Anti-racist Interventions Research Articles

“A rapper is coming here—and he is black!” Authentication of rap music in the Finnish gospel music scene, 2005–2020

ABSTRACT In this article I analyse how gospel rap music is authenticated as a Christian practice in evangelical culture in Finland. The research data consist of interviews with nine self-identifying Christian rappers as well as media coverage of rap music in the evangelical press between the years 2005 and 2020. I first show how Finnish gospel rap music is embedded in the general late modern religious landscape, which is marked by therapeutic individualism, confessionalism, and striving for personal development. Secondly, I discuss how social diversity is performed in evangelical culture through rap music. Finally, I show how some rappers are engaged in grassroots anti-racist interventions in their musical activities, while the larger evangelical culture often remains reluctant to address the theme of structural racism in Christianity. In the conclusion, I argue that gospel rap music is a diverse and thriving refashioning of Protestant Christianity in an age when the appeal of Christianity in Finland is generally diminishing and Christianity is losing its former position as the dominant religious identity.

Racism in health care: systemic changes and institutional policies to advance health equity

Abstract Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified inequalities in health care. Racism is one cause of such inequalities that disadvantage Black, Indigenous, and people of color around the world, but particularly in Germany, European countries, and the United States. To advance health equity and ensure an equitable health care system for marginalized groups, it is necessary to implement systemic change, but international studies indicate there is little evidence of antiracist interventions in organizations and through policies, as well as limited data on their effectiveness. This presentation will present novel research that identifies antiracist interventions on a systemic level, meaning interventions within organizations will be analyzed. The results from this research will be used to derive recommendations and inspire policymakers and providers toward equity-oriented health care. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to contribute to a paradigm shift in Germany and Europe more broadly and enrich a previously deficit-oriented perspective on the topic with important approaches and solutions. It will also increase the geopolitical relevance of the interventions in the US and enable cross-border exchange and partnerships.

Critical social media literacy buffers the impact of online racism on internalized racism among racially minoritized emerging adults.

Critical social media literacy-the ability to critically evaluate and interpret racist social media content (critical consumption) and to produce and disseminate antiracist social media content (critical prosumption)-may help counter the negative psychological consequences of online racism, including internalized racism. We examined whether critical social media literacy (critical consumption and prosumption) buffered the association between online racism and internalized racism. We conducted latent moderated structural equation modeling to analyze online convenience data from 338 racially minoritized emerging adults (Mage = 23.28; Asian, n = 96; Black, n = 108; Latine, n = 118). Greater exposure to online racism was associated with significantly higher levels of internalized racism; critical consumption weakened this association, while critical prosumption did not. Results suggested that critical social media literacy, particularly consumption-the intellectual basis and analytical skills to apprehend racist digital content-can be effective in mitigating the internalized racism linked to online racism among racially minoritized emerging adults. Implications include translating these findings into antiracist interventions to counter online racism and its deleterious behavioral health consequences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Anti-racist interventions to reduce ethnic disparities in healthcare in the UK: an umbrella review and findings from healthcare, education and criminal justice

ObjectivesTo assess the evidence for anti-racist interventions which aim to reduce ethnic disparities in healthcare, with a focus on implementation in the UK healthcare system.DesignUmbrella review.Data sourcesEmbase, Medline, Social Policy...

A Novel Approach for Evaluating a Schoolwide Antiracist Curriculum Intervention

This manuscript describes our effort to apply a novel approach to understanding student outcomes associated with a schoolwide antiracist intervention. We report a multimethod quantitative approach to evaluate a 10-week antiracist intervention designed and implemented by school staff by examining patterns of student intervention engagement and measures of key constructs that connect to antiracism, psychological well-being, and school connectedness. Our novel approach combines schoolwide surveys with smaller samples of daily diary participants, documenting variation in intervention engagement and examining postintervention outcomes. Our findings are limited by high attrition rates, small sample size, and data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our methods offer a promising transferable approach to evaluate school-based antiracist interventions by examining patterns and predictors of intervention engagement, as well as daily fluctuations in student experience throughout the intervention period.

Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress, and Equity Through Group Prenatal Care: A Pilot Study.

