Antioxidant Indices Research Articles

Effects of Bacillus subtilis KG109 on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, Serum Indicators, Intestinal Morphology, and Digestive Enzymes in Broilers

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate how different doses of Bacillus subtilis KG109 powder affect the growth performance, carcass quality, serum biochemical indexes, serum antioxidant and immunological index, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activity of broilers. Four hundred chicks of a similar weight (1 day old) are randomly assigned to four groups of five replicates of 20 chicks each (half males and half females). The control group is fed a basal ration, and the experimental groups T1, T2, and T3 are supplemented with 6.0 × 108 CFU/kg, 1.2 × 109 CFU/kg, and 1.8 × 109 CFU/kg of Bacillus subtilis KG109 bacterial powder, respectively, in the basal ration. The feeding cycle is 52 d. Compared with the control group, Bacillus subtilis KG109 powder (1) increases the broiler feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), (2) improves the carcass quality (slaughter rate, cooking loss, L* and b* values) (p < 0.05), (3) enhances the serum biochemical indexes (alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin (ALB), and triglycerides (TG)) (p < 0.05), (4) improves the serum antioxidant capacity (total an-tioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) and immunoglobulins (lg A, lg G, lg M) (p < 0.05), (5) improves the intestinal morphology (villus height and villus height to crypt depth (VCR)) (p < 0.05), and (6) increases the intestinal digestive enzyme activities (amylase, protease, and lipase) (p < 0.05). In summary, adding Bacillus subtilis KG109 to broiler diets can result in a significant decrease in broilers’ FCR, an increase in their slaughtering rate, a decrease in their serum ALT, ALP, and AST activities, an increase in their serum TG content, an improvement of their immune and antioxidant capacity, an improvement of their intestinal morphology, and an improvement of their intestinal digestive enzyme activity. It is recommended to add 1.8 × 109 CFU/kg of bacteria.

Possible impact of antioxidant intake on composite dietary antioxidant index and the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: an observational study

ObjectiveWe aim to evaluate the association of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in a large population in the United States using a cross-sectional design.MethodsData was retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2008 and 2013–2020 datasets. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to explore the association between CDAI and BPH. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was also conducted to investigate the potential linear relationship. Sub-group analyses were also conducted.ResultsTotally, this study included 13,419 participants with 1085 BPH patients among them. The higher continuous CDAI value was significantly related to higher BPH risk (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.08). Besides, individuals with the highest quartile (Q4) CDAI possessed 1.87 times risk of BPH than the lowest quartile (Q1, OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.41, 2.50). The RCS curve also showed a positive linear dose-response relationship between CDAI and BPH (cut-off = -0.64). The P for interaction in any subgroup was > 0.05, indicating that the main outcome was not affected by other covariates. The limitation of this study was the lack of data on the relationship between CDAI and the severity of BPH symptoms.ConclusionsThis study reveals that an elevated CDAI may be associated with a linear higher risk of BPH. We do not recommend intentional or excessive antioxidant diet to prevent BPH based on the current results.

A new index for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of hemodialysis membranes using Fenton’s reagent

BackgroundHemodialysis and hemodiafiltration therapy involve supplying large amounts of blood and dialysis fluid to a hemodialyzer. Although the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes has improved recently, a standard evaluation method has not been established. In this study, we aimed to establish a standard method for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of hemodialysis membranes.MethodsWe used Fenton’s reagent to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the spent washing solution for dialyzers and hemodialysis membranes. The dialysis membrane materials used for the test were conventional or vitamin E-coated polysulfone.ResultsThe luminescence in the first 200 mL of the spent washing solutions was significantly lower than that of the control solution, for both the polysulfone and vitamin E-coated polysulfone membranes, because the dialyzer filling solution contained sodium metabisulfite as an antioxidant. Compared with the conventional polysulfone membrane, the vitamin E-coated membrane maintained its antioxidant capacity index after exposure to Fenton’s reagent. Vitamin E-coated membranes inhibited oxidation by Fenton’s reagent 5.5% more than polysulfone membranes.ConclusionsExposure to Fenton’s reagent can serve as a standard in vitro index to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of dialysis membrane materials that require large quantities of solution.

Transcription factors CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 negatively regulate salt tolerance in Codonopsis pilosula by inhibiting SOS pathway.

