tend to decrease the drug delivery efficacy of VHCs. Each VHC brand has its unique characteristic that affects drug delivery in a way that cannot be generalised to another VHC. There is a need for comprehensive and financially independent testing and standardisation of VHCs.

Polymerized ionic liquids as durable antistatic agents for polyether-based polyurethanes

Ionic liquid (IL) fillers, which are composed of polymerized [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, were applied as antistatic agents for polyether-based polyurethane (PU). Surface and volume resistivities of 1010 Ω sq−1 and 108 Ω cm, which are hundred times smaller than those of pristine PU and also are desired values for realizing antistatic effects, were achieved at the concentration of fillers of only 1000 ppm. The fillers exhibited excellent antistatic effect, equivalent to the effect caused by conventional ILs, even though the fillers are solid particles. Temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of the intrinsic fillers was found to follow the Arrhenius model, while that of the filler-PU composites followed the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann model. This suggests that IL units of the fillers are effectively dissociated in the polyether matrix, and migration of the dissociated ions occurs associated with the relaxation of polyether chains. Employing the polymerized ILs, the reduced resistivity was retained also after ultrasonication treatment of films in methanol. The polymerized IL fillers are concluded to be promising additives for the sustainable and durable antistatic treatment of polyurethanes.

Synthesis and characterization of new oligomeric/polymeric antistatic additives for sheet molding composites

ABSTRACTFor various applications it is necessary to lower the specific surface resistivity of polymers in an electrostatically conductive area. To improve the antistatic properties of sheet molding composites (SMC) usually conductive inorganic additives, like carbon black, inorganic salts, metal powder, or CNTs, are mixed physically into the matrix. A newly developed concept for antistatic treatment is using oligomeric/polymeric additives, which are synthesized on the base of ingredients of the used polymeric matrix itself. The received additives are compatible with the matrix. Furthermore, the migration of the additives to the surface is prevented and in the case they exhibit double bonds they are able to be linked in the polymeric network permanently by covalent bonds. So unsaturated, polymer‐based antistatic additives with ionic units were developed for unsaturated polyester resin based SMC. The synthesis was realized by polymer analogous reactions and polycondensation reactions from monomer building blocks with ionic units. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44741.

정전기 방지를 위한 기능성 펄프 트레이 개발

ABSTRACT Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a mate-rial. All packed items that are particularly sensitive to static discharge must be protected by antistatic treatment. Otherwise, static electricity generated by an electrical insulator may cause serious damages to some sensitive electronics. In order to remove or prevent a buildup of static electricity, packed items must be treated with the application of an anti-static agent, which helps any excess charge to be evenly distributed. Functional pulp tray used for packing of electronic goods was developed with application of an antistatic agent. As the concentration of the antistatic agent increased, charging voltage and surface re-sistance of molded pulps decreased. The increase of humidity in surrounding atmosphere around molded pulps led to the decrease of accumulation of static charges. In conclusion, the surface treatment of the antistatic agent not only reduced or eliminated buildup of static electricity in the surface, but also prevented generation of tiny dirts from molded tray. Keywords: Static electricity, electric charges, pulp tray, molded pulp, antistatic agent

Prova broncodilatadora na espirometria: efeito do uso de espaçador de grande volume com tratamento antiestático na resposta ao broncodilatador

To evaluate whether the use of inhaled albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler with a large-volume spacer with antistatic treatment modifies the bronchodilator test results when compared with the usual technique (no spacer). A prospective study involving 24 patients, 18-45 years of age, clinically suspected of having asthma, and under treatment at the Outpatient Pulmonary Clinic of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Hospital das Clínicas, located in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. All of the patients underwent two bronchodilator tests: one with and one without the use of a large-volume spacer. There was no significant difference in the variation of FEV1 prior to and after bronchodilator use between the two techniques (mean ΔFEV1 = 0.01 L; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.06; p = 0.824). No statistically significant difference was found between the two techniques regarding the qualitative results on the bronchodilator test (p = 1.00). There was concordance between the techniques in terms of the bronchodilator test results (kappa coefficient = 0.909; p < 0.005). According to the results of this study, the use of large-volume spacers does not significantly modify bronchodilator test results.

