Anti-Semitism In America Research Articles

Sammy Gronemann’s “Little Mirror”: Translating Tohuwabohu into Utter Chaos

Abstract Reflecting on her English translation of Sammy Gronemann’s novel Tohuwabohu (originally published in German in 1920), which was released under the title Utter Chaos in 2016, Penny Milbouer’s essay reconstructs the enthusiastic reception of the novel by Albert Einstein, a discerning and knowledgeable reader. Milbouer explores the resonance between Gronemann’s and Einstein’s perspectives on modern German Jewish identity, nationalism, and antisemitism. Her essay examines Einstein’s disillusionment with American Jews’ assimilationist tendencies and analyses reasons for the failure to recognize Gronemann’s satire. Delving into Einstein’s experiences with antisemitism in America, Milbouer describes his evolving views on Zionism, contrasting American and European Jewish identities in the “little mirror” of Gronemann’s novel. Her conclusion highlights the contemporary relevance of Gronemann’s satire and Einstein’s warnings about the persistence of antisemitism, confirming that American Jews cannot escape confronting their identity or responding to discrimination and persecution.

Trends in Jewish Young Adult Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism in America from 2017 to 2019

Since 2016, a series of horrific acts motivated by antisemitism appear to have caused a fundamental shift in the prevalence of antisemitism in the United States. Little is known, however, about how the events during this time have affected the day-to-day experiences and concerns of American Jews. Using repeated cross-sectional data from surveys of Jewish young adults who applied to Birthright Israel, this paper analyzes recent trends in Jewish young adults’ experiences and perceptions of antisemitism. Despite the high-profile incidents during this period, there is no evidence of a major increase in experiences of antisemitic harassment among Jewish young adults—either on or off campus—between 2017 and 2019. At the same time, data show a substantial increase in concerns among young Jews about antisemitism in the United States and on college campuses, with concerns about antisemitism in the United States (but not on campus) being especially concentrated among liberal Jews. These results suggest that Jewish concerns about antisemitism are linked to broader views about the climate for marginalized populations in the United States. They also point to growing Jewish anxieties over violence, safety, and acceptance in the United States. In an era of widely disseminated antisemitic conspiracy theories, even young Jews who have no first-hand experience of antisemitic harassment have become concerned.

