Antioxidant Capacity In Patients Research Articles

High serum levels of reactive nitrogen species and low total antioxidant capacity in patients with resistant hypertension compared to those in age- gender matched healthy controls, controlled hypertension and follow up with propranolol treatment in the extended APPROPRIATE trial

ObjectivesTo perform a comparative analysis of the extended APPROPRIATE trial of measures of reactive nitrogen species and antioxidant capacity in patients having resistant hypertension with controlled hypertension and healthy controls.ResultsMean serum NO2- and NOx levels were significantly lower and mean AOC was significantly higher in patients with controlled hypertension (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 38) compared to resistant hypertension (RHTN) patients (n = 40) at the pre-intervention stage (p < 0.001). The serum NO2-, NOx and AOC levels of both controlled hypertension and healthy controls were comparable to those of the RHTN patients following treatment with propranolol (n = 18). Considering all samples (n = 114) we noted that there were significant weak and moderate positive correlations between NO2− levels with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.396, p < 0.001 and r = 0.292, p = 0.004) as well as total NOx levels with SBP and DBP (r = 0.636 and r = 0.480 respectively, p < 0.001). Conversely, there was a significant negative correlation between AOC levels with SBP and DBP (r= -0.846 and r = -0.626 respectively, p < 0.001).

Smoking, Symptoms Improvement, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Drug-naive First-episode Schizophrenia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

It has been hypothesized that smoking is associated with the severity of negative symptoms. Until now, no studies have investigated whether the impact of smoking on negative symptoms is dependent on antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of smoking on therapeutic response and total antioxidants capacity (TAOC) in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode (ANFE) patients. The severity of the patient's symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A total of 237 ANFE patients were recruited and treated with risperidone (oral tablets, 4-6 mg/day twice a day) for 12 weeks. PANSS was assessed at baseline and a 12-week follow-up. Plasma TAOC levels were also assayed at baseline and week 12. Relative to nonsmokers with ANFE SZ, smokers had higher PANSS negative subscores. There was no significant difference in TAOC changes after 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone between smokers and non-smokers. However, we found greater improvement in negative symptoms in smokers compared to non-smokers. Further analysis in smokers with SZ demonstrated that improvements in negative symptoms were not associated with changes in TAOC. Our study suggested that smoking affected the severity of baseline negative symptoms and further contributed to their reduction after risperidone treatment. However, improvement in negative symptoms was not dependent on the changes in TAOC.

Dietary and serum antioxidant capacity is inversely associated with patients in osteoarthritis: a case-control study

This study aimed to examine dietary antioxidant and serum antioxidant capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This case-control study consisted of 47 patients with OA (case group) and 30 healthy subjects (control group). The control and case group were matched age, gender, and body mass index (p > 0.05). A food frequency questionnaire was administered to participants, and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was estimated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power method (FRAP). Participants’ serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) measurements were performed, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. DTAC of case group was found to be lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The daily consumption of red meat and butter of the individuals in the case group was higher than that of the control group, and their fish consumption, dietary vitamin A and carotene intakes were found to be lower (p < 0.05). In addition, OA patients have TAC and OSI was also found to be significantly higher than in control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). Since low dietary total antioxidant capacity and high serum total oxidant capacity, individuals with OA should pay more attention to their diet to increase serum antioxidant status.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in patients with endometrioma.

BackgroundEndometriosis has several clinical features, including dysmenorrhea, infertility, and endometrioma (EMO). Although oxidative stress status is closely related to endometriosis, it is unclear how the balance between oxidative stress capacity and antioxidant capacity correlates with treatment of or factors that worsen endometriosis. In this study, we used peritoneal fluid from patients with EMO to investigate the role of oxidative stress capacity and antioxidant capacity.Materials and MethodsParticipants with EMO (n = 30) and without EMO (uterine myoma, n = 13) were enrolled. All peritoneal fluid samples were collected at the beginning of surgery. We evaluated oxidative stress capacity and antioxidant capacity in peritoneal fluid samples by using the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests, respectively. The d-ROM and BAP values and the d-ROM/BAP ratio were measured, and their correlations with the CA125 level, revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (r-ASRM) score, and tumor size were analyzed.ResultsThe d-ROM/BAP ratio was significantly higher in patients with EMO than in those without EMO. In addition, the d-ROM/BAP ratio was positively correlated with CA125 level and r-ASRM scores in patients with EMO.ConclusionsOxidative stress is correlated with factors that worsen EMO. The d-ROM/BAP test may be useful for assessing disease status in patients with EMO.

