Antioxidant Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

Drying method-affected polyphenolic contents: a microwave-assisted extraction from Cayratia trifolia L. berry

This work discovered the influence of pretreatment methods (thermal drying and lyophilization (freeze-drying)) on the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content (TFC), and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity of the berry extract of Cayratia trifolia L. of Ca Mau origin (Vietnam). With the assistance of microwave, the freeze-drying method showed higher TPC (9.68 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g), TFC (7.14 ± 0.51 mg QE/g), and DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 of 24.96 ± 0.89 μg/mL) than those of thermal drying method, under the optimal conditions (an extraction time of 60 s, an ethanol concentration of 60% (%v/v), and a ratio of raw material-to-solvent of 1/500 g/mL).

Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Shoot Extracts of Viola odorata linn. from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India

The traditional healers made significant use of the Viola odorata of the Violaceae family for its many ethnopharmacological uses. The phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from Viola odorata shoots were studied, and the antibacterial potential of the optimized extract was also examined. The Soxhlet apparatus was used to extract phytochemicals from shoots in four different solvents, including n-hexane, butanol, methanol, and water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the stigmasterol profile of V. odorata shoots. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics, all of which were found in significant amounts in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract also showed the highest radical scavenging activity (79.23 ± 0.44 %). TLC and HPLC profiling of methanolic extract revealed a considerable amount of stigmasterol in the shoots of Viola odorata. HPLC analysis of the methanolic shoot extract of the plant revealed the presence of 0.009 µg mL-1 stigmasterol. Optimized Methanolic extract showed respectable in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (2.6 ± 0.41 mm zone of inhibition), E. coli (3.4 ± 0.71 mm zone of inhibition), and Candida albicans (3.5 ± 0.48 mm zone of inhibition). The outcomes demonstrated that the methanolic shoot extract of Viola odorata from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India, is a valuable herb for further screening and might be prepared for in-vivo animal studies.

The Flavonoids, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Activity from Ethanol Extract of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour

Oxidative stress has long been associated with increased risk for several diseases. Antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules and delays or prevents oxidative damage. Natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds are plant secondary metabolites directly contributing to antioxidant activity. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour, often called the yellow root, is a plant that has long been known in the traditional medicine of the native tribes of West Kalimantan to treat several diseases, including malaria, jaundice, and diabetes. This study aimed to quantify the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of yellow root stems. Yellow root stems were extracted by maceration in 96% ethanol for four days. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activities were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, and DPPH methods. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of yellow root stems contains phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were 40.2 mg GAE/g extract and 61.2 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The ethanol extract of yellow root stems showed moderate DPPH scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 152.13 ppm. From this study, it can be concluded that this plant could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Total Phenolic content and Potential of Black Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.var Nigra) Extract as an Antioxidant and Anti-Gout

Research to find antioxidants and anti-gout has been done using black betel leaf. The sample was extracted at room temperature for 30 minutes using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method, and a yield of 8.47% was obtained. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the ethanol extract of black betel leaves and showed the presence of secondary metabolite compounds consisting of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and steroid glycosides, with a total phenolic content of 758,534±0.003mg GAE per gram of sample. Antioxidant activity analysis was carried out using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods, which showed IC50 and EC50 values of 115.562±0.14mg/L and 119.273±0.385 mg/L, respectively. The antioxidant activity of black betel leaf extract is in the medium category (100–150 mg/L). The anti-gout activity test was carried out using allopurinol as a control, which showed the ability of black betel leaf extract to reduce uric acid up to 14.48±0.01%. The ability of black betel leaf extract as an anti-uric acid is five times better than allopurinol, which is commonly used as a gout drug. The research results obtained opened up the opportunity to find a natural medicine for gout.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Inhibitory Activity of Aloe vera plant Extract (Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria) Against the Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Diarrhea Infections

The current study aimed to isolate bacterial species from people suffering from diarrhea, diagnose them, and prepare the aqueous extract of Aloe vera plant, and ferment it by the locally-isolated Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, and determining the presence of phenolic compounds before and after fermentation.The antioxidant activity was estimated using the FRAP method and the inhibitory activity against bacterial isolates causing diarrhea was also determined. The results showed that the pathogenic bacterial species causing diarrhea were Salmonella, E. coli. Shigella and Proteus.The lactobacillus bacteria isolated and diagnosed from local dairy samples was Lactobacillus plantarum that was used to ferment Aloe vera plant extract. The types of phenolic compounds identified and estimated in Aloe Vera extract were Chlorogenic acid, Caffiec acid, Cinnamic acid, Gallic acid, Coumaric acid, Vitexin and Syringic acid.The highest antioxidant activity was (48), which was found to be after fermentation, compared to its value before fermentation, which was (39). It was also shown that the highest inhibitory activity efficiency of the fermented Aloe vera extract was against pathogenic isolates from Non-fermented extrac

