Antioxidant Intake Research Articles

Dietary antioxidant index and hypertension in the Iranian population: a nested case–control study within the Fasa adults cohort study

IntroductionHypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition associated with numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiac complications. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments, offer promising avenues for hypertension management. However, the precise relationship between dietary antioxidants and hypertension risk necessitates further investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and hypertension risk using a nested case–control design.MethodA matched nested case–control study was conducted within the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS), comprising 975 participants aged 35–70 years. Cases (n = 325) were hypertensive patients, while controls (n = 650) were individuals without hypertension, matched for sex and age. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DAI was computed based on standardized intake of antioxidants. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between DAI and hypertension risk, adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsA significant inverse correlation was observed between DAI and hypertension risk across all models (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86–0.93, p < 0.001). This association remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders, including BMI, smoking, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and educational status. In conclusion, higher DAI values were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, highlighting the potential benefits of antioxidant-rich diets in hypertension prevention.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions as a complementary approach to hypertension management.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis via NHANES data

The impact of antioxidant intake on the prognosis of osteoarthritis (OA) patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and all-cause mortality in OA patients. A total of 35,590 participants with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) were included in this study. We analysed the associations between the CDAI and the risk of all-cause mortality in OA patients via a multivariate Cox regression model. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to investigate the dose–response associations between the CDAI and mortality. We also conducted stratified analyses and interaction tests to explore underlying effect modification. After multivariable adjustment, each one-unit increase in the CDAI was associated with a 2.1% reduction in the risk of mortality. Compared with those in the low CDAI group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality for patients in the high CDAI group were lower [Model 1 (HR 0.648, 95% CI 0.557–0.754), Model 2 (HR 0.739, 95% CI 0.627–0.871), and Model 3 (HR 0.788, 95% CI 0.661–0.941)]. We observed a negative nonlinear relationship between the CDAI and all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). Stratification analyses and interaction tests confirmed the robustness of the results. We found a negative nonlinear relationship between the CDAI and all-cause mortality in OA patients. A higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality. These results highlight the potential advantages of monitoring and evaluating the CDAI status in preventing mortality among patients with OA.

Unveiling the Impact of Allethrin-Related Mosquito Coil Exposure on Testicular Histology: Investigating the Protective Role of Vitamin C and withdrawal dynamics

Introduction: Allethrin is a common pyrethroid, one of the major component of mosquito coils that is noxious. The aim of the current study is to see the protective effect of Vitamin C on an induced testicular damage by Allethrin as well as comparing it to withdrawal prognosis. Material and method: The Wistar rats comprised of following groups: Group 1-control group , Groups II, III, and IV- exposure groups. Each group consisted of 12 rats. These were subjected to mosquito coil fumes continuously overnight for eight hours every day for a duration of twelve weeks. To demonstrate the effects of withdrawal, Wistar rats from group III were kept in an environment free from additional exposure for eight weeks after the 12-week exposure period. In addition, Group IV received Vitamin C. Result: Group II exhibited significant alterations in the testicular architecture, including conspicuous shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, an increase in intertubular space, thickening and disruption of the basement membrane, decreased thickness of the germinal epithelium, sloughing of germinal cells into the lumen, reduced numbers and size of spermatogenic cells, retracted cytoplasmic processes of Sertoli cells, interstitial edema, lipid vacuolation, and deformation of Leydig cells. Withdrawal in group III showed some histopathological improvements, while group IV, treated with Vitamin C, demonstrated even more remarkable enhancements. Conclusion: Exposure of Wistar Albino rats to mosquito coils containing allethrin led to notable histopathological changes. However, these adverse effects can be ameliorated by incorporating daily antioxidant intake, such as Vitamin C supplementation. KEY WORDS: Mosquito Coil, Allethrin, Testicular, Seminiferous Tubules, Vitamin C, Antioxidant.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study from NHANES