Trends in the Study of Antisemitism in United States History

Trends in the Study of Antisemitism in United States History1 Britt P. Tevis (bio) Identifying trends in the study of antisemitism in American history is a complicated task because historians have mostly focused their attention on other aspects of the American Jewish experience.2 Further, by and large, those works that examine antisemitism in the United States posit that anti-Jewish animus has been relatively fleeting and generally marginal to United States history and the American Jewish experience. Indeed, antisemitism in the United States has most often been framed as an outlier and premodern relic. According to this argument, America's [End Page 255] commitment to religious freedom, democracy, and pluralism has deterred the state from perpetuating anti-Jewish discrimination or bigoty. Thus, understanding antisemitism in America requires studying social spaces and parsing personal interactions between Jews and non-Jews.3 Systemic forms of discrimination such as university quotas, violent incidents such as the lynching of Leo Frank, and the dissemination of anti-Jewish propaganda by influential Americans such as Henry Ford appear as outliers. Simply stated, to the extent that American Jewish historians have examined antisemitism, it has been largely to dismiss it as a serious, lasting problem woven into the fabric of US history. The tendency to present antisemitism in the United States as atypical, momentary, and confined to private realms is especially noteworthy in several important surveys of American Jewish history.4 Trends in scholarship on antisemitism in the United States must be understood in the context of how American Jewish historians have promoted the idea that antisemitism in the United States has been a relatively insignificant aberration.5 As this article shows, conceptualizations of antisemitism as irregular, relatively harmless, and primarily social originated in the 1950s, when academic historians first took an interest in studying American antisemitism in the context of a larger debate about populism, exceptionalism, and objectivity. The essential voices to emerge from this discussion were those of immigration historians Oscar Handlin (1915–2011) and John Higham (1920–2003). Their conceptualizations of anti-Jewish animus became touchstones for discussion of antisemitism in subsequent decades. Though Handlin and Higham disagreed on certain details, they agreed on antisemitism's limited significance and short-lived nature, seeing in it a vestige rather than a manifestation of modernity. Since the 1970s, some historians have advanced an understanding of anti-Jewish animus [End Page 256] that recognizes it as both a persistent force, which existed beyond social realms. Still, Handlin and Higham's ideas (especially Higham's) remain influential, and many American Jewish historians continue to present antisemitism as largely insignificant, momentary, primarily social. Recognizing the weight of Handlin and Higham's claims in American Jewish historical scholarship from the past seventy years renders the state of the field and its attendant trends understandable. Because most historians who have published on the history of antisemitism in American history have done so either as dissenters within the field of American Jewish history or as historians from other fields interested in examining anti-Jewish animus in passing, collectively, existing scholarship presents antisemitism as episodic. Periodic surges in interest have proved short-lived and thus pertinent research has appeared haphazardly. Research exploring given incidents or themes have materialized here and there yet the dynamics and nature of antisemitism in the United States have yet to be sufficiently theorized or explained. At the same time, despite the diffuse nature of relevant scholarship, collectively it suggests that anti-Jewish animus constitutes an integral feature of American history, rather than a momentary and relatively innocuous phenomenon that is unrelated to the state.6 Accordingly, this article concludes by offering some suggestions for future researchers. FORMATIVE SCHOLARSHIP ON ANTISEMITISM IN THE UNITED STATES Academic historians first took interest in antisemitism in the United States in the 1950s just as American Jewry came to the discipline's attention.7 American historians considered anti-Jewish animus in the United States as they engaged in contemporaneous debates about populism, the late nineteenth-century political movement of farmers and laborers, and reassessed 1930s scholarship.8 As they developed their narratives of American history, scholars such as Richard Hofstadter, Daniel Boorstin, and [End Page 257] others articulated divergent views on...

The Russian-Jewish New York, the Balfour Declaration and the Revolution in Russia in Leon Kobrin's Play Back to Your People!

The article analyzes Kobrin’s play Back to Your People! and the Yiddish press reviews of its performances in New York at Boris Thomashevsky’s Peoples Theater in December 1917 by A. Cahan, I. Vartsman, B. Gorin and others. Critics defined the genre of Kobrin’s play variously as “national drama”, “sentimental melodrama”, “modern sketch” and “tendentious drama” but unanimously noted that it was a direct response to the landmark events of 1917, including the Russian Revolution and the Balfour Declaration. These events triggered nationalist feelings and had a significant impact on Jewish socialists like Kobrin, whose writing and political views were strongly influenced by Russian populism. The play depicted a dramatic clash between two cultural models: an American banker as a “self-made man” and the Russian-Jewish intellectual and Zionist leader. It reflected the issues of inter-generational conflicts, Jewish assimilation and anti-Semitism in America. Kobrin portrayed representatives of conservative and liberal circles in American society and demonstrated different attitudes towards the tragedy experienced by European Jewry during the First World War. The depiction of the younger generation allowed Kobrin to show the American university milieu, the work of the settlement house movement and the educational institutions for the Jewish immigrants. The play touched upon the social, intellectual and political life on the Lower East Side.