Antioxidant potential and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Bugis ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn) leaf water extract

Bugis ginseng (Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.) leaves function as a traditional medicine to increase breast milk production, to increase appetite, to improve the immune system and as an antibacterial as we as medicine for ulcers. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds, one of the secondary metabolites in plants that function as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the total phenol content, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of water extract of Bugis ginseng leaves. Quantitative determination of total phenols using the Folin-Ciocalteu method was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract. Total flavonoid content using the AlCl3 method was expressed as Quercetin equivalent (QE) and in vitro antioxidant activity with DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) expressed in terms of IC50 (inhibition concentration). The results showed that water extraction of ginseng leaves showed a total phenol content of 8.37 mg GAE/g extract, a total flavonoid content of 2.12 mg QE/g extract and an IC50 value of 60.27 ug/ml.

Estimation of Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids Content and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract and Fractions of Asplenium platyneuron (Carl Linnaeus)

Estimation of Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids Content and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract and Fractions of Asplenium platyneuron (Carl Linnaeus)

Tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivated in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh: Unveiling the variability of methylxanthine, bioactive phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage known for its numerous health benefits, largely attributed to its rich content of quality determining secondary metabolites such as methylxanthine compounds and bioactive phenolic compounds. The goal of this study was to find out variations of the levels of methylxanthines, bioactive phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in methanolic and hot water extracts of 129 tea samples grown in three different ecological regions of Bangladesh named Panchagar, Sylhet, and Chattogram. Methylxanthine and bioactive phenolic compounds were determined by using HPLC-DAD, and the antioxidant profile was analysed by UV–vis spectrophotometric methods for methanol and hot water extracts of tea leaves. The IC50 values showed the trend as Panchagar > Sylhet > Chattogram and Sylhet > Chattogram > Panchagar for water and methanol extract, respectively. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) variations in the levels of methylxanthines content: Panchagar > Chattogram > Sylhet. Caffeine was significantly higher (103.02 ± 5.55 mg/g of dry extract) in the methanolic extract of tea leaves of Panchagar district and lower (53.33 ± 4.30 mg/g of dry extract) in the hot water extract of Sylhet district. Panchagar and Chattogram possessed significantly (p < 0.05) higher catechin content for methanol (57.01 ± 5.50 mg/g dry extract) and hot water (55.23 ± 4.11 mg/g dry extract) extracts, respectively. The utilization of canonical discriminant functions yielded highly favorable outcomes in the classification of tea from three distinct cultivation origins in Bangladesh, relying on their inherent features. This study demonstrated the potential effects of geographical variations on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of tea, emphasizing the importance of regional differences in tea cultivation for optimizing its health benefits as well as dispersing tea cultivation across the country.

Optimization of a Validated Liquid Chromatographic Method with Chemometric Approach for Estimation of Eugenol from Seed Powder Extract and Perform Anti-oxidant Activity

Background:: Developed and validated a new reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method, and it is prompt, precise, sensitive and robust for the esti-mation of eugenol in seed powder extract of Myristica fragrans. Objective:: The chemometric approach was utilized to obtain a rugged and definitive chromato-graphic method for the purpose. Methods:: Method variables such as acetonitrile (%) and flow rate were investigated for robust-ness and optimization by using a face-centered cubic design (FCCD). The Design Expert 12.0.1.0 software has been employed for this optimization. Further, the effects of factors were monitored on the concentrations of eugenol recovered from seed powder extract. Chromatograms have been developed by using an optimized mobile phase mixture containing methanol-water-acetonitrile (10:40:50, v/v/v) and Symmetry® C18 column (5 μm, 3.9 ×150 mm). The mobile phase was de-rived at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and estimation of eugenol was performed at ʎmax 272 nm. Results:: Validation of the method has been carried out to reveal its selectivity, linearity, preci-sion, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. Linear calibration plot for eugenol was held over the concentra-tion across 6.25 and 100 μg/mL (R2 = 0.999). The coefficient of variation was less than 1%, and accurate recovery of eugenol was observed between 96.80 and 99.56 %. The LOD and LOQ have been established to be 1.97 and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Intraday and Inter-day coefficients of variation have 1.81-1.91 and 1.92-1.57, respectively. Antioxidant activity (AA) by DPPH assay of seed powder extract in five different solvents was performed, and % AA activity was calculat-ed against ascorbic acid. Conclusion:: The validated method has been found to be highly robust and will be applied for the analysis of eugenol in formulation. The highest % AA has been reported in hexane solvent.