BackgroundIndividual antioxidants may not fully capture the comprehensive antioxidant intake from an individual’s diet. This study utilizes the Complex Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) to evaluate the combined effects of various dietary antioxidants in the diet. The goal is to investigate the relationship between CDAI and the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED), offering insights for dietary guidelines and intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the burden of ED.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in the years 2001–2004. We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to validate the relationship between CDAI and ED. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the correlation between CDAI and ED across different subgroups. Additionally, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for several key confounding variables, enhancing the robustness of the results.ResultsIn the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model for confounding variables, CDAI is negatively correlated with the risk of ED (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, P = 0.005). When CDAI is transformed into a categorical variable based on quartiles, Q3 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99, P = 0.040) and Q4 (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.96, P = 0.026) show a negative correlation with the risk of ED. Subgroup analysis reveals no significant interaction. After adjusting for major confounding variables through PSM, the association between CDAI and reduced risk of ED remains significant.ConclusionIn our study cohort, there is an association between CDAI and a reduced risk of ED, and further research is needed to validate and refine this conclusion.

Chemerin alleviates the placental oxidative stress and improves fetal overgrowth of gestational diabetes mellitus mice induced by high fat diet

BackgroundEvidence has shown that oxidative stress induced by high glucose microenvironment in placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is indispensable to the progression of this condition. Adipokine chemerin was linked with GDM, yet the roles of chemerin in placental oxidative stress and its underlying effects on GDM in vivo remain elusive.MethodsWe firstly analyzed the disparities of oxidative stress levels in placenta between GDM and normoglycaemic pregnant women, and then added recombinant active chemerin to the high-glucose treated human trophoblastic cells to investigate effects of chemerin on reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and intake of glucose. Finally, a GDM animal model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was established and the impacts of chemerin on oxidative stress of placenta and fetal growth of GDM were explored.ResultsAnalysis of human samples showed that the extent of lipid peroxidation in placenta was significantly elevated in GDM patients compared with their normoglycaemic counterparts. In the high glucose cell model, active chemerin lessened the content of ROS, heightened the index of T-AOC and stimulated glucose uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, we successfully constructed a GDM mouse model through HFD. The treatment of chemerin was found to alleviate the high blood glucose levels in these HFD-fed pregnant mice and attenuate the excessive growth of their offspring. Our data also revealed that chemerin might counteract placental oxidative stress in HFD mice by improving the activity of superoxide dismutase.ConclusionsThe present study further elucidated the molecular biology of chemerin, which plays a pivotal role in ameliorating oxidative stress and hyperglycemia, resulting in improved fetal overgrowth in GDM.Graphical abstract

Identification and optimization of relevant factors for chronic kidney disease in abdominal obesity patients by machine learning methods: insights from NHANES 2005–2018

BackgroundThe intake of dietary antioxidants and glycolipid metabolism are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among individuals with abdominal obesity. Nevertheless, the cumulative effect of multiple comorbid risk factors on the progression and complications of CKD remains inadequately characterized.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dat abase (2005–2018), to examine potential factors related to CKD, including glycolipid metabolism, dietary antioxidant intake, and pertinent medical history. To explore the associations between these variables and CKD, the present study used a multivariable-adjusted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, along with a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Furthermore, an optimal predictive model was developed for CKD using ten machine learning algorithms and enhanced model interpretability with the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method.ResultsA cohort comprising 8,764 eligible individuals (52% male, including 1,839 CKD patients) with abdominal obesity aged 20–85 years were included. The findings revealed significant positive correlations in patients with abdominal obesity between the presence of CKD and age, a history of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, elevated lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) levels. Conversely, negative correlations were identified between CKD and variables such as sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). In parallel, RCS regression analysis revealed significant nonlinear associations between the CDAI, HDL-C, TyG-WC, and CKD among patients with abdominal obesity aged 60–80 years. The development of predictive models demonstrated that the CatBoost model surpassed other models, achieving an accuracy of 86.74% on the validation set. The model’s area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and F1 score were 0.938 and 0.889, respectively. The SHAP values revealed that age was the most significant predictor, followed by diabetes history, hypertension, HDL-C levels, CDAI index, TyG-WC, and LAP.ConclusionCatBoost models, along with glycolipid metabolism indexes and dietary antioxidant intake, are effective for early CKD detection in patients with abdominal obesity.

