Antioxidant Defense Parameters Research Articles

Nutritional strategies cause memory damage and alter biochemical parameters without causing neuroinflammation.

Obesity results from an energy imbalance and has been considered an epidemic due to its increasing rates worldwide. It is classified as a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease and has associated comorbidities. Different nutritional strategies are used for the purpose of weight loss, highlighting low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, ketogenic diets, and intermittent fasting (IF). These strategies can lead to metabolic and behavioral changes as they stimulate different biochemical pathways. Therefore, this study evaluated memory, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense parameters in mice subjected to an LC diet, ketogenic diet (KD), or IF. Eighty male Swiss mice, 60 days old, were divided into 4 groups: control, LC, KD, or IF. Body weight was measured weekly, and food intake every 48h. After 15 days of nutritional interventions, the animals were subjected to the behavioral object recognition test and subsequently euthanized. Then, visceral fat was removed and weighed, and the brain was isolated for inflammatory and biochemical analysis. We concluded from this study that the LC and KD strategies could damage memory, IF improves the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the LC, KD, and IF strategies do not lead to neuroinflammatory damage but present damage at the level of oxidative stress.

A short-term of starvation improved the antioxidant activity and quality of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

Clarias gariepinus is an important freshwater fish with high economic value and breeding potential in China. It is a fast-growing and adaptable catfish, but the main problems facing the current market are its low price and poor taste, although starvation is a good solution to these problems. In this study, the effects of starvation on the physiology, biochemistry, and muscle quality of C. gariepinus were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the starvation group were significantly different. Body weight, visceral weight, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and viscera fat index all decreased, while visceral weight and hepatosomatic index decreased significantly after starvation for 30days. The hardness and crude protein of muscle increased significantly and crude lipid decreased significantly. Taste-enhancing amino acids increased slightly, and fatty acids increased significantly. Compared with the control group, starvation led to changes in antioxidant defense parameters. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver increased significantly; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased in serum after 30 days; the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased considerably in the serum and liver after 15 days; the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased considerably in the serum and liver after 30 days. The in-depth study of changes in physiological, biochemical, and nutritional components of fish under starvation is helpful to understand the ecological strategy of fish to adapt to starvation and of great guiding significance for fishery resource management and aquaculture production.

Comparative evaluation of biometrical and biochemical characteristics of three Rumex representatives: <i>Rumex acetosa</i> L., <i>Rumex sanguineus</i> L. and <i>Rumex confertus</i> Willd.

Increase in green vegetables popularity in nutrition and medicine promotes investigations of new cultivar and hybrid biochemical parameters. Nutritional value and antioxidant status of three Rumex representatives: Rumex acetosa L. (Krupnolistny cv.), Rumex sanguineus L. (prospect genotype) and Rumex confertus Willd. were studied. Antioxidant defense parameters (total antioxidant activity, polyphenol and ascorbic acid content) decreased in accordance to: Rumex sanguineus L. > Rumes confertus Willd. > Rumex acetosa L. Thus the ascorbic acid content in bloody dock (R. sanguineus) reached 129 mg/100 g which was 1.48 times higher than in Russian dock (R. confertus) and 3.17 times higher than in garden sorrel (R. acetosa). The total chlorophyll content was also the highest in bloody dock (17.74 mg/g d.w.) compared to 15.88 mg/g in R. confertus and 13.07 mg/g in R. acetosa leaves. The new R. sanguineus genotype was characterized by high decorative properties and demonstrated twice higher oxalic acid content compared to R. acetosa, Krupnolistny cv., and 1.5 times higher value than in R. confertus. High decorative and medicinal value of R. sanguineus was connected to a great extent with the intensive anthocyanin accumulation reaching 7.2% and high nitrate content. The results of the present study indicate high prospects of R. sanguineus genotype utilization in landscape design, food industry and medicine.

Indicators of LPO and Antioxidant Protection in Rats During Long-Term Restriction of Motor Activity.

This article presents a comprehensive study of the parameters of LPO (concentrations of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and intensity of chemiluminescence) and antioxidant defense (concentrations of α-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant activity, antiradical activity, and activities of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in blood plasma and erythrocytes of white male rats during restriction of motor activity up to 28 days. The patterns of changes in oxidative balance in hypokinesia in the form of intensification of LPO processes against the background of depletion of resources of antioxidant defense with maximum manifestation on days 14-21 of the experiment were revealed.