Elevating Voices, Addressing Depression, Toxic Stress and Equity (EleVATE) is a group prenatal care (GC) model designed to improve pregnancy outcomes and promote health equity for Black birthing people. This article outlines the foundational community-engaged process to develop EleVATE GC and pilot study results. We used community-based participatory research principles and the Ferguson Commission Report to guide creation of EleVATE GC. The intervention, designed by and for Black birthing people, centers trauma-informed care, antiracism, and integrates behavioral health strategies into group prenatal care to address unmet mental health needs. Using a convenience sample of patients seeking care at one of three safety-net health care sites, we compared preterm birth, small for gestational age, depression scores, and other pregnancy outcomes between patients in individual care (IC), CenteringPregnancy™ (CP), and EleVATE GC. Forty-eight patients enrolled in the study (n=11 IC; n=14 CP; n=23 EleVATE GC) and 86% self-identified as Black. Patients participating in group prenatal care (EleVATE GC or CP) were significantly less likely to experience a preterm birth <34 weeks. Rates of small for gestational age, preterm birth <37 weeks, depression scores, and other pregnancy outcomes were similar across groups. Participants in CP and EleVATE GC were more likely to attend their postpartum visit and breastfeed at hospital discharge than those in IC. Our findings model a systematic approach to design a feasible, patient-centered, community-based, trauma-informed, antiracist intervention. Further study is needed to determine whether EleVATE GC improves perinatal outcomes and promotes health equity.

Application of group therapy as an anti-racist intervention practice

RESUMO Este artigo explora a aplicação da grupoterapia em uma intervenção grupal voltada para a conscientização racial em uma universidade privada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Inspirada pela trajetória de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos e pelo uso do sociodrama no Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN), a intervenção teve como objetivo promover uma reflexão sobre os impactos do racismo entre os estudantes de Psicologia, evidenciando os estereótipos discriminatórios, a fim de promover a desconstrução e a empatia. A atividade incluiu o uso do aquecimento (inespecífico e específico), dramatização das cenas de racismo e o compartilhamento. A experiência evidenciou que o sociodrama é uma ferramenta eficaz para conscientização racial e adoção de atitudes antirracistas, contribuindo para a transformação social.

The Problem Is Not (Merely) Mass Incarceration: Incarceration as a Bioethical Crisis and Abolition as a Moral Obligation.

Mass incarceration is an ethical crisis. Yet it is not only the magnitude of the system that is troubling. Mass incarceration has been created and sustained by racism, classism, and ableism, and the problems of the criminal legal system will not be solved without meaningfully intervening upon these forms of oppression. Beyond that, incarceration itself-whether of one person or 2 million-represents a moral failing. To punish and control, rather than invest in community and healing, is antithetical to the values of the field of bioethics. This commentary, which responds to the article "Fifty Years of U.S. Mass Incarceration and What It Means for Bioethics," by Sean Valles, considers abolition as a crucial form of justice that must be centered in the work of bioethics. Abolition is both an antiracist intervention and a means of considering the ways health care broadly and bioethics specifically have allowed for the perpetuation of carcerality in the United States.

Answering the Call: Experiences of Implementing Antiracist Interventions in Health Care

Abstract: Since 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic and police violence against Black Americans made undeniably visible inequities in health outcomes based on race, health professionals have issued calls for their colleagues to practice antiracism. Yet few studies have qualitatively described the experiences of health professionals who have implemented antiracist interventions to identify the factors that make them successful. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 51 health professionals and administrators who had introduced changes in their clinical practices explicitly to address health inequities based on race. The interventions focused on removing barriers to access for patients who lack the linguistic, economic, or cultural resources to navigate a complicated health care system. Interprofessional collaboration, leadership support, and community trust facilitated the success of the interventions. Restrictive insurance reimbursement policy was the most cited barrier. The experiences of these health professionals illustrate possibilities for implementing antiracist interventions at the point of care.