Primary Osteoporosis Induced by Androgen and Estrogen Deficiency: The Molecular and Cellular Perspective on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatments.

Primary osteoporosis is closely linked to hormone deficiency, which disrupts the balance of bone remodeling. It affects postmenopausal women but also significantly impacts older men. Estrogen can promote the production of osteoprotegerin, a decoy receptor for RANKL, thereby preventing RANKL from activating osteoclasts. Furthermore, estrogen promotes osteoblast survival and function via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Likewise, androgens play a critical role in bone metabolism, primarily through their conversion to estrogen in men. Estrogen deficiency accelerates bone resorption through a rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) and RANKL, which promote osteoclastogenesis. In the classic genomic pathway, estrogen binds to estrogen receptors in the cytoplasm, forming a complex that migrates to the nucleus and binds to estrogen response elements on DNA, regulating gene transcription. Androgens can be defined as high-affinity ligands for the androgen receptor; their combination can serve as a ligand-inducible transcription factor. Hormone replacement therapy has shown promise but comes with associated risks and side effects. In contrast, the non-genomic pathway involves rapid signaling cascades initiated at the cell membrane, influencing cellular functions without directly altering gene expression. Therefore, the ligand-independent actions and rapid signaling pathways of estrogen and androgen receptors can be harnessed to develop new drugs that provide bone protection without the side effects of traditional hormone therapies. To manage primary osteoporosis, other pharmacological treatments (bisphosphonates, teriparatide, RANKL inhibitors, sclerostin inhibitors, SERMs, and calcitonin salmon) can ameliorate osteoporosis and improve BMD via actions on different pathways. Non-pharmacological treatments include nutritional support and exercise, as well as the dietary intake of antioxidants and natural products. The current study reviews the processes of bone remodeling, hormone actions, hormone receptor status, and therapeutic targets of primary osteoporosis. However, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying primary osteoporosis seem complicated and unexplored and warrant further investigation.

Practical supplements for prevention and management of migraine attacks: a narrative review.

Migraine is one of the most debilitating neurological disorders that causes frequent attacks of headaches and affects approximately 11% of the global population. Deficient or even insufficient levels of vital nutrients would increase the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. Therefore, we aimed to examine the practical supplements for the prevention and management of migraine attacks. This narrative review study was conducted by searching PubMed, ISI web of science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords of "dietary supplement" and "migraine" plus their MeSH terms. Original articles published in English language from their inception to July 27th, 2024, studies that investigated adult population (aged >18 years), and those assessing the impact of intended nutrient supplementation on clinical symptoms of migraine were included in the study. Oxidative stress and low intake of antioxidants would be risk factors for migraine attacks by inducing inflammation. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, would lead to neuroinflammation and migraine episodes by increasing the cellular permeability and interactions. Evidence also indicated a direct association between phases of migraine attacks and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), mitochondrial disorders, monoaminergic pathway, disruption in brain energy metabolism, and higher serum levels of glutamate and homocysteine. Therefore, supplementation with nutrients involved in mitochondrial function, brain energy metabolism, and even methyl donors would relieve migraine attacks. Evidence indicated that supplementation with riboflavin, omega-3 fatty acids, alpha lipoic acid, magnesium, probiotics, coenzyme Q10, ginger, and caffeine would have favorable effects on migraine patients. However, more prospective studies are required to evaluate the effect of other nutrients on migraine patients.

Associations of dietary sources of antioxidant intake and NAFLD: NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization.