“EnzActive mix” probiotic preparation effect on some metabolism sites and antioxidant defense parameters of sows and their piglets organisms

Taking into consideration the relevance and significant scientific and practical interest in the issue of probiotic preparations effect on various metabolism sites and productivity of farm animals, we have studied the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive mix” based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on some metabolism sites, the content of lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant defense activity in sows and piglets obtained from them. The actuality of such studies is explained by the significant interest in the use of probiotic preparations not only in human medicine, but also in the practice of animal husbandry. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the specified feed additive on some metabolism sites of the farrowing sows and the piglets obtained from them organism, on the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in their body. It was established that feed additive “EnzActive mix”, based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, administration decreased the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content (TBARS and lipids hydroperoxides) in sows and their progeny blood, in the result of the study. The reason for such LPP content decrease was the antioxidant defense enzyme — superoxide dismutase increase in the sows’ and their progeny’s RBC (red blood cells). However, it was admitted also feed additives’ positive effect on sows’ parameters of productivity.

Nano-sulfides of Fe and Mn Efficiently Augmented the Growth, Antioxidant Defense System, and Metal Assimilation in Rice Seedlings.

Physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind nanoparticle (NP)-induced seed germination by nanopriming with metal sulfide NPs are lacunae in the field of agriculture. Sonochemically synthesized aqua-dispersed ferrous sulfide NPs (FeS-NPs) and manganese sulfide NPs (MnS-NPs) were examined as nanopriming agents for physiological, pathological, and antioxidative defense parameters of rice in the present study. Under pot house conditions, in vivo nanopriming of rice seeds with FeS NPs and MnS-NPs at a concentration of 35 μg/mL for 8 h significantly improved the physiological parameters, viz., germination percentage, seed germination index, mean germination time, dry weight, and vigor index, and decreased the phytopathological parameters of nanoprimed rice seeds, viz., mortality, seed rot, and seedling blight. Stimulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD ≥ 28.16%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX ≥ 52.38%), and catalase (CAT ≥ 28.57%) enzymes in FeS-NP- and MnS-NP-nanoprimed seeds as compared to control (hydroprimed seeds) enhanced the fitness of rice seedlings. The augmented levels of Fe and Mn content in the shoots and roots of NP-treated seedlings as compared to hydroprimed seedlings confirmed the incorporation nanometals in rice seedlings as nanonutrients for effective plant growth. Inclusively, FeS-NPs and MnS-NPs were shown to be effective nanopriming agents for promoting the germination of naturally fungal infested rice seeds.

Metabolic Syndrome as a Factor of Impairment of Antioxidant Defense System in Youth with T1DM.

Research indicates that adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may develop both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that MetS could potentially affect antioxidant defense parameters. The study recruited adolescents aged 10-17 who had been diagnosed with T1DM, and divided them into two groups: "MetS+" (n = 22), who had been diagnosed with MetS, and "MetS-" (n = 81), who did not have metabolic syndrome. A control group consisting of 60 healthy peers without T1DM was included for comparison. The study examined cardiovascular parameters, such as complete lipid profile and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), as well as markers of antioxidant defense. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the MetS+ and the MetS- group in terms of total antioxidant status (TAS) (1.186 mmol/L vs. 1.330 mmol/L), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels (0.666 vs. 0.533). Furthermore, multivariate correspondence analysis identified individuals with HbA1c < 8%; eGDR > 8 mg/kg/min, using either flash or continuous glucose monitoring systems, as MetS- patients. The study also found that eGDR (AUC 0.85, p < 0.001), OSI and HbA1c (AUC 0.71, p < 0.001) markers may be useful for diagnosing the onset of MetS in adolescents with T1DM.

Parameters of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense in patients with cervical cancer before and after radical surgical treatment

Purpose of the study. To analyse free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense in patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer (CC) before and after radical surgical treatment.Patients and methods. Levels of diene conjugates, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione, glutathione- dependent enzymes, vitamins A and E were determined in 74 women under the age of 45 (48 patients those who were at the stage of surgical treatment with a diagnosis of CC at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period 2017–2020 and 26 healthy women).Results. Patients with early CC showed significant changes in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and in antioxidant defense: elevate levels of MDA and diene conjugates, initial decline in the activity of SOD and catalase, low levels of vitamins A and E. These results complete the understanding of the processes occurring in the body of an oncological patient at the initial stage of tumor formation, which does not yet have an obvious clinical manifestation. After total removal of the ovaries, most of the indicators characterizing the enzymatic link of the antioxidant system tend to normalize, while the violation of the content of vitamins E and A (related to the non-enzymatic link of the antioxidant system) worsens.Conclusions. Desynchronization of free radical oxidation processes with multidirectional changes in oxidation and antioxidation in patients with early CC at the stage of radical surgical treatment should be considered from the position of hormone‑ reducing surgery and a resulting complex of changes in the organs and systems of women with cancer.