Environmental stresses such as salt and drought severely affect plant growth and development. SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in the regulation of diverse processes; however, reports describing the SPL regulation of plant responses to abiotic stress are relatively few. In this study, two stress-responsive TFs from Codonopsis pilosula (CpSPL5 and CpSPL8) are reported, which confer salt stress sensitivity. CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 are expressed in almost all tissues and localized in the nucleus, where the CpSPL5 transcript level is relatively higher than that of CpSPL8. Their expression levels are significantly suppressed in hairy roots treated with ABA, NaCl, PEG-6000, and under high temperature stress. Compared with the control, CpSPL5, or CpSPL8-overexpressed hairy roots increased salt stress sensitivity, and exhibited higher levels of O2- and MDA, as well as lower superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. Further, the CpSPL5 or CpSPL8 interference transgenic hairy roots enhanced salt tolerance and exhibited contrasting phenotype and antioxidant indices. Although all genotypes revealed significantly increased Na+ and decreased K+ contents under salt stress, the physiological indicators of CpSPL5 or CpSPL8-interference transgenic hairy roots could be partially restored, where CpSPL5 was more sensitive to salt stress than CpSPL8. A yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay revealed that CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 directly targeted and inhibited the expression of CpSOS2 in the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, which promoted salt stress sensitivity. Our findings suggest that CpSPL5 and CpSPL8 served as negative regulators of salt tolerance, which indicate that members of the SPL family participate in the plant SOS pathway.

The association between type 2 diabetes and dietary antioxidant index: a cross-sectional study in the Iranian population

The association between type 2 diabetes and dietary antioxidant index: a cross-sectional study in the Iranian population

Dietary antioxidant index and hypertension in the Iranian population: a nested case–control study within the Fasa adults cohort study

IntroductionHypertension (HTN) is a prevalent condition associated with numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiac complications. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary adjustments, offer promising avenues for hypertension management. However, the precise relationship between dietary antioxidants and hypertension risk necessitates further investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) and hypertension risk using a nested case–control design.MethodA matched nested case–control study was conducted within the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS), comprising 975 participants aged 35–70 years. Cases (n = 325) were hypertensive patients, while controls (n = 650) were individuals without hypertension, matched for sex and age. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DAI was computed based on standardized intake of antioxidants. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between DAI and hypertension risk, adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsA significant inverse correlation was observed between DAI and hypertension risk across all models (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86–0.93, p < 0.001). This association remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders, including BMI, smoking, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, and educational status. In conclusion, higher DAI values were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension, highlighting the potential benefits of antioxidant-rich diets in hypertension prevention.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions as a complementary approach to hypertension management.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis via NHANES data

The impact of antioxidant intake on the prognosis of osteoarthritis (OA) patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and all-cause mortality in OA patients. A total of 35,590 participants with OA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2020) were included in this study. We analysed the associations between the CDAI and the risk of all-cause mortality in OA patients via a multivariate Cox regression model. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to investigate the dose–response associations between the CDAI and mortality. We also conducted stratified analyses and interaction tests to explore underlying effect modification. After multivariable adjustment, each one-unit increase in the CDAI was associated with a 2.1% reduction in the risk of mortality. Compared with those in the low CDAI group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality for patients in the high CDAI group were lower [Model 1 (HR 0.648, 95% CI 0.557–0.754), Model 2 (HR 0.739, 95% CI 0.627–0.871), and Model 3 (HR 0.788, 95% CI 0.661–0.941)]. We observed a negative nonlinear relationship between the CDAI and all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). Stratification analyses and interaction tests confirmed the robustness of the results. We found a negative nonlinear relationship between the CDAI and all-cause mortality in OA patients. A higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality. These results highlight the potential advantages of monitoring and evaluating the CDAI status in preventing mortality among patients with OA.

Composite dietary antioxidant index mediates the effect of epilepsy on psychiatric disorders: results from NHANES 2013-2018.