To determine the association between dietary antioxidant sources and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this observational study, we utilized NHANES 2017-2020 data to identify the factors associated with NAFLD in dietary antioxidant sources via weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Then, Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied to investigate the effect of dietary antioxidant sources on NAFLD at the genetic level. Of the six dietary sources of antioxidants, only vitamin E (Vit E) was significantly associated with NAFLD (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; p = 0.001). Upon adjusting for all covariates, it was determined that the highest quartile of dietary Vit E intake was associated with a decreased NAFLD occurrence compared with the lowest quartile of dietary Vit E intake (p < 0.001). The results of IVW-MR analysis revealed an association between Vit E and NAFLD (OR = 0.028; p = 0.039). Our research indicates a negative and linear relationship between daily vitamin E intake and NAFLD.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and sarcopenia among United States adults: A cross-sectional study.

Diets high in antioxidants are associated with decreased prevalence of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate whether the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and sarcopenia have an underlying relationship. We used the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. According to dietary antioxidant intake, the CDAI was calculated for each individual. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was employed to determine sarcopenia. Multivariate weighted logistic models and restricted cubic spline regression analysis was undertaken to determine the association between CDAI and sarcopenia. A total of 7012 participants were enrolled in this study, including 473 with sarcopenia (weighted percentage, 5.6%). Compared with the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of the CDAI exhibited a greater likelihood of being male, with lower body mass index, higher education level and economic standard, and more chance of being single or separated. In multivariate weighted logistic models, model 3 revealed a noteworthy inverse association between the CDAI and sarcopenia (odds ratio = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98; P = 0.003). Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of CDAI was associated with a 0.57-fold risk of sarcopenia (95% CI, 0.42-0.77; P < 0.001). The inverse association between CDAI and sarcopenia strengthened in the participants with elevated education levels (P for interaction = 0.003). The CDAI was inversely correlated with the prevalence of sarcopenia. As a comprehensive measurement representing antioxidant status, the CDAI may help manage and prevent sarcopenia.

Association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and periodontitis in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

The pathogenesis of periodontitis may be related to host-mediated inflammatory and immune responses caused by accumulation of oral microbial plaque. Nutrients have anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory capabilities. Dietary intake of antioxidants and micronutrients is associated with the inflammatory burden of the diet. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a composite index for assessing the antioxidant properties of a diet, and the relationship with periodontitis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and CDAI. The study was a cross-sectional design and included 7,471 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014 database. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups according to the relevant criteria, where the control group consisted of participants with no/mild periodontitis (including 3,646 participants) and the experimental group consisted of participants with moderate/severe periodontitis (including 3,825 participants). First, baseline characteristics of the two groups of participants were compared. Weighted logistic regression analyses was used to explore the relationship between periodontitis and CDAI. The linear relationship between the two was assessed using restricted cubic spline. Finally, subgroup analyses were used to assess model stability. Differences between the two groups of participants were statistically significant in age, sex, race, education, ratio of household income to poverty, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and prevalence of diabetes. CDAI, as a continuous variable, was not found to be significantly associated with periodontitis. The CDAI was converted to categorical variables according to quartile. In model 1, participants in the second and third quartile groups had a lower risk of developing periodontitis compared with participants in the lowest quartile group (OR [95% CI] 0.810 [0.681, 0.963], P = .021; OR [95% CI] 0.811 [0.691, 0.951], P = .014; respectively). In model 2, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartile groups had a lower risk of developing periodontitis compared to the lowest quartile group (OR [95% CI] 0.803 [0.660, 0.978], P = .0349; OR [95% CI] 0.753 [0.632, 0.897], P = .003; OR [95% CI] 0.753 [0.617, 0.920], P = .008; respectively). There was a non-linear relationship between CDAI and periodontitis (P non-linearity = .0055), with the inflection point occurring at a CDAI equal to 0.6342. There is a nonlinear relationship between CDAI and periodontitis in US adults. However, further prospective studies are still needed to validate the results.

