Antioxidant Vitamin Concentrations Research Articles

Supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients in pregnant women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Obesity increases maternal morbidity and adversely affects child health. Maternal inflammation may play a role in adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether providing a higher dose of antioxidant micronutrients to pregnant women with obesity would raise concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins and impact inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy. This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We recruited pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 at their initial prenatal visit ( < 13 weeks gestation) and collected blood and urine samples at baseline, 24-28 weeks, and 32-36 weeks to measure micronutrient concentrations (vitamin C, E, B6 and folate), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, 8, and 1β) and oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α and malondialdehyde). We collected maternal and infant health data from enrollment to delivery as secondary outcomes. We enrolled 128 participants (64 in each arm), and 98 (49 in each arm) completed follow-up through delivery. Both groups received a standard prenatal vitamin containing the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients in pregnancy. In addition, the intervention group received a supplement with 90 mg vitamin C, 30 αTU vitamin E, 18 mg vitamin B6, and 800 μg folic acid, and the control group received a placebo. The intervention group had higher vit B6 (log transformed (ln), β 24-28 weeks: 0.76 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.40, 1.12); β 32-36 weeks: 0.52 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.17, 0.88)) than the control group. Vitamins C, E, erythrocyte RBC folate concentrations did not differ by randomization group. The intervention did not impact biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress. There were no differences in maternal or neonatal clinical outcomes by randomization group. Higher concentrations of antioxidant vitamins during pregnancy increased specific micronutrients and did not impact maternal inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be related to dosing or type of supplementation provided. Clinical Trial Identification Number: NCT02802566; URL of the Registration Site: www. gov .

Functional Composition, Minerals and Antioxidant Vitamins Content of Juice of (Botria africanus)

Fruits play important role in human nutrition, particularly as sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. This research is able to highlight essential composition available in juice of (Botria africanus), the functional composition, mineral and antioxidant vitamin contents were determined. The results identified availability of nutrients were obtained to be moisture content (20.17±0.76mg/dL), ash content (5.33±0.58mg/dL), crude protein (3.81±0.02mg/dL), crude lipid (12.33±0.12mg/dL), crude fibre (1.33±0.58mg/dL), and carbonhydrate (57.08±0.01mg/dL). The mineral contents were also identified to be Iron (3.723±0.003mg/dL), Manganese (0.405±0.005 mg/dL), Magnesium (ND±ND mg/dL), Phosphorus (31.15±0.050mg/dL), Potassium (5800 ± 100.000mg/dL), Sodium (150 ± 5.000mg/dL) and Zinc (0.016±0.008mg/dL) at the end the vitamins content were also obtained to be vit C&gt; vit E &gt; vit A the values are 53.6 ± 0.300&gt; 50.21 ±3.357&gt; 1.158±0.008, the research concluded that juice of (Botria africanus) contained an important nutritional components that are useful which are able to protect the body against oxidative stress.

The Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Milk and Plasma of Women with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Women with gestational diabetes (GD) have reduced antioxidant capacity; however, the relationship between maternal diet, maternal biochemical capacity, breast milk concentration, and infant intake has not been adequately explored in the literature. An exploration of underlying mechanism(s) is warranted, particularly for nutrient antioxidants impacted by maternal intake. These nutrients may provide a means for modifying maternal and infant antioxidant capacity. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and beta-carotene concentrations were measured in breast milk of women with and without GD. Plasma, three-day diet records, and breast milk were collected at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Student's t-test was used to compare breast milk ORAC, nutrient antioxidant concentration and plasma ORAC between women with and without GD. Pearson correlations were used to determine associations among antioxidant concentrations in breast milk and dietary antioxidant intake. Breast milk antioxidant concentrations were associated with maternal intake of beta-carotene (r = 0.629, p = 0.005). Breast milk and plasma ORAC and antioxidant vitamin concentrations were not significantly different between GD and NG women. Breast milk ORAC associated with breast milk alpha-tocopherol for NG (r = 0.763, p = 0.010), but not GD women (r = 0.385, p = 0.35), and with breast milk ascorbic acid for GD (r = 0.722, p = 0.043) but not NG women (r = 0.141, p = 0.70; interaction p = 0.041). In GD participants, breast milk ORAC was significantly associated with plasma ORAC (r = 0.780, p = 0.039). ORAC and antioxidant vitamin concentrations in breast milk in women with GD were comparable to women with NG; however, the relationships between breast milk ORAC and vitamin concentrations differed in GD versus NG women for alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid.

Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Composition of Fresh Carrot-Cabbage Juice

Antioxidants are substances that protect cells from the damages caused by free radicals. Fruit and vegetables are rich in antioxidants and provide important sources of antioxidants. While the quest for an antioxidant supplement is ongoing, this study investigated the antioxidant vitamins and minerals composition of fresh carrot-cabbage juice. Antioxidant vitamins and minerals compositions of the juice were determined by standard methods using spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) respectively. The concentration of antioxidant vitamins was found to be in the order; vitamin C &gt; vitamin A &gt; vitamin E. However, manganese has the highest concentration (P &lt; 0.05) among minerals. There is no significant difference between the concentrations of manganese and copper (P &gt; 0.05). The concentration of chromium is significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than that of manganese and copper but greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that of zinc. The study showed that fresh carrot-cabbage juice contains a respective concentration of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) and antioxidant minerals (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn). The juice is hence a good source of antioxidant vitamins and minerals and may help complement the antioxidant system of the body.

Antioxidant properties of Lycianthes rantonnetii and contents of vitamin and element

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antiradical activity of the Lycianthes rantonnetii (Solanacaeae) plant, to determine levels of element (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Mo, Cd, As, Pb, Co, V, Tl, Li, Ti, Sr, Be), mineral (Mg, P) and vitamin (A, E, C). In the study, metals and mineral analyses were carried out using dry ashing method with ICP-OES, vitamin A and vitamin E analyses were carried out using the HPLC method and vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity and anti-hemolytic activity of the methanol extract Lycianthes rantonnetii (L. rantonnetii) plant was determined spectrophotometrically. According to the results, Cu, Zn, Co, Mg, retinol, -tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of L. rantonnetii were 57.60  4.83 mol/kg, 0.14  0.01 mmol/kg, 2.23  0.10 mol/kg, 39.13  1.76 mmol/kg, 12.22 ± 3.37 μmol/kg, 104.55 ± 7.44 μmol/kg, 80.61 ± 9.31 mg/100 g, 11.45 ± 0.60 mM ascorbic acid/g, 5.33 ± 0.41 mg GA/g and 3.76 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that the content of antioxidant vitamins, minerals of the L. rantonnetii plant was at high levels and it contains a reasonable amount of total phenol, and flavonoids also, it was determined that the plant had a high scavenging activity for free radicals. It is believed that L. rantonnetii can be used as an additive for food products in the various food sectors with appropriate antioxidant activities.

Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with greater anti-oxidant capacity and improved glycemic control in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Healthy dietary patterns are typically associated with improved metabolic and cardiovascular health in population-based cohorts. This study aims to investigate whether a healthy dietary score, derived from UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ), is significantly associated with measures of metabolic health and nutritional status in patients with T2DM. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 85 patients with T2DM (age: 51.7±9.4, BMI: 30.6±5.3) and 20 healthy volunteers (age: 48.4±8.6, BMI: 29.5±5) recruited from the Al-Hassan Diabetes and Endocrinology Specialized Center, Karbala, Iraq. Body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) and resting clinic blood pressure were measured. All participants completed the UKDDQ to assess the quality of the diet. Metabolic and nutritional biomarkers were measured in fasting blood samples. A composite nutritional heathy index score (CNHI-score) based on the sum of z-scores for plasma vitamin A, C and E concentrations was derived. RESULTS: In patients with T2DM the UKDDQ score was associated with lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r = –0.33; P &lt; 0.01), hemoglobin A1C (r = –0.49; P &lt; 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r = –0.26; P = 0.02) concentrations. In patients with T2DM, the CNHI-score significantly associated with UKDDQ (r = 0.43; P &lt; 0.001). In addition, a higher CNHI-score was associated with FBG (r = –0.61; P &lt; 0.001), HbA1C (r = –0.83; P &lt; 0.001), TC (r = –0.30; P &lt; 0.01) and triglyceride (r = –0.30; P &lt; 0.01) concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy diet is associated with a higher concentration of anti-oxidant vitamins and better glycemic and lipid profile in healthy subjects and in patients with T2DM.