Characterization of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Antioxidant Defense Parameters of Two Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Strains under Different Temperatures.

In this study, two Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis strains-the wild type and a green-pigmented mutant-were cultured at three temperatures (8, 20, and 30 °C) for 7 days to explore their temperature tolerance using photosynthetic performance and antioxidant defense parameters. When the two strains of G. lemaneiformis were separately cultured at 30 °C, the fast chlorophyll fluorescence intensity of the wild type decreased, whereas the green mutant showed no significant change. The decrease in the performance index on absorption basis value under heat stress was lower in the green mutant than in the wild type. In addition, the green mutant had stronger antioxidant activity at 30 °C. Furthermore, a greater decrease in the values of maximum photochemical quantum yield and performance index on an absorption basis in the green mutant indicated that it had a greater degree of inhibition of photosynthetic performance under low temperatures. However, the green mutant produced less reactive oxygen species under low temperatures, suggesting that the antioxidant potential of the green mutant might be higher. In conclusion, the green mutant exhibited heat tolerance and could recover from low-temperature damage; therefore, it has the potential for large-scale cultivation.

What coloration brings: Implications of background adaptation to oxidative stress in anurans

BackgroundUrban development results in habitat destruction, affecting populations of amphibians, the most fragile group of vertebrates. With changes in the environment, these animals become more exposed to light and predators. To enhance their chances of survival, they display plasticity of body coloration. Aside from adaptive benefits, animals exhibiting background matching meet the energetic costs and restrictions of changing body tones. To study the physiological consequences of Hyla arborea tadpole adaptation to background color, we followed oxidative stress parameters after rearing larvae on a constant background (black/white) and after changing the background color.ResultsLarvae cultivated for 20 days on constant substrate color exhibited differences in body coloration but without differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentration between dark and pale individuals, suggesting that coloration investment during this period did not induce higher oxidative damage in darker tadpoles. Prolonged exposure of larvae (37 days) to a dark habitat increased antioxidative system defense and LPO concentrations, compared to animals reared permanently in the white surroundings. The positive correlation of oxidative damage with color intensity of individuals points to the physiological consequences of higher investment in the number of pigment cells necessary for dark pigmentation. In individuals faced with non-matching background and change in body coloration, defense system declined and LPO occurred relative to individuals cultivated in white habitat.ConclusionHere, we have pointed to consequences related to background matching and stress that amphibians experienced during chromatic adaptations. Background color change causes a complex physiological response affecting the antioxidative defense parameters. This investigation elucidates the accompanying cost of amphibiansʼ adjustment to an altered environment.

ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНО-АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫЙ СТАТУС ОРГАНИЗМА НОВОРОЖДЁННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ ПРИ СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИХ ВНУТРИУТРОБНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЯХ

Objective: To evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) system in full-term and preterm neonates with specific intrauterine infections (IUI). Methods: Eighty full-term and preterm newborns with specific IUI were examined; 48 of them (60%) with a severe course of IUI, and 32 (40%) with an extremely severe IUI course. The control group included 30 relatively healthy newborns, including 22 full-term and 8 late premature (born at 34-37 weeks of gestation) neonates. The state of LPO and AOD was assessed by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic (AA), and sialic (SA) acids. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of blood serum of newborns with IUI and their mothers was carried out in paired sera, with IgG, IgM, and avidity level (%) of IUI pathogens determined. Results: Analysis of epidemiological data on TORCH infection in the examined neonates revealed diagnostic titers of cytomegalovirus infection (91.3%), herpes (70.4%), toxoplasmosis (50.1%), and chlamydia (43.4%). Comparative analysis of MDA level in the first and control groups showed a statistically significant difference (p 0.05); while its comparison between the 2nd and control group showed even higher level difference (p 0.05). The levels of SOD, AA and SA in the 1st and 2nd groups were highly significantly different from the control group (p 0.001). All these tests showed significant differences between the 1st and the 2nd group (p 0.05), except for the levels of sialic acid (p 0.05). Conclusion: In neonates with specific IUI, statistically significant changes in LPO and AOD parameters were obtained compared with the control group. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters can be diagnostically significant for early prediction of infectious processes in the body of a newborn. The revealed changes in the LPO and AOD indicators in the neonates with IUI, dictate the need for timely and adequate antioxidant therapy along with etiotropic treatment. Keywords: Homeostasis, lipid peroxidation, intrauterine infections, antioxidant defense, tricarboxylic acid cycle.