Association between dietary antioxidant levels and diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

The onset and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly linked to oxidative stress. Previous studies have highlighted the protective effects of individual dietary antioxidants against diabetes. However, the relationship between a comprehensive combination of dietary antioxidants and diabetes has rarely been examined. Therefore, this study assessed the association between various dietary antioxidant intake levels and diabetes among US adults and further investigated potential associations using the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI). The study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018 for cross-sectional analysis. Dietary information was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The CDAI was calculated using intakes of six dietary antioxidants from the dietary information. Multifactorial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association of different dietary antioxidants and CDAI with DM. The relationship between CDAI and DM was further explored using subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline curves. A total of 7,982 subjects (mean age 47.32 ± 16.77 years; 48.50% male and 51.50% female) were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted single antioxidant model, vitamin C intake was significantly and negatively associated with diabetes prevalence (P for trend = 0.047), while zinc intake demonstrated a potential trend toward reduced diabetes risk (P for trend = 0.088). This association was similarly observed in the multivariate-adjusted model for the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) in the female population (p = 0.046). Intake of vitamin C was negatively associated with DM prevalence. Additionally, CDAI was found to reduce the risk of DM in the female population.

Residential food environment and dietary antioxidant consumption among pregnant women: Modifying effects of socioeconomic factors and ethnic identity

BackgroundResidential food environment influences dietary patterns, however the impact of individuals' perceived social identity on their antioxidant intake, an indicator of healthy dietary patterns, remains underexplored. ObjectiveWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data collected in a longitudinal cohort. In the study, we aimed to investigate the interactions between the food environment and two indicators of social identity, specifically a subjective ladder measure of socioeconomic status (SES) and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) score, in relation to dietary antioxidant intake (DAI) among n = 512 Boston and NYC-resident pregnant women. MethodsThe modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI) was calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's equation, with higher scores indicating a healthier food environment. DAI was estimated by summing standardized data from six micronutrients (magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, and E) obtained through the Block98 Food Frequency Questionnaires administered during pregnancy, with higher scores indicating increased intake. The mRFEI and DAI were dichotomized based on a median split. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regressions were used to analyze associations, both with and without considering women's subjective SES or MEIM levels as effect modifiers. ResultsWomen were racially/ethnically mixed (19.2 % White, 42.7 % Black, and 33.1 % Hispanic) with 32.2 % reporting more than high school education. In the main effect models, no significant association was observed between mRFEI and DAI. Women with higher MEIM scores exhibited higher DAI [Odds ratio (OR) =1.85, 95 % Confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–2.73]. Exploratory interaction models showed that subjective SES significantly modified the association (p-value for interaction = 0.03), specifically, women perceiving themselves to have a lower SES compared to their community (n = 45) exhibited a significantly positive association between mRFEI and DAI. ConclusionThese findings suggest that women perceiving their SES to be lower than their neighborhoods may benefit from better access to healthy food.

Association of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Consumption Time with NAFLD: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2020.

The timing of food intake can affect the physiological and metabolic functions of the body. However, whether and how the timing of dietary antioxidant intake could influence non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely unknown. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) serves as a comprehensive measure that encompasses various dietary antioxidants. This study aims to investigate the association between the meal timing of CDAI and NAFLD in American adults. We used data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intake was assessed through the implementation of two non-concurrent 24-h dietary recalls. Vibration-controlled transient elastography was employed to assess the controlled attenuation as an indicator of NAFLD. CDAI across the day (total, breakfast, lunch, dinner) and Δ CDAI (Δ = dinner-breakfast) were categorized into quartiles. Weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between the meal timing of CDAI and NAFLD. Of the 6570 participants in this study, 1153 had NAFLD. Participants in the highest quartile of total CDAI levels had a lower risk of NAFLD compared with the lowest quartile (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38-0.71). More importantly, participants in the highest quartile of dinner CDAI, but not those in that of breakfast or lunch, had a lower risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40-0.73) compared with the lowest quartile. The restricted cubic splines indicated a linear relationship between total CDAI and NAFLD (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.70), as well as between dinner CDAI and NAFLD (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.19). Stratification analyses revealed that the effect of dinner CDAI on NAFLD varied between non-Hispanic Whites and individuals of other races (Pfor interaction = 0.032). these findings suggest the potential beneficial effects of an antioxidant-rich diet and strategic meal timing on NAFLD.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and risk of infertility: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2020 and a Mendelian randomization study.