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ВИТАМИНОВ-АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ У ЮНОШЕЙ-СТУДЕНТОВ ХАНТЫ-МАНСИЙСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ

Analysis of the content of vitamins (A, E, C, D) in the blood of students of the medical faculty of the Khanty-Mansiysk Medical Academy showed that the content of antioxidant vitamins (A, E and C) in 78% of young men varied markedly and was in the range of reference values, but closer to the minimum physiological values. Vitamin D concentrations were 1.7 times lower than the permissible optimal values and averaged 17.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml.

The Association of Higher Composite Biomarker Score of Antioxidant Vitamins with Lower Cardiovascular Diseases Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study

Biomarkers for the dietary system, which includes a mixed fruit and vegetable (FV), are needed to understand the association of FV intake with a reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk. This is a cross-sectional study that aims to find the potential relationship between a high composite score comprised of antioxidant vitamins and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 94 (42 males and 52 females) participants (mean age ± SD: 51.7 ± 9.4 years) completed a specific questionnaire including a quick food scan, which has designed by the American National Institutes of Health. The vitamins A, C, and E were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An enzymatic colorimetric method was used to determine other biomarkers [fasting blood sugar (FBS), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile]. A Composite Biomarker Score (CBS) comprising of the plasma vitamins (A, C, and E) have been derived. The results showed that male participants demonstrated significantly higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than female participants. Female participants with greater ASCVD risk were associated with significantly higher age, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the CBS with lower ASCVD risk. Consequently, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of serum antioxidant vitamins are related to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk.

Effect of Tamarillo Fortification and Fermentation Process on Physicochemical Properties and Nutrient and Volatiles Content of Yoghurt.

Bright-red Laird’s Large tamarillo is a unique and under-utilised fruit that is a dietary source of carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and dietary fibre. The effects of the addition of freeze-dried tamarillo powder (5–15%) to milk and yoghurt starter either before (PRE) or after (POS) fermentation on physicochemical properties were examined. Using LC-MS and GG-MS, nutrient and volatile contents of tamarillo yoghurt were also examined. The addition of tamarillo prior to fermentation was associated with a more yellow colour and higher concentrations of tocopherol compared to when tamarillo was added after fermentation. Higher elastic modulus, PUFAs, pro-vitamin A content, and vitamin C retention were observed for POS than PRE. All tamarillo yoghurts showed improvement in syneresis, lower lactose content, and higher concentrations of antioxidant vitamins than the commercial premium-assorted fruits yoghurt from New Zealand Food Composition Data. Yoghurt fortified with tamarillo powder offers the potential for the development of a high-value nutritional product that could be a good source of vitamin C and a source of vitamin E and β-carotene, and maintain the volatiles that give tamarillo its distinctive flavour.