Psychiatric disorders is a major public health problem and epilepsy contributes significantly to depression. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and mental illness in patients with epilepsy. The data presented here are based on the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In this study, the t-test and chi-square tests or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed for the analysis of continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) with four knots were employed to investigate the linear relationship and trend between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and epilepsy and psychiatric disorders, respectively. In instances where the linear relationship was not deemed to be applicable, the CDAI was categorized into four groups based on quartiles. A logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between epilepsy and mental disorders under four distinct models. A mediation analysis was employed to ascertain whether CDAI acted as a mediator in the relationship between epilepsy and mental disorders. Patients with epilepsy had a significantly lower CDAI (p < 0.001) and a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (p = 0.02) compared with non-epileptic patients. Mediation modeling showed that CDAI mediated between 3.17 and 5.21% of epilepsy-related psychiatric disorders. In stratified analyses, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was increased in the second quartile subgroup and the third quartile subgroup of the CDAI dietary index in patients with epilepsy compared with non-epileptic patients. Our findings suggest that patients with epilepsy have a high risk of developing psychiatric disorders and that the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) plays a key role in mediating the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Potential, and Genetic Diversity of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis from Three Different Regions in China

Fenneropenaeus merguiensis is one of the largest species of penaeid shrimp. It has a wide distribution of germplasm resources in the South China Sea and the southeastern coastal regions of China, yet its germplasm characteristics remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, we conducted analyses of basic nutritional components, amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidant indices, and genetic diversity in three F. merguiensis populations (FmRP, FmSZ, FmSY). The results showed a significant difference in ash content, with FmSZ having the highest ash content (1.77 g/100 g) (p &lt; 0.05). A total of 17 amino acids were detected, and FmSZ exhibited higher concentrations of most amino acids, especially essential amino acids (p &lt; 0.05). The analysis of fatty acid composition revealed significant differences between the populations, with FmSY potentially having a nutritional advantage overall (p &lt; 0.05). In terms of antioxidant capacity and genetic diversity, there were no significant differences in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), or superoxide dismutase (SOD) among the populations (p &gt; 0.05). However, genetic analysis indicated that FmSZ had the lowest inbreeding coefficient and relatively higher genetic diversity. In conclusion, among the three F. merguiensis populations, FmSZ has relatively higher nutritional quality and genetic diversity, and F. merguiensis is a high-quality aquatic product worth promoting. The analysis and characterization of various aspects of F. merguiensis from the three locations provide important information and data support for germplasm resources and genetic breeding efforts.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study from NHANES

BackgroundIndividual antioxidants may not fully capture the comprehensive antioxidant intake from an individual’s diet. This study utilizes the Complex Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) to evaluate the combined effects of various dietary antioxidants in the diet. The goal is to investigate the relationship between CDAI and the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED), offering insights for dietary guidelines and intervention strategies aimed at mitigating the burden of ED.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in the years 2001–2004. We employed a weighted multivariate logistic regression model to validate the relationship between CDAI and ED. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the correlation between CDAI and ED across different subgroups. Additionally, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for several key confounding variables, enhancing the robustness of the results.ResultsIn the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model for confounding variables, CDAI is negatively correlated with the risk of ED (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, P = 0.005). When CDAI is transformed into a categorical variable based on quartiles, Q3 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53–0.99, P = 0.040) and Q4 (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.96, P = 0.026) show a negative correlation with the risk of ED. Subgroup analysis reveals no significant interaction. After adjusting for major confounding variables through PSM, the association between CDAI and reduced risk of ED remains significant.ConclusionIn our study cohort, there is an association between CDAI and a reduced risk of ED, and further research is needed to validate and refine this conclusion.

Investigating the effects of co-exposure to noise and benzene on serum oxidative stress in rat

Occupational exposures are generally complex, workers are exposed with more than one hazardous agent in work environment. Combined exposure to noise and benzene is common in occupational environments. Sub-acute exposure to benzene vapors can induce oxidative stress in serum. Additionally, noise exposure leads to non-auditory effects, such as oxidative stress. However, In the authors' research scope, a study aimed at investigating the effect of co-exposure to noise and benzene on the oxidative stress of rat serum has not been found. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of co-exposure to noise and benzene on oxidative stress.In this study, 24 Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups: the control group (1), the group exposed to white noise with an intensity of 100dB and a frequency of 250-8KHz (2), the group exposed to benzene vapors with a concentration of 300 PPM (3), and the group co-exposed to white noise with an intensity of 100dB and benzene vapors with a concentration of 300 PPM. Oxidative stress induced was investigated by serum oxidative stress indices, including lipid peroxidation (MDA), total oxidative capacity (TOS), and antioxidant activity indices (SOD) and (GSH), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC).The results showed that exposure to noise and benzene, both separately and combined, can lead to oxidative stress in rat serum, increasing serum oxidant indices MDA and TOS while decreasing serum antioxidant indices TAC, SOD, and GSH was detected in groups exposed to noise and benzene. The findings indicate that the serum oxidative stress caused by the co- exposure to noise and benzene is significantly higher than separate exposure to noise or benzene, also Co-exposure to noise and benzene can have an almost additive effect on increasing serum oxidative stress in rats. This study highlights the importance of studying co-exposure to physical and chemical hazardous agents in the work environment.