The effect of aqueous extract of Iranian oak (Quercus brantii) on antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia patients: Randomized controlled trial

Background and AimFrequent administration of blood in β- thalassemia patients can lead to over-loaded iron, a reduction in the levels of antioxidant activities in the body, and oxidative stress. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effect of aqueous oak (Quercus brantii) extract supplementation on these patients. MethodsThis clinical trial was performed on 60 major β thalassemia patients dividing them into intervention and control groups. In addition to taking desferrioxamine (DFO), the control and intervention groups received respectively placebo capsule supplementation and aqueous Quercus extract capsules (300 mg/day) for 3 months. Serum lipid profiles (LDL-c, HDL-c, triglyceride), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Glucose, Uric acid, urea nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, LFT (Liver Function Tests) such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, ferritin, MDA and carbonyl protein (CO) levels were measured before and after the period. In addition, the activity of catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured in the red blood cell. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of aqueous Quercus were recorded to standardize capsule formulation. ResultsMean serum MDA, and protein CO, significantly decreased in the intervention group with β-TM after 3 months of treatment with Quercus extract. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Changes in serum creatinine, BUN, and alanine transferase were not significant. In the study, Quercus extract capsules contain 48/56 mg gallic acid / g (dry extract) total phenol, 58/6 mg / g (dry extract), and flavonoids of 63/8 μg/ml antioxidant power which by GC/MS analysis has been measured. At the end of the study, serum MDA decreased from 48.65 ± 8.74 to 43.94 ± 10.39 μ mol/l after administration of oak extract and protein CO dropped from 2.44 ± 0.38 to 1.2 ± 0.31 nmol DNPH/mg protein after administration of the oak extract. At the end of the study serum, TAC increased in patients interventional group from 907 ± 319 to 977 ± 327μmol FeSO4/l compared to the control group 916 ± 275 to 905.233 ± 233 μmol FeSO4/l with placebo, and SOD increased from 1577 ±325 to 2079 ±554 U/l (compared to 1687 ± 323 U/l with placebo). The treatment effect of Quercus was measured using a mixed-effects model of variance analysis for changes in MDA, protein CO, TAC, and SOD, with significant effects being demonstrated for each laboratory parameter (P=0.15, P=0.001, P=0.02, and P < 0.003, respectively). ConclusionsAqueous Quercus extract, due to its high antioxidant potential, reduced MDA, serum carbonyl protein, and increased superoxide dismutase activity effectively decreased serum OS and enhanced serum antioxidant capacity in patients with β-thalassemia major. oak given as an adjuvant therapy to standard iron chelators may provide an improvement in the OS measurements obtained in these patients. Registration informationThis study was submitted, evaluated, and approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT: http://www.irct.ir; IRCT2015101411819N4), which was established for national medical schools in Iran.

Effect of plasma exchange with albumin replacement on albumin functionality and organ dysfunction in acute-on-chronic liver failure

Effective treatments for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are a major unmet need. This proof-of-concept pilot study was aimed at evaluating the effects of plasma exchange (PE) with albumin 5% (PE-A5%) on albumin functional capacity and organ dysfunction in patients with ACLF. Ten adult patients were enrolled in a single-center phase II, prospective, open-label, non-controlled study. Six PE-A5% sessions were performed in 10 days followed by a 1-month follow-up visit. Albumin functional capacity and circulatory function were assessed, as were renal, cerebral, and liver function, and systemic inflammation. The main safety variable was the percentage of PE sessions associated with at least one procedure-related adverse event (AE). Patients with ACLF showed lower albumin binding capacity, lower antioxidant capacity, and lower levels of albumin with preserved structure compared to healthy donors (n= 19). From baseline to day 11, PE-A5% treatment increased albumin levels and improved albumin binding capacity to Sudlow site II (15.3±1.6mg/ml to 18.9±1.7mg/ml; p= 0.003), fatty acid-binding capacity (8.2±1.4μM to 3.1±1.5μM; p= 0.013) and antioxidant capacity (human mercaptalbumin 9.5±1.5mg/ml to 14.6±1.6mg/ml; p= 0.001). Native albumin levels were increased throughout day 1-11PE-A5% sessions (6.5±1.0mg/ml to 10.2±1.4mg/ml; p= 0.035). PE-A5% improved systemic hemodynamics (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index), renal function (creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen), cerebral function (hepatic encephalopathy grade), liver parameters (transaminases, bilirubin) and inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein, leukocyte count). All patients had at least one of the 78 AEs reported, mostly mild (product/procedure-related: 36%). Sixteen serious AEs were reported in eight patients (procedure/product-related: none). PE-A5% was a safe procedure associated with positive effects on albumin functionality, and circulatory, renal, cerebral, and liver function in patients with ACLF. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical condition characterized by severe systemic inflammation, organ failure, and high mortality. Plasma exchange removes patient's plasma containing pathogenic substances, replacing it with 5% albumin and fresh frozen plasma (PE-A5%). In this study, cirrhotic patients with ACLF were treated with PE-A5%, which was a safe procedure that increased binding and antioxidant capacity of patients' albumin, while improving circulatory, kidney, brain, and liver functions. These beneficial effects could impact survival in ACLF. NCT01201720. 2010-021360-15.