Role of Antioxidant Vitamins in Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis is vital in the preservation of cognition. Previous studies have reported antioxidant vitamins as a key regulatory factor in neurogenesis. However, current research investigating their role is inconclusive due to the limited number of studies that have been conducted and conflicting results. This review evaluates the scientific evidence behind the potential roles of antioxidant vitamins in neurogenesis. Observations concerned with the mechanistic and functional aspects of how antioxidant vitamins modulate neurogenesis are both assessed. Vitamin A is evidently involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation; vitamin C reportedly promotes neural differentiation and maturation while inhibiting neurite outgrowth; vitamin E is identified to inhibit cell proliferation while improving cell viability. Varying antioxidant vitamin concentrations have been implicated in facilitating cognition in terms of attention, memory, language, and executive function. Moreover, this review suggests a threshold antioxidant vitamin concentration that should be maintained to promote optimal levels of adult neurogenesis.

Increased blood alpha-carotene, all-trans-Beta-carotene and lycopene levels are associated with beneficial changes in heart rate variability: a CVD-stratified analysis in an adult population-based study

BackgroundAlthough the associations of antioxidant micronutrients, such as carotenoids and vitamins, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been studied extensively, blood concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients and heart rate variability (HRV), which has been proven to be an indicator of cardiac autonomic control, has not been reported. We aimed to explore whether blood concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients, including carotenoids and vitamins, are associated with elevated heart rate variability (HRV (beneficial change) in a cross-sectional analysis.MethodsData were obtained from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study that includes a general adult population. A total of 1074 (aged 34–84) individuals were included. Multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the association between main blood carotenoids (total lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, 13-cis-beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, all-trans-beta-carotene and total lycopene) and vitamins A (retinol) and E (gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol) and HRV after adjustments were made for lifestyle factors and age-related confounders.ResultsPearson correlation analyses showed that the increased levels of carotenoids and vitamins were positively correlated with higher HRV (all P < 0.05). After adjustments were made for age, gender, race, body mass index(BMI), ever-smoker, number of drinking years and exercise, blood alpha-carotene, all-trans-beta-carotene and total lycopene levels were independently associated with higher HRV in the linear regression model (all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis by adding “ever chronic respiratory diseases” as a covariate suggested that blood concentrations of these three carotenoids were still associated with higher low-frequency (LF)-HRV and high-frequency (HF)-HRV (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, stratified analyses suggested that the associations were affected by adding “heart disease” and “hypertension” as covariates.ConclusionsWe provide the first evidence that elevated blood concentrations of alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene and lycopene are associated with beneficial changes in HRV in the general population. Daily intake of fruit and vegetables may be beneficial to increase blood carotenoid status and further prevent autonomic dysfunction.

Serum antioxidant vitamin concentrations and oxidative stress markers associated with symptoms and severity of premenstrual syndrome: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundIt has been suggested that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may derive from either elevated oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant vitamin levels in the body; however, these relationships have been minimally studied in a large cohort of healthy women. Our objective was to estimate the association between serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E) and markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane) with symptoms and severity of PMS.MethodsThe BioCycle study was a prospective cohort study following 259 healthy premenopausal women aged 18–44 years for up to 2 menstrual cycles. Frequency/severity of 20 PMS symptoms were assessed via questionnaires 4 times/cycle, and antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured up to 8 times/cycle to correspond with specific cycle phases. Generalized linear models were used to estimate associations between mean antioxidant concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers with PMS symptoms and severity; linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations with symptom severity scores within groups (e.g. depression, cravings, pain).ResultsHigher concentrations of serum antioxidant vitamins were largely not associated with prevalence or severity of PMS symptoms. Though a few associations were observed, only associations between mean γ-tocopherol and decreased odds of swelling of the hands/feet survived adjustment for multiple comparisons (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16, 0.65, per ug/dL). However, F2-isoprostanes were associated with prevalence and severity of several symptoms specifically related to depression and cravings (depression score β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12, per 10 ug/dL; cravings score β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10, 0.22, per 10 ug/dL), as well as with classification of PMS severity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.14, per 10 pg/dL), with these associations surviving adjustment for false discovery rate.ConclusionsF2-isoprostanes, but not antioxidant vitamins, were associated with select PMS symptoms, as well as symptom and severity categories. Specific symptom relationships merit further research.