Estimating the effects of an anti-racist intervention on campus administrators’ beliefs about racial equity and justice: a quasi-experimental study

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to measure the impact of a novel anti-racist educational video-based intervention designed by the author, with advice from leading experts, on campus administrators’ prevailing beliefs, philosophies and practices about racial equity and justice. A single research question guided the project: what effect, if any, does an anti-racist educational intervention have on college administrators’ awareness, beliefs and knowledge about race (i.e. racial ideologies), equity-mindedness and justice, compared to peers in two control groups?Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a study that employs a quasi-experimental approach, using a pre- and post-test design, to assess the impact of a brief video intervention on college administrators’ awareness, beliefs, and knowledge about anti-racism generally and racial ideologies, equity-mindedness and justice orientations specifically.FindingsMultivariate analyses suggest the efficacy and effectiveness of the novel anti-racist educational video-based intervention in increasing campus administrators’ racial consciousness, empathy, understanding and equity-mindedness, although no effect was found for justice orientations.Practical implicationsAs colleges and universities continue to work toward creating inclusive and equitable workspaces and learning environments, this study suggests that targeted interventions can be used to promote important values and beliefs among campus administrators. Specifically, video-based interventions may be useful tools for staff development programs, implicit bias trainings, diversity and inclusion initiatives, graduate education courses, leadership fellowships, upskilling and micro-credentials, to name a few.Originality/valueThis paper fills an identified need to study anti-racism among campus administrators, the efficacy of scalable interventions that can be easily adapted or integrated into existing campus/staff programming and ways to foster anti-racist awareness, knowledge and actions.

Interdisciplinary approaches to advancing anti-racist pedagogies in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology

Racism permeates ecology, evolution, and conservation biology (EECB). Meaningfully advancing equity, inclusion, and belonging requires an interdisciplinary anti-racist pedagogical approach to educate our community in how racism shaped our field. Here, we apply this framework, highlight disparities and interdisciplinary practices across institutions globally, and emphasize that self-reflection is paramount before implementing anti-racist interventions.

Threads of the White Web: Exposing and Contesting the Hegemony of Whiteness in Art Education

Over the past few years, there has been an increased amount of art education scholarship that has focused on race, some of which has begun to examine Whiteness. However, many aspects of the art education field remain unexamined, allowing Whiteness to continue to operate invisibly, stealthily undermining our antiracist agenda. Using Joseph-Salisbury’s web of Whiteness as a framework and heuristic device, I explore how this web exists and works within K–12 art education through the threads of Whiteness of intellect and the Whiteness of curriculum. As a result, I propose that the web of Whiteness can be an effective tool to make visible the ways Whiteness operates within the art education field, which can subsequently prompt antiracist interventions and actions to contest it.

Examining the intervention programs for prejiduce reduction towards refugees in host children and adolescents: A scoping review

Current scoping review aims to examine the intervention programs that are developed to decrease prejudice and negative attitudes towards refugees in host children and adolescents. It can be easier to change the attitudes in children and adolescents than in adults with toughminded ideas. However, it is unclear that what kind of information is available in the literature about which intervention programs are better in recent years. To find the answer of this, databases that include peer reviewed and academic journal articles were scanned to select relevant articles. The inclusion criteria can be listed as follows: only intervention studies were selected, participants of the study consisted of local children and adolescents at least one of the dependent variables was changing the attitudes and prejudices positively towards refugee groups, the articles were selected that published between the years 2010 and 2022, written in English and Turkish. PRISMA-ScR was used to report the results. A total of 10 articles were included according to the selected criteria among 358 potential articles. According to the current scoping review, anti-racist intervention programs that include in-group discussions and activities such as empathy-based role-play are more beneficial for children and adolescents in reducing intergroup bias than a multicultural curriculum. In addition, vicarious contact-based intervention programs can be influential in reducing negative attitudes towards refugees. Lastly, most of the intervention programs were aimed at supporting the psychosocial development of refugee children, that is, intervention programs aimed at reducing the prejudices of children and adolescents from the host society were found to be limited in the sample of Turkey. At this point, the current scoping review points to a huge gap in the literature.

Shifting the Paradigm: Antiracist Education for Advanced Practice Nursing Providers.

Racism in the United States adversely impacts health outcomes. Achieving health equity will require an explicitly antiracist approach to the education of health care providers (HCPs). This article examines a required course that focuses on teaching advanced practice nursing students about the structural foundations of racism. This approach shifts significantly away from teaching race-based medicine (which assumes a biological basis for disparities) and the social determinants of health (which often blames individuals for disparities). A mixed methods evaluation was conducted to understand the change in learners' understanding of (1) structural racism and (2) the role that HCPs can play in addressing structural racism. Anonymous surveys asked the following: (1) What are three examples of structural racism in the context of health care? and (2) What is the HCP's role in addressing structural racism? Statistically significant increases were observed. The percentage of students who could provide at least one example of structural racism increased from 41% to 70%. Significant increases were also found in students' abilities to identify structural and institutional antiracist interventions. This project yields important data that can inform educational efforts focused on structural racism. The results strongly suggest that the course resulted in a change in student understanding of racism in health care and strategies to address it. The development of a required course for advanced practice nurses focused on structural racism, including attention to social and institutional interventions, can significantly shift HCP understanding and is one strategy to move us toward health equity.