ODP389 Lipid Peroxidation System Reactivity in Adolescents During Constitutional Obesity Non-drug Therapy

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a worldwide trend toward preventing and controlling childhood obesity by non-drug therapy. The success of this trend largely depends on better understanding the various metabolic and regulatory systems functions. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) - antioxidant defense (AOD) nonspecific system reactivity should be of special attention. The aim of the study was to reveal the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters changes in different sex's adolescents during constitutional obesity non-drug therapy. Materials and methods Adolescents of 12-17 years old with constitutional obesity (CO) (22 boys and 24 girls) before and after constitutional obesity non-drug therapy were examined. The therapy included routine recommendations for food consumption modification, motivational education in the School of Rational Eating, a steady diet, a low-calorie diet, aerobic physical exercises (running track), impulse physiotherapy on the rectus abdominis. Healthy teenager's data (20 boys and 16 girls) were used as a control. We analyzed the content of LPO products - diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and AOD factors activity: total antioxidant activity (TAA), α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results The boys with CO had decreased values of primary LPO products – DC (by 1.35 times lower, p=0. 001) and AOD factors: TAA (by 1.16 times lower, p=0. 036) and SOD activity (by 1.49 times lower, p&amp;lt;0. 0001), against the increased background values of secondary products - KD and CT (by 1.42 times higher, p=0. 046) in comparison with control results. Boys with CO therapy did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. The girls with CO had decreased values of TAA values (by 1.4 times lower, p=0. 0001), SOD (by 1.42 times lower, p&amp;lt;0. 0001) and α-tocopherol (by 1.33 times lower, p=0. 012) compared to the control group. After the course of therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (by 1.14 times higher, p=0. 029). Conclusions This study showed the presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with CO, which did not normalize after a course of non-drug therapy. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant in addition to the course of non-drug therapy. Presentation: No date and time listed

Empagliflozin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Effects Against Bile Duct Ligation-induced Liver Injury in Rats: A Combined Molecular Docking Approach to In Vivo Studies.

Cholestatic liver damage is a chronic disease caused by dysfunction of the hepaticbiliary system. Oxidative stress and inflammation are essential factors in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Thus, the current study was designed to examine the effect of empagliflozin on bile duct ligation-induced liver damage in rats. This study was done on male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to the four experimental groups: sham control (SC), bile duct ligation (BDL), SC plus empagliflozin (SC+EMPA) (receiving 10 mg of EMPA orally for 7 days), BDL plus empagliflozin 10 mg/kg (BDL+ EMPA). At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and tissue samples were collected to analyze biochemical parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and histopathological changes. The molecular docking technique was performed to elucidate the interaction of EMPA and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). The results showed that BDL elevated the serum activity of ALT, AST, ALP, and levels of TBIL and TPro. BDL also intensifies the oxidative stress state in rats, which was confirmed by augmenting lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein oxidation (PCO), and altering antioxidant defense parameters through decreased SOD, catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the liver demonstrated the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress. In contrast, treatment with EMPA has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects by reducing TNF-α and IL-6 pro-inflammatory marker proteins, restoring the antioxidant status (increased SOD and GPX), reducing ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL levels, and protein oxidation, and improving the histopathological alterations through reducing bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, focal and portal inflammation. According to the attained findings, the SOD1 activity can be regulated by the EMPA. Our documentation presents direct evidence at the molecular level related to the ability of EMPA to exert its antioxidant performance through certain measures in a particular molecular route. The results showed EMPA to have hepatic protective effects in rats against cholestatic liver injury, an effect mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The Effects of BSA-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles and Sodium Selenite Supplementation on the Structure, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Selenium Redox Biology in Rat Placenta.