Confronting Antisemitism in America: Louis Marshall and Henry Ford

Louis Marshall served as president of the American Jewish Committee (AJC) from 1912 until his death in 1929. In that capacity, he became the man to whom Jewish issues of the time were referred.' He brought to that task both a passionate commitment to the well-being of the Jewish people and a blend of principle and pragmatism that reflected his long experience as a lawyer, his faith in America's constitutional democracy, and a deeply considered view of the status of Jews in America. American born, he felt confidently at home both as an American and a Jew. He moved easily between his role as a busy and successful lawyer and his representation of Jewish institutions and the causes they embodied. Most notably, in a period of increasingly outspoken antisemitism, Mar shall gave vigorous expression to the view that the protection and promo tion of Jewish interests in America required neither self-ghettoization nor self-denial but rather the skillfull and tenacious invocation of undeniably American values—freedom of speech, freedom of religion, respect for human equality and diversity. Articulating Jewish communal interests in terms that resonated with America's self-proclaimed aspirations, he was neither timid nor insecure but vociferously refused to recognize any legiti mate distinction between the rights of Jews and all the other minorities of which America is composed. In doing so he shaped the strategy that guided the Jewish community through the 20th century and down to the present day. Marshall's response to a particularly dramatic antisemitic challenge, the campaign against American Jews by Henry Ford's Dearborn Independent, provides an illuminating case study. On May 22, 1920, the Dearborn Independent, a weekly journal owned by Ford, published the first of the extended series of antisemitic articles for which it soon became infamous. The first two issues were on Marshall's desk almost immediately. The gravity of the situation was clear to him.

The Disintegration of Fordism and the Transformation of Black Anti-Semitism in America, 1945-2005

The Disintegration of Fordism and the Transformation of Black Anti-Semitism in America, 1945-2005

A Concise History of American Antisemitism (review)

Reviewed by: A Concise History of American Antisemitism Shalom Goldman (bio) A Concise History of American Antisemitism. By Robert Michael. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. xxi + 231 pp. There is considerable breadth to Robert Michael's A Concise History of American Antisemitism, but the study lacks parallel depth. Michael begins in Christian Europe, devoting his first chapter to antisemitism's [End Page 381] European Christian roots. Subsequent chapters take us from the colonial period to the late 1990s. There are a scant three pages on the antisemitic developments of the years 2000 to 2005. Unfortunately this book has the quality of a list, not a sustained narrative. In the preface, Michael notes that "today, Jews seem to have achieved full equality in the U.S." (xv). But he then proceeds to undercut that assertion by minimizing Jewish achievement and acceptance. One example will suffice: after listing fifty American songs "written by Jews," from John Payne's "Home Sweet Home" to Carol King's "You Make Me Feel Like a Natural Woman," Michael speculates that antisemitism was the reason that Irving Berlin's "God Bless America" did not replace "The Star Spangled Banner" as the national anthem! The first chapter on European antisemitism before the founding of America is similarly unnuanced. Though Michael quotes some of the theoreticians of antisemitism, including Gavin Langmuir, he makes no allusion to their theories; thus the book is essentially an annotated list of antisemitic writings and incidents. Throughout, Michael's focus is on the Christian religious roots of antisemitism; little attention is paid to its social and economic roots. Subsequent chapters treat the colonies and the Early Republic, from the Early Republic to the Civil War, from the Civil War through World War I, the interwar period, World War II, and America and the Jews since 1945. One might contrast Michael's A Concise History with Leonard Dinnerstein's Antisemitism in America (1994), which accurately describes itself as "the first comprehensive scholarly survey of anti-Semitism in the United States." Dinnerstein, too, finds that "Christian viewpoints underlie all American antisemitism, and "it cannot be emphasized too strongly that all aspects of American antisemitism are built on this foundation of Christian hostility toward Jews."1 At the same time that he reminds us of the persistence of antisemitic feeling, Dinnerstein enumerates the opportunities, both social and individual, that the U.S. has offered to Jews. At the conclusion of Dinnerstein's book, he notes that, "Thus, while antisemitism has always been a problem for Jews in a Christian society it has always been weaker in the United States than in European nations."2 Michael makes a similar point, but buries it in a discussion of U.S. inaction during the Holocaust. Dinnerstein points out that it is after World War II that American antisemitism declined. Michael, in contrast, uses World War II to focus on "American acquiescence in the murder of the Jews" (170) . [End Page 382] Throughout the book there are some astounding assertions, among them that in the 1920s and 1930s "the level of antisemitic feeling was perhaps even greater in America during this period than in Germany and Eastern Europe" (110). While Michael's survey ends on a pessimistic note, Dinnerstein's 1994 book reminds us that "American Jews have never been more prosperous, more secure, and more 'at home in America' than they are today."3 In my opinion Michael's book would give the reader unfamiliar with the topic a distorted picture of American Jewish history, and particularly of the remarkable success Jews have achieved in the U.S. Though Michael alludes to this success in the first sentence of his preface, he makes little of it throughout the book. Shalom Goldman Emory University Shalom Goldman Shalom Goldman is Associate Professor of Hebrew and Middle Eastern Studies at Emory University. His most recent book is God's Sacred Tongue: Hebrew and the American Imagination (2004). Footnotes 1. Leonard Dinnerstein, Antisemitism in America (New York, 1994), vii, ix, xiii. 2. Ibid., 250. 3. Ibid., 228. Copyright © 2004 American Jewish Historical Society