Anti-Racist Violence Prevention: Partnering With Black Youth to Identify Intervention Priorities.

In this study, academic researchers partnered with Black youth to engage in critical analysis of the intersection between racism and community violence to promote anti-racist social action that advances health equity. Through youth participatory action research, we examined perspectives and experiences of Black youth to develop a shared understanding of how to approach community violence prevention with an anti-racist lens. Thirteen youth from Kansas City and Atlanta who identified as Black or African American participated in a photovoice project to explore the intersection of racism and community violence. Youth generated photo assignments, took photos that reflected the assignment, shared their photos as a group, and chose one photo to explore in depth each week using a structured method to guide photo-discussion. Qualitative analysis of youth photo-discussions identified themes related to Black youth's experiences of racism at multiple levels and identified suggestions for anti-racist interventions, including promoting Black history knowledge and nurturing Black mentoring relationships. Grounded in these findings, we propose an anti-racist approach to community violence prevention among Black youth that engages Black youth as equitable partners to build from their expertise and strengths in developing comprehensive solutions.

The Bias Cut: Toward a Technopoetics of Algorithmic Systems

This essay explores a material engagement with discourses of bias. At a time when the developers of algorithmic systems are exploring concepts of bias like never before, textile bias (or the skew of woven material) offers an alternative view into the scripts of computational engagement. To probe this potential, this essay engages a range of feminist and anti-racist interventions in performance arts, critical archival studies, and my own pedagogical collaborations. With these experiments, I ask, how might material bias inform ongoing analysis of cultural bias within machine learning systems? The experiments reveal interwoven dynamics of power, labor, and historicity with particular attention to complicity and change. Through angular encounters with bias, I explore the development of an emerging technopoetics of algorithmic systems.

Racial Disparities in Donor Human Milk Feedings: A Study Using Electronic Medical Records.

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the use of pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) by maternal race-ethnicity during postpartum hospitalization using electronic medical records (EMRs). A retrospective cohort study of all live-born infants at our academic research institution from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016, was conducted. EMR data were used to determine whether each infant received mother's own milk (MOM), PDHM, or formula. These data were stratified based on whether the infant received treatment in the Neonatal Critical Care Center. Generalized estimating equation models were used to calculate the odds of receiving PDHM by maternal race-ethnicity, adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, insurance, preferred language, nulliparity, and mode of delivery. Infant feeding data were available for 7097 infants, of whom 49% were fed only MOM during their postpartum hospitalization. Among the 15.9% of infants admitted to neonatal critical care, infants of non-Hispanic Black (odds ratio [OR] 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-0.72), Hispanic (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.36-1019), and Other (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.32-1.26) mothers had lower rates of PDHM feedings than infants of non-Hispanic White mothers in the adjusted models. Among well infants, the use of PDHM was lower among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.18-0.36, and OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.56) compared with non-Hispanic White mothers. Inequities in exclusive human milk feeding and use of PDHM by maternal race-ethnicity were identified. Antiracist interventions are needed to promote equitable access to skilled lactation support and counseling for PDHM use.

Flexible resources and experiences of racism among a multi-ethnic adolescent population in Aotearoa, New Zealand: an intersectional analysis of health and socioeconomic inequities using survey data