The chemical element selenium (Se) is a nonmetal that is in trace amounts indispensable for normal cellular functioning. During pregnancy, a low Se status can increase the risk of oxidative stress. However, elevated concentrations of Se in the body can also cause oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the effects of BSA-stabilized Se nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se0) (BSA-bovine serum albumin) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Se+4) supplementation on the histological structure of the placenta, oxidative stress parameters and the total placental Se concentration of Wistar rats during pregnancy. Pregnant females were randomized into four groups: (i) intact controls; (ii) controls that were dosed by daily oral gavage with 8.6% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.125 M vit C; (iii) the SeNP group that was administered 0.5 mg of SeNPs stabilized with 8.6% BSA and 0.125 M vit C/kg bw/day by oral gavage dosing; (iv) the NaSe group, gavage dosed with 0.5 mg Na2SeO3/kg bw/day. The treatment of pregnant females started on gestational day one, lasted until day 20, and on day 21 of gestation, the fetuses with the placenta were removed from the uterus. Our findings show that the mode of action of equivalent concentrations of Se in SeNPs and NaSe depended on its redox state and chemical structure. Administration of SeNPs (Se0) increased fetal lethality and induced changes in the antioxidative defense parameters in the placenta. The accumulation of Se in the placenta was highest in SeNP-treated animals. All obtained data indicate an increased bioavailability of Se in its organic nano form and Se0 redox state in comparison to its inorganic sodium selenite form and Se+4 redox state.

The influence of silica upon quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical traits of tomato under water stress

Water stress is by far the most serious limiting factor to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom) production, particularly in Iran where located in arid and semi-arid regions. Silicon (Si) is considered an effective element to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress by promoting plant growth and production. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the foliar application of Si (0, 100, and 200 mg L–1) and three water regimes – no stress (100), mild stress (80%), and severe stress (60%) – on the growth parameters, the yield, and the fruit quality as well as antioxidant status of the tomato. The imposed water stress significantly increased the total soluble solids (TSS), the total acidity (TA), and the flavonoids as well as antioxidant defense parameters such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), while the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and tomato yield were decreased. In contrast, the foliar application of Si (200 mg L–1) remarkably improved the total yield of tomatoes when exposed to water stress by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and total flavonoid compounds. In addition, the application of Si could significantly improve the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and fruit quality (fruit firmness and size). As a result, the foliar application of Si could be suggested as an effective strategy for imparting water stress resistance in the tomato.

Correlation between actual nutrition and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters in aged 14–17 years adolescents living in rural area

The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the parameters of actual nutrition and the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in adolescents aged 14–17 in a rural area. Material and methods. 76 adolescents aged 14–17 of the Irkutsk region were examined by the cross-sectional study method. Actual nutrition was studied by the 24-hour nutrition reproduction method. The content of substrates with unsaturated double bonds (DB), diene conjugates (DC), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), thiobarbituric acid reacting species (TBARS), α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total blood antioxidant activity (TAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood by spectrophotometry and fluorometry methods were analyzed. Results. The adolescents’ diet did not meet the principles of a balanced diet – there was reduced protein intake, an imbalance of unsaturated fatty acids, A, C, D, B vitamins deficiency. An excessive element in the diet was sodium. The content of substrates with DB, KD and CT and TBARS increased significantly in the studied group of adolescents, the concentration of DC decreased. Parameters of antioxidant defense both decreased (TAA, retinol content) and increased (α-tocopherol, GSH concentration). Correlation analysis showed relationships between DB and vitamin B1, B2 content; DC level and calories, carbohydrate and vitamin B1 content; concentration of KD and CT and fats, TAA and vitamin A and β-carotene level; level of α-tocopherol in blood and vitamin E in food; GSH and vitamin K; SOD activity and vitamin H content. Multiple negative correlations were between GSSG and fat, vitamins B1, B9, C, K food concentration were found.Conclusions. The calculated vitamin consumption indicators allow to reveal nutritional deviations in adolescents and to connect them with the real provision of the body with these metabolites.

The effects of chronic nanoselenium treatment on sciatic nerve injury: behavioral and biochemical responses