The Fatal Embrace: Jews and the State (review)

The Jewish Quarterly Review, XCII, Nos. 3-4 (January-April, 2002) 569-575 Benjamin Ginsberg. The Fatal Embrace: Jews and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998 [1993]. Pp. xii + 286. Paperback $13.00. First time readers will come to Ginsberg's discussion of Jews and politics because of its arresting title—The Fatal Embrace: Jews and the State. Ginsberg seconds Hannah Arendt's (1966) well-known proposition that the relationship between Jews and political power has been the principal trigger for organized antisemitism, therefore, the title, The Fatal Embrace. Ginsberg states his primary thesis thus: "The question with which this book is concerned, however, is not so much the roots of anti-Jewish sentiment as the conditions under which such sentiment is likely to be politically mobilized " (p. 8). Ginsberg, true to his word, does not provide an extensive history of antisemitism so much as he attempts to show the ways in which antisemitism has been used as a political weapon to defeat or take over the established order (p. 10). Ginsberg contends that for decades America's Jews (as was the case with their European counterparts) have been protected and enriched by their political alliances with the state (which they frequently helped build), but that they were also expendable when the reigning order believed itself secure in office and no longer in need of the Jews. Therefore , according to Ginsberg, Jews are and continue to be an expendable political commodity, and anti-Jewish attacks and rhetoric are permanent social artifacts that can be used repeatedly to upset the current political reign. An accomplished writer and political historian, Ginsberg treats the reader to an informative history of European Jews, politics, and antisemitism that ranges over 900 years. I found his discussion of French antisemitism particularly satisfying. His main focus, however, is on Jews, politics, and antisemitism in America from the Civil War period to the early 1990s. In the early years of the 20th century, Eastern European Jews poured into America in huge numbers, and with them came increasing incidents of anti-Jewish behavior. The Jews who had arrived earlier in the 19th century (the Sephardic and German Jews) were already comfortably settled, economically successful, and deeply involved in the American political scene when the new Jewish immigrants arrived by the millions. These well-settled Jews differed in a number of ways from the later immigrants. Significantly, they had encountered very little anti-Jewish animus during the time they had been in the U.S. There were some notable exceptions, such as Grant's Civil War Order #11, which attempted to expel all Jewish traders from the war zone. President Lincoln rescinded it almost as soon as Grant signed the order. Then 570THE JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW there was the well-known refusal on the part of a posh resort in Saratoga Springs, New York, to admit Joseph Seligman and his family in 1877. But America remained remarkably free of anti-Jewish sentiment until the late 19th and early 20th century. In the late teens and early 1920s, antisemitism began to increase noticeably , in no small part because of the efforts of the Immigration Restriction League, America's Nativist Movement, and the warped concepts of the pseudo-science of eugenics. By 1921, it was the U.S. government versus the Jews of Eastern Europe, as well as immigrants from other parts of Southern and Eastern Europe. The Jews had only themselves and their young advocacy organizations (the American Jewish Committee, the American Jewish Congress, and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Brith) to defend them from wholesale exclusion. These organizations were unable to prevent the passage of the Johnson-Reed Immigration Restriction Act, signed in 1924, which limited the number of immigrants who could enter America, and particularly restricted the entry of Jews for decades to come. It is from the 1930s that Ginsberg provides his reader with the first in a series of carefully explained examples of the increasing participation of Jews in American government, and the antisemitism that was allegedly part and parcel of that involvement. The Roosevelt administration brought several Jews into its administration and into significant cabinet jobs. Some examples include the Secretary of...