Impact of melamine exposure on apoptotic proteins and oxidative stress markers in mouse hepatic tissue

Most melamine studies have focused on renal toxicity and its effects on the liver are still not well known. We investigated the apoptotic and oxidative effects of melamine on the liver using thirty BALB/c mice, divided into three groups. The control group received saline, while the low-dose melamine (LDM) group was given 400 mg/kg (1/8 LD50) and the high-dose melamine (HDM) group received 1600 mg/kg (1/2 LD50) intragastrically (0.25 ml) for 5 consecutive days. Liver Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expressions were analyzed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, and also at the gene level by quantitative Real-Time PCR. In addition, total antioxidant (TAS), total oxidant (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in liver tissues were measured spectrophotometrically. The immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 was higher in the LDM and HDM groups compared to the control group (p = 0.002). TOS and OSI levels were increased significantly (P

Identification and optimization of relevant factors for chronic kidney disease in abdominal obesity patients by machine learning methods: insights from NHANES 2005–2018

BackgroundThe intake of dietary antioxidants and glycolipid metabolism are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly among individuals with abdominal obesity. Nevertheless, the cumulative effect of multiple comorbid risk factors on the progression and complications of CKD remains inadequately characterized.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dat abase (2005–2018), to examine potential factors related to CKD, including glycolipid metabolism, dietary antioxidant intake, and pertinent medical history. To explore the associations between these variables and CKD, the present study used a multivariable-adjusted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, along with a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Furthermore, an optimal predictive model was developed for CKD using ten machine learning algorithms and enhanced model interpretability with the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method.ResultsA cohort comprising 8,764 eligible individuals (52% male, including 1,839 CKD patients) with abdominal obesity aged 20–85 years were included. The findings revealed significant positive correlations in patients with abdominal obesity between the presence of CKD and age, a history of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, elevated lipid accumulation product (LAP) and triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) levels. Conversely, negative correlations were identified between CKD and variables such as sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). In parallel, RCS regression analysis revealed significant nonlinear associations between the CDAI, HDL-C, TyG-WC, and CKD among patients with abdominal obesity aged 60–80 years. The development of predictive models demonstrated that the CatBoost model surpassed other models, achieving an accuracy of 86.74% on the validation set. The model’s area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and F1 score were 0.938 and 0.889, respectively. The SHAP values revealed that age was the most significant predictor, followed by diabetes history, hypertension, HDL-C levels, CDAI index, TyG-WC, and LAP.ConclusionCatBoost models, along with glycolipid metabolism indexes and dietary antioxidant intake, are effective for early CKD detection in patients with abdominal obesity.

Composite dietary antioxidant index, chronic respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018.

Diet rich in antioxidant may protect against chronic respiratory disease (CRD), but few studies have evaluated the association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and CRD. The study aimed to examine the association of CDAI with the risk of CRD and all-cause mortality in CRD patients from the US. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2018. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate association of CDAI with CRD and all-cause mortality. Dose-response relationship was examined by restricted cubic spline analyses. Total 44,094 participants were eligible for CRD (aged 1-85 years; mean age: 45.71 years old), and 7,685 CRD patients for all-cause mortality (median follow-up: 7.58 years; 1,136 deaths before 12/31/2019). The risk for CRD, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was significantly decreased by 13-32% with the increase intake of CDAI, even after adjusting for confounders (all P < 0.001). The relationship between CDAI and three respiratory endpoints was U-shaped (all P for nonlinearity < 0.001). There was an obvious declining trend in the magnitude of mortality risk with the increase of intake of CDAI, especially in patients with asthma. Fully adjusted hazard ratio was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.95), 0.55 (0.42-0.72), and 0.48 (0.34-0.66) for the second, third, and fourth quartile of CDAI in patients with asthma relative to the first quartile, respectively. The association with CRD risk was significantly modified by smoking status (P-interaction: 0.006). Our findings indicate that high CDAI is a significant protective factor against CRD and all-cause mortality in the US population.