Efeito broncodilatador do salbutamol inalado através de espaçadores com e sem tratamento antiestático

Objetivos: Comparar o efeito broncodilatador do salbutamol inalado através de aerossol dosimetrado acoplado a espaçadores com e sem tratamento antiestático prévio. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, aleatório, aberto e cruzado, no Ambulatório de Pneumologia do Hospital Júlia Kubitschek-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Onze pacientes com asma estável leve a moderada foram submetidos a quatro testes de inalação com 100mig de salbutamol: A) boca aberta, B) espaçador de pequeno volume (50ml) sem tratamento antiestático prévio, C) espaçador de pequeno volume (50ml) com tratamento antiestático prévio e D) espaçador de grande volume (750ml) Fisonair&lt;FONT FACE=Symbol&gt;Ò&lt;/FONT&gt; com tratamento antiestático prévio. O tratamento antiestático consistiu em mergulhar o espaçador em uma solução de água e detergente por dez minutos e deixá-lo secar livremente, sem enxágüe. O principal parâmetro de avaliação foi a variação do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), 15 minutos após cada teste, em valores absolutos, % do previsto e % do basal. Resultados: A mediana (mín.-máx.) de variação absoluta do PFE foi de 25 (5-85), 40 (0-70), 70 (25-83) e 60 (15-90) l/min para os testes A, B, C e D, respectivamente. A mediana de variação do PFE % do basal foi de 7,6, 11,0, 15,0 e 13,3, e a mediana de variação do PFE % do previsto foi de 6,0, 8,7, 12,7 e 10,7 para os testes A, B, C e D, respectivamente. Os resultados dos testes C e D foram significativamente superiores aos dos testes A e B (p &lt; 0,01) nos três métodos analisados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados dos testes C e D. Conclusão: O tratamento antiestático de um espaçador de pequeno volume com solução de água e detergente pode aumentar o efeito antiasmático de drogas inaladas através de aerossol dosimetrado, como ocorreu com o salbutamol neste estudo. Tal fato pode tornar-se ainda mais relevante no tratamento da asma com corticóide inalatório.

Spray-drying performance of a bench-top spray dryer for protein aerosol powder preparation

The objective of this work was to improve a bench-top spray dryer's efficiency in both production recovery and throughput for preparing protein aerosol powders. A Büchi mini-spray dryer was used to prepare the powders of recombinant humanized anti-IgE antibody. The resulting powder's physical properties such as particle size, residual moisture, and morphology, along with its recovery and production rate was the basis of this development work. Mass balance suggests that approximately 10-20% of powder was lost in the exhaust air, consisting primarily of particles less than 2 micrometer. Also, significant loss (20-30%) occurred in the cyclone. Attempts were made to improve product recovery in the receiving vessel using dual-cyclone configurations, different cyclone designs, cyclones with anti-static treatment, and different receiver designs. System modifications such as replacing the original bag-filter unit with a vacuum system effectively reduced drying air flow resistance, allowing the protein to be dried at a lower inlet air temperature and the production scale to be increased. We concluded that the modified spray-drying system is advantageous over the original bench-top spray dryer. This improvement will be beneficial to early-stage research and development involving high-valued protein powders.

Properties and applications of Baytron (PEDT)

During the last 2 decades intensive development work was carried out into organic conductors world-wide. The initial problem encountered in respect of the processability of organic conductors has only recently been solved. Following this, industrial applications can now be opened up for these materials. A commercialy available product 3,4-polyethylene- dioxythiophene (PEDT), has been introduced which satisfies highly stringent requirements in terms of its combination of conductivity, stability and transparency. One application in which this new polymer can be used is in the antistatic treatment of plastics. This article describes treatment of this type, taking the coating of photographic film as an exemple.