Reviews

Books reviewed:Alice Laffey, The Pentateuch: A Liberation‐Critical ReadingO. Keel and C. Uehlinger, Gods, Goddesses and Images of God in Ancient IsraelJ. J. McDermott, What are They Saying About the Formation of Israel?M. E. Mills, Historical Israel: Biblical Israel – Studying Joshua to 2 KingsN. P. Lemche, The Israelites in Israel and TraditionGerbern S. Oegema, The Anointed and His People: Messianic Expectations from the Maccabees to Bar KochbaM. Forward, Jesus: A Short BiographyJeffrey T. Tucker, Example Stories: Perspectives on Four Parables in the Gospel of LukeJ. A. Darr, Herod the Fox: Audience Criticism and Lukan CharacterizationAlison Jasper, The Shining Garment of the Text: Gendered Readings of John's PrologueHelen C. Orchard,Courting Betrayal: Jesus as Victim in the Gospel of JohnElisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, Sharing Her Word: Feminist Biblical Interpretation in ContextT. M. Shaw, The Burden of the Flesh: Fasting and Sexuality in Early ChristianityBernard McGinn, The Presence of God: A History of Western Christian Mysticism. Vol. 3, The Flowering of Mysticism: Men and Women in the New Mysticism 1200–1350Kathleen Powers Erickson, At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van GoghCharles E. Curran and Richard A. McCormick SJ (eds), John Paul II and Moral TheologyE. J. Harris, What Buddhists BelieveG. Studdert‐Kennedy, Providence and the Raj: Imperial Mission and Missionary ImperialismLeon Roth, Is There a Jewish Philosophy? Rethinking FundamentalsFrank E. Eakin Jr., What Price Prejudice? Christian Antisemitism in AmericaR. K. Wüstenberg, A Theology of Life: Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Religionless ChristianityDouglas John Hall,Remembered Voices: Reclaiming the Legacy of ‘Neo‐Orthodoxy’T. Parfitt and E. Trevisan Semi (eds), The Beta Israel in Ethiopia and Israel: Studies on Ethiopian JewsC. Smith and J. Prokopy (eds), Latin American Religion in MotionK. B. Lyon & A. Smith, Jr. (eds), Tending the Flock: Congregations and Family MinistryNantawan Boonprasat Lewis (ed.), Revolution of Spirit: Ecumenical Theology in Global ContextJohn Macquarrie (ed. J. H. Morgan), On Being a Theologian: Reflections at Eighty

Anti-Semitism in America. Vol. 6

Book Review| October 01 1999 Anti-Semitism in America. Vol. 6 Anti-Semitism in America. Vol. 6, Jeffrey S. Gurock. Richard Bradley Richard Bradley Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (1999) 19 (1): 100–102. https://doi.org/10.2307/27502522 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Richard Bradley; Anti-Semitism in America. Vol. 6. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 1999; 19 (1): 100–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27502522 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1999 Immigration and Ethnic History Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Anti-Semitism in America (review)

Anti-Semitism in America (review)

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America (review)

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America (review)