The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) measures the antioxidant capacity of the diet, which is believed to provide protection against various diseases, including depression, osteoporosis, and papillomavirus infection, by neutralizing harmful oxidative stress. However, the relationship between CDAI and infertility is not well understood. This research aims to explore the potential correlations between CDAI and the risk of infertility. This research harnessed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to execute a cross-sectional analysis involving 8263 US women aged 20-45. Each participant was subjected to two distinct 24-h dietary recall interviews. We calculated the CDAI using average daily antioxidant intake. Infertility was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The association between CDAI and infertility was examined using weighted multiple logistic regression models, while nonlinear correlations were explored through restricted cubic splines. To affirm the robustness of our findings, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed using unweighted logistic regression. Additionally, to ascertain the causal influence of circulating antioxidant levels on infertility, a two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted, using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analytic approach. Participants who were infertile exhibited lower CDAI levels compared to their fertile counterparts. When confounding variables were accounted for in the multivariate weighted logistic regression model, an inverse relationship was observed between CDAI and infertility, with the odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile being 0.55 (0.33-0.90, P = 0.02). However, the IVW method indicated that genetically predicted elevated levels of CDAI did not significantly correlate with infertility. Cross-sectional observational studies indicate that antioxidants from diets might diminish infertility risks. However, findings from MR studies do not confirm a causal connection. Additional prospective research is required to elucidate this association further.

Association between Dietary Antioxidants and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea: Insights from a Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background/Objectives: The multifactorial nature of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) implicates genetic, environmental, and dietary habits. Antioxidants found in foods have garnered attention for their potential role in mitigating ASCVD risk by combating oxidative stress. This study seeks to confirm the findings of previous research through a large-scale cross-sectional analysis performed in a unique population with Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to explore the association between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and ASCVD prevalence among middle- and old-aged individuals in South Korea. Methods: This study includes data from 2016 to 2021. The CDAI was calculated based on nutrition intake, including zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and docosahexaenoic acid. This cross-sectional analysis explored the relationship between the CDAI and ASCVD after adjusting for relevant covariates. Logistic regression models were employed, and subgroup analyses by sex were conducted to discern sex-specific effects. Results: A total of 19,818 individuals were analyzed, with 7.0% of them diagnosed with ASCVD. CDAI distribution and antioxidant analyses revealed higher CDAI levels in non-ASCVD individuals. Standardized antioxidant values increased across CDAI quartiles. Initially, a significant association (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.96 [0.94–0.99]) was found between the CDAI and ASCVD, which was attenuated after adjusting for covariates (1.0 [0.98–1.02]). Subgroup analyses by sex showed nuanced associations, with the CDAI potentially reducing the risk of ASCVD in men (0.71 [0.53–0.94]) while increasing it in women (1.4 [1.01–1.95]). Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the association between dietary antioxidant intake and the risk of ASCVD, highlighting sex-specific differences.

Antioxidant intake and its relationship with generalized anxiety disorder among adults

ABSTRACT Antioxidant intake may contribute to the prevention of numerous diseases, particularly those related to stress-induced psychiatric and stress disorders. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between daily antioxidant intake (DAI) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults. It also sought to investigate the correlation between the type of diet in conjunction with DAI and the scores on GAD 7-Item Scale in adults. A cross-sectional design was used to examine if DAI was lower in individuals with GAD; followed by an interventional study of 40 adults with severe GAD, who were exposed to higher DAI for a period of 6 weeks. The results indicated that participants with severe GAD had significantly lower levels of DAI compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). After 6 weeks of antioxidant supplementation, a significant decrease in GAD-7 scores of participants was observed (p < 0.001). The study found a significant negative relationship between DAI and GAD.