Вплив прооксидантно-антиоксидантного гомеостазу на функціональну активність сперміїв кнурів за корекції мінерального живлення

The use of chelated compounds of trace elements as an alternative to mineral salts can increase their conversion, reduce the content in feed and prevent environmental pollution. However, it remains relevant to study the effect of these substances on the reproductive capacity of pigs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAH) on the functional activity of sperm of boars in the correction of mineral nutrition. The study used adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory - 30, basic - 60 (feeding lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron) and final - 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and two experimental were with the addition of lactates Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. In the obtained blood samples it was determined the state of PAG. The functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa at 170C after 3 hours of incubation was determined by their activity and survival by testing for heat resistance, heat stress resistance, the number of anomalies and the integrity of acrosomes. It was found that the introduction of lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of PAG in blood depending on the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% above the norm after 60 days of feeding helps to preserve the content of antioxidant vitamins, reduced glutathione, stimulates the functional activity of superoxide dismutase by 50% and catalase by 23.6% and is accompanied by a slight decrease in peroxidation processes. conjugates and TBC-active complexes. The addition of lactates of micronutrients to the feed mixture is by 20% more than norma for boars, compared with the control group, after 30 days of use stimulates peroxidation, accompanied by intensive use of non-enzymatic - vitamin A (p &lt;0,05-0,01) and activation of enzymatic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase (p &lt;0.05-0.01) and catalase, which lasts for 90 days. The viability of sperm is significantly correlated with the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% more than normal after 60 days of feeding helps to increase the functional activity of sperm for 3 hours at a temperature of 170C storage, heat resistance (p &lt;0.05), heat stress resistance, increases their ability to fertilize. The addition of lactates of micronutrients in the feed mixture is by 20% more than the norm for boars in comparison with the control group after two months of feeding increases the number of pathological forms of sperm (p &lt;0,005), acrosome damage (p &lt;0,05), reduces heat resistance and heat stress resistance of sperm &lt;0.05), which reduces their fertility. It was found the fact that the processes of peroxidation in blood of boars are significantly interrelated with the functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa. The content of primary and secondary peroxidation products significantly correlates with the fertilizing ability of sperm in the range of r = 0.95… 0.99. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase are significantly interrelated with the fertilizing ability of sperm: in animals of the second group, the correlation coefficients were respectively r = 0.98 and r = 0.97, the third - r = 0.12 and r = 0.96, the first - r = - 0.58 and r = 0.80.

An assessment of the antioxidant vitamins concentration in people with metabolic syndrome working in agriculture

Vitamins A, C and E are important parts of the antioxidant barrier. Polish data on antioxidant vitamins deficiency in the population are rare, especially among physically active people with metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of vitamins A, C and E in people with metabolic syndrome (MS) working in agriculture, the prevalence of their deficiency in these workers, and the correlation between antioxidant vitamins concentration and traditional biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. The study included 332 residents of the Łódź Voivodeship working in agriculture: 231 people with MS and 101 healthy ones. The serum concentrations of vitamins A, C and E were assessed using the chemiluminescent immunoassay technology. The antioxidant vitamins intake was assessed by means of a 24-h recall questionnaire using Diet 5.0 software. The mean serum concentrations of vitamins A, C and E were significantly lower in the MS workers than in the healthy ones No correlation was found between the antioxidant vitamins concentration and the dietary intake but there was a correlation between the antioxidant vitamins concentration and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). A correlation was found between the serum concentrations of vitamins A and C, and vitamins A and E, in the MS workers. The serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins in the MS workers were significantly lower than in the healthy controls, despite the similar physical activity level. The dietary intake had no impact on the serum concentrations of these vitamins. The HDL-C concentration in the MS workers correlated with the concentrations of all antioxidant vitamins. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):123-9.

The Impact of Mastitis on the Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat's Milk: A Review.

