Antioxidant Properties Of Lignin Research Articles

Synergistic anticancer activity of Sulphoraphane and Teriflunomide co loaded lignin nanoparticles against triple negative breast cancer: Targeted nanoparticle delivery and drug repurposing

Triple negative breast cancer stands out as the most aggressive subtype within the spectrum of breast malignancies, characterized by increased risks of recurrence, metastasis, and dismal prognosis. Notably, TNBC cells exhibit extensive overexpression of folate receptors, particularly folate receptor alpha, which drives tumor cell proliferation and migration. Addressing TNBC remains a formidable challenge in oncology, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. While chemotherapy serves as the cornerstone of TNBC treatment, its efficacy is often compromised by systemic toxicity, resulting in suboptimal clinical outcomes. This hypothesis proposes a novel approach utilizing lignin nanoparticles functionalized with folic acid for targeted delivery to FRα-overexpressing TNBC cells. These nanoparticles will encapsulate both the chemopreventive agent Sulphoraphane and the chemotherapeutic agent Teriflunomide, offering advantages such as enhanced drug targeting, synergistic therapeutic effects, cost-effectiveness, and reduced off-target toxicity. Additionally, this hypothesis highlights the repurposing of Teriflunomide to overcome drug resistance and the antioxidant properties of lignin. Furthermore, the ease of nanoparticle fabrication via self-assembly presents a promising avenue for streamlined production and clinical translation.

Biomass fractionation techniques impact on the structure and antioxidant properties of isolated lignins

Lignin is a phenolic residue from biomass refinery industries. Biomass fractionation techniques keep emerging because of the pursuit of improved revenues from biomass refineries, which generates lignin structurally different from conventional one, i.e., the kraft lignin. To understand the impact of emerging biomass fractionation processes on the antioxidant properties of lignin, six lignins were isolated from pine wood, and structurally analyzed with ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hetereonuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. The antioxidant activity of isolated lignins was determined by DPPH assay, ABTS assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The structure and antioxidant properties of lignin were discussed accordingly. The results of this study would provide solid data guiding the isolation of lignin-based high-performance antioxidants from biomass.

Lignin-Based Additives for Improved Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Biolubricants

There is an environmental concern regarding the use of petroleum-based lubricants, which are generally toxic and nonbiodegradable. Biobased lubricants, such as vegetable oils, are the alternative: they show excellent lubricity, are readily biodegradable and nontoxic. However, a major disadvantage of using vegetable oils in lubricant applications is their lack of thermo-oxidative stability, which can be improved by antioxidant additives. Here, we propose the use of lignin-based additives in biolubricant formulations to improve this feature, based on lignin’s known antioxidant properties. To ensure a stable dispersion in vegetable oil, lignin was partially esterified. Antioxidant properties of lignin before and after palmitoylation were demonstrated in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Four different lignin-based fractions, commercial Protobind P1000 soda lignin from straw, solvolytically fractionated Protobind P1000 lignin and two lignin fractions from reductively catalyzed fractionation (RCF) of native birch wood, were tested in biolubricant formulations with castor oil as base oil. Those lignin fractions exhibited excellent performance compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a commonly used petroleum-based antioxidant. Formulations of modified lignin in castor oil possess improved thermo-oxidative stability, as illustrated by their increased oxidation induction time. Additionally, rheological and tribological tests demonstrate similar, or in some cases improved, lubricating properties compared to castor oil. This study showcases the successful incorporation of lignin-based antioxidants in biolubricant formulations, tackling the major disadvantage of vegetable oils as environment-friendly lubricants.

Study on extraction of cotton stalk lignin by different methods and its antioxidant property in polypropylene

ABSTRACT In this paper, ionic liquid method and ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid method were used to extract lignin and the effects of various factors on the extraction of lignin were investigated. The properties and antioxidant properties of lignin were studied. The lignin extraction rates of the two methods were 93.60% and 94.01%, respectively. On this basis, the oxidation resistance and stability of lignin in polypropylene were studied, and the added value of lignin was increased. It was shown that the lignin extracted by two different methods had a certain antioxidant effect, and the ultrasonic assisted ionic liquid lignin had the best antioxidant effect.

Antioxidant Properties of Agri-food Byproducts |and Specific Boosting Effects of Hydrolytic Treatments.

