To assess if previous andrological surgery can influence development of antisperm antibodies. This retrospective study includes all infertile male patients (n = 2,415) who underwent MAR (Mixed Autoglobulin Reaction) test and urologic examination visited in a Tertiary Fertility Center, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano (MI), from 2000 to 2020. Sperm quality (assessed by the number of spermatozoa, their motility, vitality and normal form) was also evaluated. Among these patients, 192 had previously undergone unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia surgery repair. The aim of the study was to evaluate if there is a higher incidence of positive MAR test among patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty compared to the unselected infertile population. Antisperm antibody titers were significantly increased in patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair and other andrological surgeries, respectively 3.19 (95%CI 2.02 – 5.04; p <0.001) and 3.71 (95%CI 2.22 – 6.20; p <0.001) higher than the unselected infertile population. Except for autoimmunity, the sperm quality parameters did not change following andrological surgery. MAR test could be useful in patients undergone previous scrotal surgery or hernia correction men, to avoid false unexplained infertility diagnosis and to direct the couple to ART procedures.