Goat mastitis has become one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in goat farms, with significant economic impact on the dairy industry. Inflammation of the mammary gland poses serious consequences on milk composition, with changes regarding biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers. The aim of this paper is to present the most recent knowledge on the main biochemical changes that occur in the mastitic milk, as well as the overall effect of the oxidative and nitrosative stress on milk components, focusing on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers. Mastitis in goats is responsible for a decrease in milk production, change in protein content with pronounced casein hydrolysis, and reduction in lactose concentration and milk fat. Milk enzymatic activity also undergoes changes, regarding indigenous enzymes and those involved in milk synthesis. Furthermore, during mastitis, both the electrical conductivity and the milk somatic cell count are increased. Intramammary infections are associated with a reduced milk antioxidant capacity and changes in catalase, lactoperoxidase, glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activity, as well as reduced antioxidant vitamin content. Mastitis is also correlated with an increase in the concentration of nitric oxide, nitrite, nitrate and other oxidation compounds, leading to the occurrence of nitrosative stress.

Effect of Statin Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations of Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

PurposeFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) requires early treatment. However, statins, which are regarded the first-line therapy, have an influence on redox balance. Antioxidant vitamins are important for many metabolic processes in the developing body. There are few data available on the long-term safety of statin use in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statin treatment in children with FH on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins: retinol, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10.MethodsThe first study group consisted of 13 children aged 10–18 years treated with simvastatin for at least 6 months, and the second group comprised 13 age- and sex-matched children with hypercholesterolemia, in whom pharmacological treatment had not been applied yet. Analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a MS detector.ResultsThe analysis did not reveal significant differences in the concentration of retinol, alpha-tocopherol or coenzyme Q10 between the studied groups. The adjustment of the concentrations of the vitamins to the cholesterol level also indicated no significant differences. We found no deficits in antioxidant vitamins in patients treated with statins, or any risk of adverse effects associated with an increase in their concentration.ConclusionThere is no rationale for additional supplementation using antioxidant vitamins or modification of low-fat and low-cholesterol diet in pediatric patients treated with statins.

Quantification of Carotenoids, α-Tocopherol, and Ascorbic Acid in Amber, Mulligan, and Laird's Large Cultivars of New Zealand Tamarillos (Solanum betaceum Cav.).

Amber (yellow), Laird’s Large (red) and Mulligan (purple–red) cultivars of New Zealand tamarillo fruit were separated into pulp (endo- and mesocarp) and peel (exocarp), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for carotenoids, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid contents. Fresh Mulligan pulp had the highest content of β-carotene (0.9 mg/100 g), α-tocopherol (1.9 mg/100 g), and ascorbic acid (28 mg/100 g). Higher concentrations of β-carotene and ascorbic acid, and lower concentrations of α-tocopherol were detected in pulps compared with peels. Compared with standard serves of other fruit, tamarillo had the highest β-carotene (9–20% RDI (recommended dietary intake)/serve), high ascorbic acid (67–75% RDI/serve), and α-tocopherol (16–23% adequate intake/serve). All cultivars had diverse carotenoid profiles dominated by provitamin A carotenoids (β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) and xanthophyll carotenoids (lutein; zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin). Favorable growth conditions (high light intensity and low temperature) may explain the higher antioxidant vitamin content in New Zealand tamarillos compared to those from other countries. Tamarillo peels may be used as natural food coloring agent to reduce waste and deliver sustainable production.