Insight into antioxidant-like activity and computational exploration of identified bioactive compounds in Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) aqueous extract as potential cholinesterase inhibitors

BackgroundRecent reports have highlighted the significance of plant bioactive components in drug development targeting neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, the current study assessed antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Talinum triangulare leave (AETt) as well as molecular docking/simulation of the identified phytonutrients against human cholinesterase activities.MethodsIn vitro assays were carried out to assess the 2,2- azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radicals and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of AETt using standard protocols. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD) was employed to identify compounds in AETt. Also, for computational analysis, identified bioactive compounds from AETt were docked using Schrodinger's GLIDE against human cholinesterase obtained from the protein data bank (https://www.rcsb.org/).ResultsThe results revealed that AETt exhibited a significant concentration-dependent inhibition against ABTS cation radicals (IC50 = 308.26 ± 4.36 µg/ml) with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference. Similarly, AETt demonstrated a significant inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50 = 326.49 ± 2.01 µg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50 = 219.86 ± 4.13 µg/ml) activities with galanthamine as the control. Molecular docking and simulation analyses revealed rutin and quercetin as potential hits from AETt, having showed strong binding energies for both the AChE and BChE. In addition, these findings were substantiated by analyses, including radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuation, root mean square deviation, as well as mode similarity and principal component analyses.ConclusionOverall, this study offers valuable insights into the interactions and dynamics of protein–ligand complexes, offering a basis for further drug development targeting these proteins in AD.

Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Conditions on Fingerroots (Boesenbergia rotunda) Rhizome and its Antioxidant Activity

Fingerroot scientifically known as Boesenbergia rotunda, is a widespread herb in Southeast Asia and South Asia. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature (40 to 60 °C) and time (30 to 60 min) of the fingerroot extract yield and its antioxidant activity using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). The study compared the performance of UAE with the traditional maceration method in terms of extract yield and antioxidant activity. UAE, recognized as a more advanced and innovative extraction method, demonstrated superior efficiency in terms of being time-saving, cost-effective, and faster than maceration. The optimized UAE conditions were identified at an extraction temperature of 48 °C for 42.1 minutes, resulting in an extract yield of 8.42% and an antioxidant activity of 85.90%. In conclusion, the study affirms that UAE offers a highly effective and efficient approach for extracting valuable compounds from fingerroot, showcasing its potential for applications in various industries.

Light-Induced Antioxidant Phenolic Changes among the Sprouts of Lentil Cultivar.

Lentil is a leguminous crop with a high content of health-beneficial polyphenols. Lentil sprouts are popularly consumed in fresh vegetable markets, although their phytochemical qualities are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of phenolics in lentil sprouts in response to photosynthetic and stress light qualities, including fluorescent light (FL), red LED (RL), blue LED (BL), ultraviolet A (UV-A), and ultraviolet B (UV-B). Three lentil cultivars, Lentil Green (LG), French Green (FG), and Lentil Red (LR), were used to evaluate sprouts grown under each light condition. The adequate light intensities for enhancing the antioxidant activity of lentil sprouts were found to be 11 W/m2 under photosynthetic lights (FL, RL, BL), and 1 W/m2 under stress lights (UV-A, UV-B). Subsequently, HPLC-ESI/Q-TOF MS analysis was conducted for the quantitative analysis of the individual phenolics that were accumulated in response to light quality. Four main phenolic compounds were identified: ferulic acid, tricetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Notably, tricetin accumulation was significantly enhanced under BL across all three lentil cultivars examined. Furthermore, the study revealed that the other phenolic compounds were highly dependent on FL, BL, or UV-B exposure, exhibiting cultivar-specific variations. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of lentil extracts indicated that BL was most effective for LG and FG cultivars, whereas FL was most effective for enhancing antioxidant activity of LR cultivars as the sprouts grew.

Yungas propolis in the scavenging of vitamin B2-photogenerated ROS

This study focused on the scavenging action and antioxidant activity of propolis from Trancas (ProTr) as a promoter and scavenger of Riboflavin (Rf)-photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS), widely used in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. A thorough examination of the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract (EE) was made possible by a kinetic and mechanistic study of the total polyphenol contents in the extract using stationary photolysis and time-resolved photochemical methods.Under aerobic visible-light-irradiation conditions, with Rf as the only light-absorber molecule, a complex frame of competitive interactions takes place, with the triplet excited states of Rf being quenched by ProTr. Rf triplet excited states can interact with ProTr or produce singlet oxygen and superoxide radical anions. The results indicated ProTr to be an efficient ROS scavenger. The antioxidant behavior of ProTr is similar to that of Trolox, a well-known antioxidant. Propolis is slightly photodegraded by interaction with the mentioned ROS, highlighting the crucial role of ProTr and its potential in mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage in biological systems. These findings suggest that ProTr could be a promising natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.

Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Ginseng Extract and Its Effect on Inhibiting Lipid Oxidation and Physicochemical Properties of Cooked Ground Beef During Refrigerated Storage.

Ginseng is a medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiobesity, cardioprotective, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, previous reports lack information on the effects of ginseng extract on the shelf life and quality characteristics of muscle foods. Thus, it is essential to determine the effects of ginseng extract on the meat model system to gain valuable insights to improve the shelf life and quality of muscle foods. After determining the in vitro antioxidant activity of ginseng extract, the antioxidant effect of ginseng extract on cooked ground beef was investigated. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined using Fe(III) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and total phenolic content (TPC) analyses, while lipid oxidation, chemical, microbiological and textural changes were determined during 30 days of storage. Cooking loss, proximate composition and textural features were measured after thermal processing. The pH, CIE colour parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, yeast and mould counts were determined during refrigerated storage. The mean values for FRAP expressed as Fe(II) equivalents ((4.7±0.2) mmol/g), DPPH (IC50=(12.11±0.09) mg/mL) and TPC expressed as gallic acid equivalents ((146.0±2.4) mg/g) showed a potential antioxidant capacity of ginseng extract. The addition of ginseng extract increased the cooking loss (p<0.05), but it did not affect the proximate composition of ground beef. It also caused a decrease in pH (p<0.05). Ground beef samples containing 1 % or more ginseng extract had lower TBARS values than control (p<0.05). In addition, LPO values of ground beef with ginseng extract were lower than the control after 30 days of storage (p<0.05). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, yeast and mould were not found in any of the groups, except in the control, which had 3.35 log CFU/g total aerobic mesophilic bacteria at the end of storage. The results show that ginseng extract has an important activity in controlling lipid oxidation and can be used in the meat industry to extend shelf life and microbial stability.

Molecular Identification and Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseusLeaf Extract: Exploring Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activities.

Plants have long been at the main focus of the medical industry's attention due to their extensive list of biological and therapeutic properties and ethnobotanical applications. Catharanthus roseus, sometimes referred to as Nithyakalyani in Tamil, is an Apocynaceae family member used in traditional Indian medicine. It also examines the plant's potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as its preliminary phytochemical makeup. Leaf material from C. roseus was analyzed and found to include a variety of phytochemicals including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, glycosides, quinones, and steroids. Four of the seven secondary metabolic products discovered in C. roseus leaves showed bioactive principles: 3-methylmannoside, squalene, pentatriacontane, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5a-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene. Catharanthus roseus is rich in the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Whole DNA was isolated from fresh leaves, then amplified, sequenced, and aligned to find prospective DNA barcode candidates. One DNA marker revealed the restricted genetic relationship among C. roseus based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was evaluated using the DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP, and superoxide radical scavenging activity assays, while the antibacterial potential was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. The ethanol extract of C. roseus was found to have the highest reducing power. In addition, a 4- to 21-mm-wide zone of inhibition was seen when the C. roseus extract was tested against bacterial and fungal stains. In conclusion, C. roseus has the most promise as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.

Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Kalanchoe Medicinal Species: Intraspecific Sources of Variation in Kalanchoe crenata and K. pinnata

Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Kalanchoe Medicinal Species: Intraspecific Sources of Variation in Kalanchoe crenata and K. pinnata

Improving the Composition and Bioactivity of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Shell Extract by Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Assisted by Pulsed Electric Field Pre-Treatment.

An environmentally friendly method for the release of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extracts is proposed in this paper. This work aims to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment on subsequent solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of metabolites with choline chloride-lactic acid natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) and bioactivity of cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract. Two different media for PEF application were evaluated: water and chlorine chloride-lactic acid. Total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), individual major compounds, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of CBS extracts were assessed. The performance of PEF-assisted extraction was compared with SLE and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The proposed method improved the release of TPC up to 45% and TFC up to 48% compared with the conventional extraction. The CBS extract showed medium growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and high growth inhibition of Salmonella sp, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, an extract with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties was obtained.