Dynamics of markers of oxidative stress during the complex use of therapeutic physical factors in patients with true eczema associated with metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Among various pathological conditions associated with true eczema, metabolic syndrome occupies a special place, the high social significance of which is determined by its dominant influence on the main demographic indicators — life expectancy and mortality of the population. AIM: Assessment of the dynamics of parameters of pro- and antioxidant systems in patients with true eczema in combination with metabolic syndrome during the course application of broadband medium-wave phototherapy, mesodiencephalic modulation and their combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, controlled, comparative, randomized study was performed involving 115 patients with true eczema combined with metabolic syndrome, who were divided into 4 groups using simple randomization. The first group (control) received only basic drug therapy. In the second (comparison 1), third (comparison 2), and fourth (main) groups, patients additionally underwent courses of broadband medium-wave phototherapy, mesodiencephalic modulation, and their combination, respectively. The results of the course application of physiofactors were assessed by the dynamics of pro- and antioxidant system indices before and after the end of therapy. RESULTS: When comparing the main markers of oxidative stress between the group of healthy people and patients with true eczema in combination with metabolic syndrome, a pronounced imbalance in the "prooxidants-antioxidants" system was established, which indicates the development of oxidative stress. Conducting complex therapy had a corrective effect on the parameters of the lipid peroxidation process. More pronounced shifts in lipid peroxide metabolism indicators were revealed in the groups with the additional use of physiotherapeutic factors. The maximum corrective effect in relation to oxidative stress was established in the group with the complex use of physiofactors. An integrative assessment of the dynamics of oxidative stress markers using the antioxidant protection coefficient confirmed the results obtained. CONCLUSION: The use of therapeutic physical factors in the therapy of true eczema and metabolic syndrome is largely based on their ability to act as redox regulators of intracellular processes, exhibiting a stress-limiting effect and restoring oxidation-reduction homeostasis. The most promising in this regard are broadband medium-wave phototherapy and mesodiencephalic modulation.

Direct enrichment through conventional and ultrasound-assisted maceration of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas as a natural antioxidant

The flavoring of vegetable edible oils (VEO) with extracts from aromatic plants improves their acceptance, oxidative stability, and nutritional value. This study investigates the direct enrichment of sunflower oil (SO) with saffron stigmas (SS) using both conventional maceration (CM) and ultrasound-assisted maceration (UAM) at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%). Antioxidant properties, oxidative stability, and quality indices were evaluated. SS exhibited high levels of phenolics (52.4 ± 0.6 mg of GAE/g DM), flavonoids (100 ± 2 mg of QE/g DM), and antioxidant activity (16.77 ± 0.27 mg of TE/g DM for ABTS and 55.0 ± 0.6 mg of TE/g DM for FRAP). The enriched oils demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant and stability levels compared to non-enriched oils. No significant differences were found in oxidative stability indices or Rancimat test results between CM (5.5 ± 0.3 h with 0.6% of SS) and UAM (5.4 ± 0.2 h with 0.6% of SS). The control oil exhibited the lowest induction time at 4.5 ± 0.2 h. However, UAM resulted in lower pigments content, with chlorophyll and carotenoid levels measuring of 0.15 ± 0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.04 mg/kg respectively, for 0.6% of SS. Antioxidant activity and oxidative stability were found to be dose-dependent. UAM effectively enhanced oil stability without affecting the fatty acid composition. By reducing processing time and eliminating the need for chemicals, this innovative method demonstrates that SS can be used directly as a natural antioxidant, particularly at a concentration of 0.6%, to improve the sunflower oil stability.

N-3 Fatty Acids in Seafood Influence the Association Between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Depression: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with mental health. However, little is known regarding whether the status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modify the effect of dietary antioxidants on depression. The main purpose of study is to investigate longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and depression among 2564 participants aged 40-69 years using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and dietary intake were measured by a validated 106-item food frequency questionnaire and depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Cox's proportional hazard model was used to examine the risk of depression according to seafood consumption. During an 8-year follow-up period, 165 (11.9%) men and 224 (18.9%) women experienced depression. After adjustment for confounders, the risk of depression was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 42% lower risk (HR T5 vs. T1 = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.98, p = 0.040) only being found among women. In a group with a high n-3 PUFA intake, CDAI scores were negatively correlated with BDI scores (r = -0.146, p < 0.001) among women. Seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against depression if accompanied by an increased intake of foods that are rich in antioxidants.