BackgroundNanoselenium as a free radical scavenger suggested being a neuroprotective agent in some neuronal diseases. As the neuropathic pain could be a consequence of a defect in antioxidant defenses and changes in oxidative stress parameters, the present study was planned to investigate the effect of nanoselenium particles on pain-related behaviors and spinal antioxidant defense parameters in the sciatic nerve injury model.MethodsAdult male albino Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly allocated to the four experimental groups: control group, neuropathy group with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI), CCI + nanoselenium, CCI + vehicle. The CCI model was used to create neuropathic pain-related symptoms. Nanoselenium or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. The behavioral evaluation was carried out to assess the pain threshold by the radiant heat and von Frey tests. Malondialdehyde (MAD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and catalase activity in the spinal cord were evaluated to investigate the possible relation.ResultsOur data displayed that CCI triggered neuropathic pain-related behaviors in rats. Chronic treatment with nanoselenium meaningfully improved pain threshold (P < 0.001; F = 37.86, F = 29. 82) and decreased the level of MDA (P < 0.01; F = 33.16) and increased the SOD level (P < 0.001; F = 13.43) and catalase activity (P < 0. 05; F = 10.17) in the spinal cord of CCI rats.ConclusionChronic nanoselenium treatment can improve pain-related behavior and is associated with a reduction in MDA level and increasing in SOD level and catalase activity in the spinal cord of the CCI rats. Nanoselenium provides a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of neuropathic pain by alteration in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system factors.

Effects of different stocking densities on haematological, non-specific immune, and antioxidant defence parameters of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings reared in finger millet-based biofloc system

Effects of different stocking densities on haematological, non-specific immune, and antioxidant defence parameters of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings reared in finger millet-based biofloc system

Dietary Intervention with Blackcurrant Pomace Protects Rats from Testicular Oxidative Stress Induced by Exposition to Biodiesel Exhaust.

The exposure to diesel exhaust emissions (DEE) contributes to negative health outcomes and premature mortality. At the same time, the health effects of the exposure to biodiesel exhaust emission are still in scientific debate. The aim of presented study was to investigate in an animal study the effects of exposure to DEE from two types of biodiesel fuels, 1st generation B7 biodiesel containing 7% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or 2nd generation biodiesel (SHB20) containing 7% of FAME and 13% of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), on the oxidative stress in testes and possible protective effects of dietary intervention with blackcurrant pomace (BC). Adult Fisher344/DuCrl rats were exposed by inhalation (6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks) to 2% of DEE from B7 or SHB20 fuel mixed with air. The animals from B7 (n = 14) and SHB20 (n = 14) groups subjected to filtered by a diesel particulate filter (DPF) or unfiltered DEE were maintained on standard feed. The rats from B7+BC (n = 12) or SHB20+BC (n = 12), exposed to DEE in the same way, were fed with feed supplemented containing 2% (m/m) of BC. The exposure to exhaust emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel resulted in induction of oxidative stress in the testes. Higher concentration of the oxidative stress markers thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), 25-dihydroxycholesterols (25(OH)2Ch), and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KCh) level), as well as decreased level of antioxidant defense systems such as reduced glutathione (GSH), GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) were found. Dietary intervention reduced the concentration of TBARS, 7-KCh, LOOHs, and the GSSG level, and elevated the GSH level in testes. In conclusion, DEE-induced oxidative stress in the testes was related to the biodiesel feedstock and the application of DPF. The SHB20 DEE without DPF technology exerted the most pronounced toxic effects. Dietary intervention with BC in rats exposed to DEE reduced oxidative stress in testes and improved antioxidative defense parameters, however the redox balance in the testes was not completely restored.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВЛИЯНИЯ АЦЕТИЛЦИСТЕИНА И ДЕКСАМЕТАЗОНА НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО СТРЕССА И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ В ТКАНЯХ ГЛАЗА ПРИ УВЕИТЕ

Objective. To study the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), dexamethasone and their combination on the parameters of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in the posterior segment tissues of rabbit eye under experimental immunogenic uveitis (EIU). Material and methods. The experimental study was carried out on 45 rabbits (90 eyes), 5 of which were intact. The animals with EIU were divided into 8 groups (5 animals each) in which daily intramuscular injections of placebo, NAC, dexamethasone or a combination of NAC and dexamethasone were used for 3 or 7 days. Subsequently the content of LPO products, concentration of reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione and their ratios, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes as well as the total antioxidant activity were determined in the posterior segment tissues of the rabbit eyes. Results. Application of NAC led to a significant decrease in the concentration of LPO products, as well as a significant elevation of AOD parameters. Dexamethasone had a negative effect on the glutathione system in the tissues of the eye. The combined use of NAC and dexamethasone revealed the synergism of their pharmacological action and made it possible to increase the overall antioxidant potential of the therapy. Conclusion. NAC parenteral administration showed a pronounced antioxidant effect. Combination therapy with NAC and dexamethasone significantly increased effectiveness of the treatment. The data obtained allows recommending NAC administration as part of the complex therapy of uveitis.