Largely produced agri-food byproducts represent a sustainable and easily available source of phenolic compounds, such as lignins and tannins, endowed with potent antioxidant properties. We report herein the characterization of the antioxidant properties of nine plant-derived byproducts. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated the superior activity of pomegranate peels and seeds, grape pomace and pecan nut shell. An increase in the antioxidant potency was observed for most of the waste materials following a hydrolytic treatment, with the exception of the condensed tannin-rich pecan nut shell and grape pomace. UV-Vis and HPLC investigation of the soluble fractions coupled with the results from IR analysis and chemical degradation approaches on the whole materials allowed to conclude that the improvement of the antioxidant properties was due not only to removal of non-active components (mainly carbohydrates), but also to structural modifications of the phenolic compounds. Parallel experiments run on natural and bioinspired model phenolic polymers suggested that these structural modifications positively impacted on the antioxidant properties of lignins and hydrolyzable tannins, whereas significant degradation of condensed tannin moieties occurred, likely responsible for the lowering of the reducing power observed for grape pomace and pecan nut shell. These results open new perspectives toward the exploitation and manipulation of agri-food byproducts for application as antioxidant additives in functional materials.

Lignin — a promising biomass resource

Lignin, the second most abundant component in plants, is a class of complex aromatic polymer. Industrial lignin is a major byproduct of pulp and paper production and biorefineries, with more than 50 megatons generated annually. However, more than 98% of industrial lignin is either burned as fuel or discharged as wastewater, causing serious environmental pollution. From a sustainable feedstock perspective, finding additional high-volume and high-value applications for lignin is an extremely important and long-term pursued objective. Thus, lignin resources deserve to be further exploited as biorenewable raw materials for energy-saving and lowcarbon polymer production. Inspired by the natural three-dimensional structure, excellent ultraviolet-blocking and antioxidant properties of lignins, the authors have focused their research on lignin-based biorenewable resources. This review summarizes research achievements of the recent decade. Progress has been made in several aspects, such as nonionic and amphoteric lignin-based surfactants, lignin-based functional materials, lignin-based photoelectric materials, lignin-based resins and polymer composites, and catalytic depolymerization of lignin.

Preparation of Lignin/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Composite Nanoparticles and Their Application in Pickering Emulsion Template-Based Microencapsulation.

Lignin is a vastly underutilized biomass resource. The preparation of water-dispersed lignin nanoparticles is an effective way to realize the high-value utilization of lignin. However, the currently reported preparation methods of lignin nanoparticles still have some drawbacks, such as the requirement for toxic organic solvent or chemical modification, complicated operation process, and poor dispersibility. Here, lignin/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composite nanoparticles (LSNPs) with outstanding water dispersibility and a size range of 70-200 nm were facilely prepared via acidifying the mixed basic solution of alkaline lignin and SDS. No harsh chemical was needed. The formation mechanism was systematically studied. Results indicated that the LSNPs were obtained by acid precipitation of the mixed micelles formed by the self-assembly of lignin and SDS. In addition, on the basis of the LSNP-stabilized Pickering emulsions, lignin/polyurea composite microcapsules combining the excellent chemical stability of a synthetic polyurea shell with the fantastic antiphotolysis and antioxidant properties of lignin were successfully prepared.

Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Properties of Lignins from Conifer, Broadleaf, and Herbaceous Plants

The chemical structures of Pepper lignins isolated from several coniferous, broadleaf, and herbaceous plants were elucidated. It was shown that the studied lignins had heterogeneous biopolymer compositions consisting of monomeric guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-coumaryl (H) units. The antioxidant activity of the lignins was determined. A correlation between the antioxidant activity and the structure of the lignins was established.

Antioxidant properties of lignin and its fractions

Antioxidant properties of lignin in edible oils such as arachide oil have been investigated. Reaction kinetics were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and experiments entailed heating the pure oil or oil to which substances suspected of inhibiting oxidation, i.e. lignin or its fractions, had been added, with subsequent comparison of the thermograms obtained. Similar experiments were carried out for arachide oil with addition of the well known inhibitor 2,6-di-( ert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). Measurements described in this report prove that lignin and its fractions can be regarded as inhibitors in free radical auto-oxidation.