Reviews

Thinking about thinking about the Holocaust James R. Watson, Between Auschwitz and Tradition: Postmodern Reflections on the Task of Thinking. Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, 1994 (Value Inquiry Book Series, 6). xiv+220pp. Notes. Bibl. Ind. $44. The ultimate safe haven Leonard Dinnerstein, Antisemitism in America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. xxxviii+369pp. Notes. Bibl. Ind. £17.95. Muslim insiders and outsiders Philip Lewis, Islamic Britain: Religion, Politics and Identity among British Muslims: Bradford in the 1990s. London: I. B. Tauris, 1994. 250pp. Notes. Gloss. Ind. £11.95 pbk. Syed Z. Abedin and Ziauddin Sardar (eds.), Muslim Minorities in the West. London: Grey Seal Books, 1995 (Studies of Muslim Minorities). x+212pp. Ind. £25.00 Nietzsche and the Nazi spin doctors Weaver Santaniello, Nietzsche, God and the Jews: His Critique of Judeo‐Christianity in Relation to the Nazi Myth. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994. xvi+232pp. Notes. Bibl. Ind. $17.95. Race relations and asylum Satnam Virdee, Racial Violence and Harassment. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1995. 63pp. Bibl. Conor Foley and Sue Shutter, The Last Resort: Violations of Human Rights against Refugees and Asylum‐seekers. London: Liberty, 1995 (Human Rights Convention, Report 9). 71pp. Notes. £4.00. Medieval rites de passage Ivan G. Marcus, Rituals of Childhood. Jewish Acculturation in Medieval Europe. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996. xii+191pp. Notes. Ind. Bibl. £16.95. White ‘civilization’ and its discontents Gerhard Schutte, What Racists Believe. Race Relations in South Africa and the United States Today. Thousand Oaks, CA and London: Sage, 1995 (Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations). xiv+379pp. Bibl. Ind. £19.95 (pbk.).

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America

Home to nearly one-half of the world's Jews, America also harbours its share of anti-Jewish sentiment. In a country founded on the principle of religious freedom, with no medieval past, no legal nobility and no national church, the questions arise of how anti-Semitism became a presence in America, and how did America's beginnings and history affect the course of this bigotry? Frederic Cople Jaher considers these questions in A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness, a history of anti-Semitism from its origins in the ancient world to its first widespread outbreak in America during the Civil War. Comprehensive in approach, the book combines psychological, sociological, economic, cultural, anthropological and historical interpretation to reveal the nature of anti-Semitism in the United States. Jaher sets up a comparative framework, in which American anti-Semitism is seen in relation to other forms of ethnic and religious bigotry. He compares America's treatment of Jews to their treatment in other eras and countries, and notes variations by region, social group and historical period. Jaher shows us that although anti-Semitism has been less pronounced in America than in Europe, it has had a significant place in its culture from the beginning, a circumstance traced to intertwining religious and secular forces reaching back to early Christianity, with its doctrinal animosity toward Jews. He documents the growth of this animosity in its American incarnation through the 1830s to its virulent and epidemic climax during the Civil War. Though Christianity's dispute with Judaism accounts for the persistence of anti-Semitism, Jaher reveals the deeper roots of this pathology of prejudice in the human psyche - in primal concerns about defeat, enfeeblement, and death, or in visceral responses of intergroup and interpersonal envy and rivalry. An in-depth study of all phases of anti-Jewish feeling as it is manifested in politics, economic behaviour, cultural myth and legend, religious and social interaction, and the performing arts, this comprehensive work offers insight into the New World's oldest ethnic and religious hatred.

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America. By Frederic Cople Jaher. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. 339 pages. $29.95

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America. By Frederic Cople Jaher. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994. 339 pages. $29.95 Get access Gary I. Rubin Gary I. Rubin George Mason UniversityFairfax, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 38, Issue 1, Winter 1996, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/38.1.197 Published: 01 January 1996

Frederic Cople Jaher. <italic>A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America</italic>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1994. Pp. viii, 339. $29.95

Journal Article Frederic Cople Jaher. A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1994. Pp. viii, 339. $29.95 Get access Jaher Frederic Cople. A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1994. Pp. viii, 339. $29.95. Andrew R. Heinze Andrew R. Heinze University of San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 100, Issue 5, December 1995, Page 1657, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/100.5.1657 Published: 01 December 1995

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America.

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America.

Antisemitism in America.

Antisemitism in America.

Antisemitism in America.

Antisemitism in America.

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America

A Scapegoat in the New Wilderness: The Origins and Rise of Anti-Semitism in America