As societies become increasingly diverse, understanding the complex nature of racism for multiple ethnic, social, and economic identities of minority youth is required. Here we explore the experience of racism between and among privileged majority adolescent groups and targeted minority (Indigenous and ethnic) adolescents in New Zealand. Using the concept of structural and embodiment flexible resources, which act as risk and protective factors, we examine the social and health effects on minority youth. In this intersectional analysis, we use self-reported data from the Youth2000 survey series administered in 2001, 2007, 2012, and 2019 to large, representative samples of students from mainstream state and private schools in the Auckland, Tai Tokerau, and Waikato regions of New Zealand. Students were in school years 9-13 and mostly aged 13-17 years. Ethnic or migrant group, income level of country of origin, and migrant generation were used as measures of structural resources and perceived ethnicity as a measure of embodiment resource. Racism and its effects were measured as socioeconomic inequities (household, neighbourhood, and school-level deprivation); interpersonal discrimination (unfair treatment, bullying, and safety); and health inequities (forgone health care, symptoms of depression, and attempted suicide). We used generalised linear models to explore variations in economic, interpersonal, and health outcomes for Indigenous and migrant youth, adjusting for mediating effects of household deprivation and measures of flexible resources (migration generation, income level of country of origin, and perceived ethnicity). We collected data from a total of 20 410 adolescents from the four survey waves between 2001 and 2019. Participants had a median age of 15 years (IQR 14-16). Socioeconomic, interpersonal, and health inequities varied with access to flexible resources among Māori and racialised migrant youth. Māori and racialised migrants from low-income and middle-income countries in particular experienced high levels of socioeconomic inequities. Racialised migrant youth experienced persistent socioeconomic inequities extending over three generations, especially Pasifika migrant adolescents. Minorities perceived as White experienced less discrimination and had more advantages than visibly racialised groups. Regression models showed that embodiment resources, and to a lesser extent structural resources, mediated, but did not eliminate ethnic disparities in socioeconomic status and interpersonal discrimination; these resources did not strongly mediate ethnic disparities in health. Trend analyses indicate consistency in these patterns with ethnicity-based inequities persisting or increasing over time. Indigenous and ethnic minority experiences of racism are heterogeneous. Structural flexible resources (wealth) and, more substantially, embodiment flexible resources (perceived Whiteness) mitigate individual experiences of racism. In multi-ethnic western societies, anti-racist interventions and policies must address both structural deprivation and associated intergenerational mobility and colourism (ie, implicit and explicit bias against non-White youth). Health Research Council of New Zealand.

Interventions in Intersectionality: Exploring Fantastical World-building to Investigate Feminist and Anti-racist Strategies

This article explores the asymmetrical treatment of race and gender, critiquing the conflation of these categories under the intersectional concept of “identity.” I conducted a three-year ethnography of the “live action role play” (LARP) community to explore this asymmetry. I found that Live Action Role Players (LARPers) consciously abandoned gender roles but were deeply invested in creating racial categories to make games “feel real.” When creativity is paramount, what makes for this differential treatment? I identified key distinctions in how these categories were conceived, embodied, and enforced. I found that LARPers engaged in collective negotiations to maintain a homogenous understanding of fictional racial categories. When players deviated, they were coerced back into uniform embodiment. These categories often drew on existing racial stereotypes, using “real world flavor.” When participants attempted anti-racist interventions, conversations shifted from confronting racism to “understanding race.” Conversely, LARPers framed gender as a self-determined choice that should have no impact on the gaming experience. Gender performance was welcome but not predetermined. This led to greater gender inclusion and effective anti-sexist interventions. Accordingly, the “both/and” framing of identity—authentic self-navigating society—is an empowering model for gender as it legitimizes autonomous choice. However, when applied to race it risks obfuscating the collective practices that fortify racism. Intersectional theorists must abandon efforts to draw similarities between race and gender. Instead, intersectional research must identify the ways in which sexism and racism persist and compound. The confrontation of racecraft is a necessary first step in developing more robust solutions.

The Maintenance of the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Through Judgments of Multiracial People Based on Proximity to Whiteness.

Previous research has argued that a growing multiracial population will blur boundaries between racial groups, reducing racism and improving interracial relations. However, this is unlikely to happen if multiracial groups are judged according to their proximity to Whiteness. We examined how having White ancestry shapes status perceptions of multiracial groups. Studies 1 and 2 showed that multiracial groups with White ancestry (e.g., Black/White) are considered higher status than dual minority multiracial (e.g., Black/Latinx) and monoracial minority (e.g., Black) groups. Study 3 revealed that multiracial groups with White ancestry are perceived as more competent and warmer than monoracial minority and dual minority multiracial groups, leading to higher status perceptions for multiracial groups with White ancestry. Thus, multiracial people, like other racial minorities, may be judged according to White, Eurocentric standards. The results imply that, without anti-racist intervention, the treatment of multiracial people will reinforce, rather than challenge, the existing racial hierarchy.