Effects of surface treatments and deposition conditions on the adhesion of silicon dioxide thin film on polymethylmethacrylate

Factors influencing the adhesion of silicon dioxide thin film on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were studied. The effects of cleaning, plasma treatment, antistatic treatment, outgas treatment and chromium coating on the adhesion were studied using a five factor and two level L 16 experimental design. The chromium coating had a maximum effect on the adhesion, as confirmed from the L 16 experimental data. The effects of glow discharge treatment, vacuum pressure and deposition rate on the adhesion were also studied using a three factor and two level L 4 experimental design. The glow discharge treatment had a major effect on the adhesion of silicon dioxide thin film, with the vacuum pressure and deposition rate having a minor effect on the adhesion. The surface chemistry and topography of PMMA were changed after glow discharge treatment, as revealed by surface characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy.

The influence of antistatic liquid treatment on the adhesion of fresh coal fly ash particles to acrylic fibres

The work presented in this paper is related to using textile materials as fabric filter bags for fly ash retention from a power station. An experimental study has been performed on the effects of antistatic liquid treatment on the deposition of fresh fly ash onto fibres. It was observed that a thin crust of very fine particles was deposited on the treated fibres and that this crust was not influenced by the material from which the fibres were made. In contrast, on untreated fibres, medium and large particles, distinctly deposited, were seen instead. The adhesion of the encrusted fine particles on the treated fibres was so strong that the particles could not be dislodged by removal accelerations as high as 105 g. In contrast, the larger particles which adhered to the untreated fibres were dislodged at much lower accelerations. The possible causes of the observed deposition and adhesion behaviour due to antistatic treatment are discussed.

Antistatic treatment for reducing airborne contamination of insulating materials in intensive care.

In an effort to reduce airborne contamination by Staphylococcus epidermidis harboured on emitted skin scales, items used in patient care were studied as regards bacterial contamination and electrical resistance. An alcoholic benzalkonium chloride sodium was used to coat stopcocks, latex drains, silicon drains and plastic covering. Static electricity did not accumulate when the insulating resistance was less than 10(9) to 10(10) ohms. Study items not treated with the antistatic solution had resistances of greater than 2 x 10(12) ohms, which decreased to 2 x 10(6) to 8 x 10(10) ohms following antistatic treatment. The resistance of the silicon drain before and after antistatic exposure remained unchanged; an increase in its weight after treatment suggests absorption rather than the solution adhering to its surface. Statistically significantly lowered aerobic bacterial colony counts occurred from study items antistatistically treated as compared to those items left untreated. The coating of an entire room and its metal contents failed to decrease bacterial contamination. The results suggest that coating of insulating objects with an antistatic solution will reduce electrical resistance and thereby airborne bacterial contamination.

Surface antistatic treatment of polyamide yarns with long-chain quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid

A surface treatment of polyamide yarns in the stages of spinning and stretching has been described, with aqueous solutions of long-chain quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, with subsequent heat-setting, as a result of which the yarns acquire long-term antistatic properties.

Antistatic treatment for angiographic film changers.

The authors describe the use of an antistatic cloth to eliminate static from the film used in a neuroangiographic unit.

Anti-Static Treatment of 'Perspex' for Use in Picture Frames

In comparison with glass, more than the usual amount of dust may be expected to collect on 'Perspex'* acrylic sheet. The reason is that, in common with other plastics, 'Perspex' is a good electrical insulator, so that it can accumulate static charges which attract particles of dust from a distance. A surface may become charged by mere contact with another material, but any friction increases the effect, and rubbing invariably produces high charges. Wiping 'Perspex' clean with a cloth unhappily generates, therefore, the right conditions for re-attraction of dust. Although charges cannot leak away through an insulating material itself, discharge can occur by sparks to earth through the air. This results in only partial discharge, though, and the non-uniform electric fields from the remaining charges strongly attract dust to produce intricate patterns (Lichtenberg figures). A solution of these problems lies in making the 'Perspex' surfaces sufficiently conducting to enable charges to flow away rapidly to earth; this note describes suitable anti-static treatment for 'Perspex' with picture-framing applications in mind.

The Development of Antistatic Treatment of Symthetic Fiber

The Development of Antistatic Treatment of Symthetic Fiber