Therapeutic Effects of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Compounds from Different Pretreatment Processes on Women's Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review

Women’s reproductive health disorders occur due to oxidative stress and can be treated with antioxidant intake. One of them is by utilizing the phytochemical content of garlic (Allium sativum). The semi-systematic review method helps authors to identify the pretreatment of garlic compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC) on women's reproductive health. The literature collection was adjusted to the study of the treatment of garlic compounds with search keywords used “Garlic”, “Reproductive health”, “S-allyl cysteine”, and “Women”. The sources used come from online publications from 2010 to 2024. The form of research in the literature review was carried out on test animals, test cells, and test treatments on humans. The selection of information in the reviewed article refers to the year of publication, test products, sample objects, research methods, results, and discussion. The interpretation of the results will be explained descriptively based on the review analysis. Ten study articles have a positive effect of garlic compounds on women's reproductive health. The pretreatment carried out was garlic extract, garlic powder, hexane extract of aged black garlic, dried garlic powder, and aged garlic (black) extract. This review shows that garlic has a main compound S-allyl cysteine (SAC). The bioactive components of garlic can stimulate antioxidant activity and increase the fertility of reproductive organs because it increases the metabolism of oocytes, hormonal regulation, and the maturation of the endometrium. The results of garlic pretreatment showed that aged garlic (black garlic) extract contained S-allyl cysteine (SAC) with more compounds, was more stable, soluble in water, and had minimal toxic content. It allows black garlic (SAC) to have prophylactic properties at the clinical level, so it is possible to develop research on black garlic's effects on women's reproductive health.

Impact of dietary antioxidants on female infertility risk: evidence from NHANES

The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) serves as a valuable instrument for evaluating the intake of dietary antioxidants. This research aims to clarify the connection between CDAI and the risk of female infertility by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2018. Participants underwent two 24-h dietary recall interviews to calculate CDAI. Female infertility was determined through two questionnaires. Logistic regression model, restricted cubic spline and subgroup analysis were employed to examine the association between CDAI and female infertility. The study encompassed 2162 participants. Participants with female infertility had lower CDAI levels compared to those without. Following adjustment for confounding variables, a negative association between CDAI levels and female infertility was observed (Q4 vs. Q1, OR [95% CI] 0.392 [0.193, 0.795], P = 0.016). RCS demonstrated a statistically significant linear negative relationship between CDAI and female infertility. Subgroup analysis showed no significant interaction. This study illustrates a negative link between the CDAI and female infertility, indicating that higher consumption of dietary antioxidants may be associated with a reduced risk of female infertility. Additional rigorously designed prospective studies are necessary to validate these results.

High dietary antioxidant index associated with reduced insulin resistance in female Mexican children and adolescents

Antioxidant intake is inversely associated with different health outcomes; however, its association with insulin resistance (IR) has not been well documented. We hypothesized that the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) is inversely associated with IR in Mexican children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 830 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were enrolled. The DAI was evaluated in three categories defined by tertiles using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. IR was defined using previously reported cutoff points in the homeostasis model assessment. This association was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model. Stratified analysis was performed using body mass index and sex. The prevalence of IR based on the DAI categories (low, medium, high) was 23.8%, 24.2%, and 15.3%, respectively. The IR odds ratio (OR) for participants in the highest DAI category was 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.80). Notably, female Children and Adolescents in the highest DAI category had significantly lower odds of developing IR than those in the lowest DAI category (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Participants with overweight/obesity showed a similar association (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.76). These results suggest that the DAI is inversely associated with IR, particularly in females, highlighting the potential role of antioxidants in preventing IR. This underscores the need to establish recommendations for antioxidant consumption in female children and adolescents.