Abstract 1833: Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Ipomoea cairica extracts on three breast cancer cell lines

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer was the top cause of cancer deaths in 2020 with a death toll of 685 000 worldwide. Breast cancer treatments are based on drug specificity for unique receptors on the surface of some breast cancer types, there is a search for alternative treatments that are inclusive of different breast cancer types. Evidence suggests that antioxidants offer a protective effect against certain cancers. Studies on Ipomoea cairica have reported potential anticancer activity, hence this study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of the extracts of Ipomoea cairica on three breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The study protocol was approved by the University of the Free State Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (HSREC), with approval number: UFS-HSD2022/0353/2607-0001. Ipomoea cairica stem and leaves were harvested and identified by Prof. H. Baijnath, Department of Conservation Science, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, with specimen number 29 30 DD housed at the Ward Herbarium. The dried plant was extracted sequentially using organic solvents ranging from non-polar to polar and water. The extracts were filtered and concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then evaporated to dryness/lyophilized. Cells were cultured according to standard established procedure. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical analyses. FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays were done to examine antioxidant activity and MTT assays were used to evaluate the antiproliferative/cytotoxicity of the extracts against normal (Vero) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and 4T1). Results and Discussion: Extracts of Ipomoea cairica possess alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, triterpenoids, and anthraquinones. The results from the DPPH and ABTS assays revealed that the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions had significantly the highest antioxidant potentials while the methanol stem extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activity in the FRAP assay. The DCM stem extract showed the highest antiproliferative activity against all tested cell lines. Conclusion: Extracts of I. cairica possess significant antioxidant properties and antiproliferative activities against a wide array of breast cancer types including the most challenging triple-negative breast cancer. The plant would make for a strong herbal candidate for adjuvant therapy with breast cancer medication. Citation Format: Ayodeji Mathias Adegoke, Doreen Kulabako Kyagaba, Nomonde Hadebe, Nandi Mabaso, Relebohile Patricia Lefojane, Himansu Baijnath, Oyeronke Adunni Odunola, Mamello Patience Sekhoacha. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Ipomoea cairica extracts on three breast cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1833.

Characterization and antioxidant activity of peel extracts from three varieties of citrus sinensis

High volume of postharvest materials including peels from citrus fruits is periodically generated, which contributes to environmental pollution. Investigating the chemical composition cum antioxidant property of these ‘wastes’ would be instructive in achieving value addition in the food and pharmaceutical value chain. On this premise, this study carried out phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of three (3) commonly cultivated citrus varieties namely Citrus sinensis ‘valencia’, Citrus sinensis ‘washinton’ and Citrus sinensis ‘thompson navel’. The peels were extracted using ethanol and hexane in a Soxhlet extractor and thereafter subjected to phytochemical and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays to evaluate their antioxidant potentials. Results show that Citrus sinensis peel extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, diterpenes, tannins and glycosides. GC/MS analysis identified about 48 compounds in each extract; with the predominant bioactive compounds being limonene (16.5%), ascorbic acid (17.7%), stearic acid (26.3%), linalool (4.7%), linoleic acid (16.18%), palmitic acid (15.23%), pentadecyclic acid (1.1%). Ethanol and hexane extracts of Valencia exhibited higher FRAP (9.09 ± 0.13) and CUPRAC (2.04 ± 0.06) values while the ethanol extract of Ibadan sweet demonstrated greater hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (1.39 ± 0.00). Citrus peels are rich in bioactive compounds with excellent antioxidant activity and may serve as potential sources of natural antioxidants for food products or pharmaceutical formulations.

Antioxidant compounds produced by endolichenic fungus Penicillium sp.-strain 1322P isolated from Pyxine subcinerea.

Endolichenic fungi are expecting for new bioresources of pharmacological compounds. However, the number of investigations targeting antioxidant compounds produced by endolichenic fungi remains limited. To discover new antioxidant compounds, we analyzed the antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts derived from isolated lichen mycobionts or endolichenic fungi induced from Pyxine subcinerea. We performed this analysis using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. As a result, we isolated from an endolichenic fungus identified as Penicillium sp.-stain 1322P in Pyxine subcinerea. This fungus produced a red pigment, and its chemical structure was determined to be sclerotioramine based on the analytical data obtained from NMR, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC-PDA. Sclerotioramine exhibited high antioxidant activity, and the ORAC values (mean ± SD) of sclerotioramine and sclerotiorin were 11.4 ± 0.36 and 4.86 ± 0.70 mmol TE per gram of the respective pure compound. Thus, the antioxidant activity of sclerotioramine was greater than twice that of sclerotiorin. This work represents the first report that the antioxidant activity of sclerotioramine is higher than that of the sclerotiorin.