BMI-based Prenatal Vitamins to Ameliorate Oxidative Stress in Obese Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (P11-135-19)

ObjectivesObesity during pregnancy is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and concomitant depletion of nutritional antioxidant defenses, which may be implicated in adverse perinatal and long-term childhood outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine whether providing a BMI-based prenatal vitamin (BMI-PNV) to pregnant women with obesity would raise concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins (vit) and decrease markers of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy. MethodsThis was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of a BMI-PNV (higher amounts of vit C (250%), E (200%), B6 (900%) and folic acid (200%)) compared to a standard prenatal vita (Std-PNV) in obese pregnant women. We recruited pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 at their initial prenatal visit (< 13weeks gestation) and collected blood and urine at baseline, 24–28 weeks and 32–36 weeks to measure vit C, E, B6 and folate and markers of inflammation (C Reactive Protein, interleukin (IL)-6, 8 and 1β) and oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α and malonyldialehyde). We collected pregnancy and infant health data from enrollment to delivery. We used linear regression to evaluate associations between treatment arm and outcomes. ResultsWe enrolled 126 participants (63 in each arm) and 102 (51 per arm) completed follow-up through delivery. Mean ± SD baseline BMI was 35.7 ± 6.3 kg/m2 in the BMI-PNV and 35.5 ± 4.8kg/m2 in the STD-PNV groups. The baseline demographic characteristics are presented in Table 1. Randomization was mostly successful, but there were baseline differences between groups in biomarker levels and infection status for which we adjusted. Concentrations of vitamins B6 and C were greater in the BMI-PNV group than in the Std-PNV group at 24–28 weeks (B6: β = 0.86nmol/L, P < 0.0001; C: β = 0.15 umol/L, P = 0.02) and vitamin B6 at 32–36 weeks (β = 0.66 nmol/L, P = 0.0002) (Table 2). There were no differences in any biomarker of inflammation or oxidative stress by randomization group. There were no differences in maternal or neonatal clinical outcomes by randomization group. ConclusionsProviding higher concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins during pregnancy increased systemic concentrations of some of the antioxidant nutrients but did not decrease markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Larger studies are needed to examine the impact on clinical outcomes. Funding SourcesNIH National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Charles H. Hood Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪

Interactive effects of α-tocopheryl acetate and zinc supplementation on the antioxidant and immune systems of broilers

ABSTRACT1. A total of 1440 one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were allocated to 12 dietary treatments to evaluate dose-dependent effects of α-tocopheryl acetate (α-TOA) combined with zinc (Zn) supplementation on humoral and cellular immune responses, antioxidant enzymes, serum and hepatic contents of vitamins and minerals in broilers.2. Three levels of supplemental α-TOA (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) and 4 levels of Zn (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) were combined as a completely randomised design as a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement.3. Concentrations of serum α-tocopherol and selenium were influenced by the interaction of α-TOA and Zn. The interaction of α-TOA and Zn affected malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum and liver (p < 0.05). Incremental amounts of supplemental Zn augmented the effects of α-TOA in reducing serum and hepatic MDA concentrations.4. The interaction of α-TOA and Zn on antibody titres (p < 0.05) was such that increasing level of Zn at each α-TOA level led to a linear enhancement in antibody titre. Moreover, dietary supplementation with α-TOA and Zn resulted in an increase in relative weight of lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa, spleen; p < 0.05) along with an increase in humoral and cellular immune responses (p < 0.05).5. In conclusion, α-TOA with Zn showed interactive effects in improving oxidative stability and humoral immune responses, which could result from their impact on the concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in tissues.

Effects of Plantago major extract on serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in broiler

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Plantago major liquid extract on serum antioxidant vitamin and mineral concentrations of broiler. The experiment consisted of the control and 2 treatment groups, composed of 28 Ross 308 broiler chicks (Total, 84). A basal (control) diet was formulated. P. Major was added to the control diet as following: PM1 (5 g/kg feed), PM2 (10 g/kg feed). The chicks were feed for 42 days ad libitum. The serum micronutrients (Retinol, á-tocopherol, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc) levels were determined. The retinol, á-tocopherol, Fe, Mg, Mn levels were not affected, and the Zn levels decreased in the PM1 and PM2. The supplementation of P. major has affected the serum vitamin D and Zn levels for this study, and should be analyzed for the alterations on the metabolism in subsequent studies.