Changes in Physiological Homeostasis in the Gills of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Recovery Conditions

Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is the major toxic factor that interferes with the survival and growth of shrimp in saline–alkaline water. Gills are the main entry organ for CA toxicity in shrimp. In this study, low-salinity cultured Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to 5 mmol/L CA stress for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days to explore the physiological changes in the gills under CA stress and recovery conditions at multiple biological levels. The results showed that CA stress increased the activities of antioxidative biochemical indexes (T-AOC, T-SOD, and POD) and the relative expression levels of romo1, nrf2, and gpx genes, while it decreased the relative expression levels of the sod and hsp70 genes. In addition, CA stress also increased the relative expression levels of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (bip, ire1, and xbp1), immunity (alf, crus, pen-3, lys, and propo), apoptosis (casp-3), detoxification metabolism (cyp450 and gst), and osmotic adjustment (ca, nka-α, nka-β, vatp, nhe, clc, aqp, tip4, and ccp). Although changes in some of the physiological indexes were reversed after the CA stress was relieved, they still could not effectively recover to the control level. These results reveal that CA stress has a negative impact on physiological homeostasis in the shrimp gills by inducing oxidation and ER stress and by interfering with immunity, apoptosis, detoxification, and osmotic adjustment.

Composite dietary antioxidant index and obesity among U.S. adults in NHANES 2007–2018

Antioxidant-rich diets serve as protective factors in preventing obesity. The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) represents a novel, comprehensive metric for assessing the antioxidant capacity of diets. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between the CDAI and obesity prevalence among adults in the United States. Dietary and anthropometric information about adults aged 20 years and older were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. The CDAI was derived from six dietary antioxidants. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) ≥ 30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity as a waist circumference (WC, cm) ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women. The relationship between CDAI and obesity, including abdominal obesity, was analyzed using logistic regression and subgroup analyses. A total of 25,553 participants were analyzed. With higher tertiles of the CDAI, both obesity (41.28% vs. 38.62 vs. 35.09%, P < 0.001) and abdominal obesity (63.75% vs. 59.54 vs. 52.09%, P < 0.001) prevalence notably declined. Adjusting for multiple confounders, the CDAI was found to be independently linked to obesity (OR = 0.980, 95%CI = 0.971–0.989, P < 0.001) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.972, 95%CI = 0.963–0.982, P < 0.001) risks. Subgroup analyses revealed a stronger relationship between CDAI and obesity in non-hypertensive individuals and a more significant association with abdominal obesity in women and those without hypertension. Our findings reveal a negative relationship between CDAI levels and both general and abdominal obesity. Additional extensive research is necessary to investigate CDAI’s contribution to obesity.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and erectile dysfunction in US men: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue among adult males. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) reflects anti-inflammatory levels and has been linked to various diseases, but its relationship with ED is unclear.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study utilised comprehensive data on clinical factors from the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To investigate the link between variables and ED, we used multivariate regression analysis, univariate analysis, and subgroup analysis. The linear relationship between CDAI and ED was investigated by dose-response curve analysis. For sensitivity analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) was utilised to exclude the influence of potential confounders. Finally, we investigated the association between CDAI and ED using threshold effects analysis.ResultsWe included in our research a total of 2896 persons with data on CDAI from NHANES 2001–2004. Among these, 2,098 participants were thought to be free of ED, whereas 798 participants had ED. We found that compared to the ED group, men in the non-ED group had higher levels of CDAI (p < 0.0001 before PSM and p = 0.0145 after PSM). Additionally, after adjusting for covariates, it was found that an elevated CDAI was associated with a reduced incidence of ED [OR = 0.65(p = 0.001) before PSM and OR = 0.62(p = 0.002) after PSM]. Subgroup analysis indicated stronger associations in high-risk groups, and dose-response curves confirmed a linear negative correlation between CDAI and ED.ConclusionsThis study revealed a negative linear relationship between CDAI and the incidence of ED. The CDAI can be used as an indicator for assessing ED risk and for ED prevention.