Impacts of Chemerin Levels and Antioxidant Capacity on the Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes.

Existing evidence supports an association between chemerin levels and cardiovascular risk, while reduced thiol levels are linked to diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that chemerin may contribute to autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), potentially mediated by the antioxidant capacity of patients with well-controlled T2DM and prediabetes. Comprehensive cardiovascular autonomic testing and biomarker assessments were conducted for all participants. The severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was evaluated using the composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS). A mediation model was employed to explore the potential relationships among chemerin levels, antioxidant capacity (indicated by thiol levels), and CAN severity (indicated by CASS values). A total of 184 participants were enrolled in this study, comprising 143 individuals with T2DM and 40 individuals with prediabetes. The findings reveal a significant negative association between thiols levels (r = -0.38, p < 0.0001) and the CASS values, while a positive association is observed between chemerin levels (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001) and the CASS values. Linear regression analysis identified chemerin and thiols as independent variables significantly associated with CASS values. Subsequent mediation analysis elucidated that thiols levels act as mediators in the relationship between elevated chemerin levels and an increased CASS value. This study shows that poor cardiovascular function, higher chemerin levels, and reduced antioxidant capacity coexist in individuals with T2DM and prediabetes. Mediation analysis suggests a pathophysiological link between high chemerin levels and low antioxidant capacity, adversely impacting CAN severity.

Meta-Analysis of Assessment of Total Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is intricately linked to oxidative stress-antioxidant (redox) imbalance. The antioxidant system scavenges the oxygen free radicals in biological fluids in patients with periodontitis. However, little is still known about the free radicals mediated oxidative stress and reductive ability of the antioxidant system. Thus, the present meta-analysis aims to quantitatively review the literature that assessed the oxidative stress marker total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in various biological fluids of patients with periodontitis. Methodology. Electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed TOS and TAC levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis. From the 1,812 articles identified, 1,754 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to irrelevance to the topic of interest. A full-text assessment of the remaining 58 articles led to the selection of 42 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 24 studies had consistent data for quantitative analysis. The periodontitis group displayed significantly elevated TOS levels (p < 0.05) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva samples in the studies evaluated. In contrast, the periodontitis group exhibited significantly attenuated TAC levels (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls in plasma, serum, and GCF samples of the studies evaluated, which was insignificant in salivary samples (p=0.433). At the same time, the periodontitis group displayed insignificantly elevated TAC levels after periodontal therapy (p=0.130). The present meta-analysis showed significantly higher TOS and lower TAC in periodontitis, reflecting the elevated oxidative stress level than the control group. Clinical Relevance. Scientific rationale for the study: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress (OS)) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of periodontitis; the assessment of the relationship between OS-related biomarkers in regional samples and systemic samples of patients with periodontitis helps us to evaluate the periodontal disease progression. The OS biomarker levels can be used to assess periodontal disease and therapeutic efficacy.

Disturbed Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Associates with Lung and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

The correct balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in an organism is disturbed in oxidative stress. To assess oxidative balance in 36 SSc patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs), we measured reactive oxidative metabolites (ROMs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (measuring 4-HNE), and DNA oxidative damage (measuring 8-OHdG) in serum. Furthermore, DNA breaks in leukocytes of 35 SSc patients and 32 HCs were evaluated using COMET. While we report high ROMs for both SSc patients and age/sex matched HC samples, there was a significant increase in TAC in SSc patients as compared to HCs, and thus also a significantly higher oxidative stress index in SSc patients. TAC was significantly higher in SSc patients with ILD and gastrointestinal involvement, as well as in patients with anti-topoisomerase antibodies. We observe no difference in serum lipid peroxidation status or oxidative DNA damage. However, SSc patients had significantly more leukocyte DNA breaks than HCs; the most damage was observed in patients treated with immunosuppressives. Thus, our study confirms presence of oxidative stress and increased DNA damage in leukocytes of SSc patients; however, it points toward increased antioxidant capacity, which needs to be further studied.

The hydroalcoholic extract of Nasturtium officinale reduces oxidative stress markers and increases total antioxidant capacity in patients with asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAsthma is a common chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airways. One of the most devastating consequences of this inflammatory process is the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for oxidative stress.Nasturtium officinale commonly known as watercress has traditionally been applied in Iranian folk medicine to treat respiratory disorders and diseases mainly bronchitis and asthma. In accordance with these ethnopharmacological reports, through our previous in vivo experiment, we have confirmed significant effect of its hydroalcoholic extract in reducing lung inflammation and oxidative stress in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic rat model.Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of N. officinale hydroalcoholic extract (NOE) in patients with asthma, in order to confirm our findings of the previous performed in vivo study. Material and methodsThe NOE capsules (500 mg) were treated twice daily for 4 weeks as a supplementary treatment in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial in asthmatics. The primary outcome was Asthma Control Test score. The blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study. Then, the level of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. ResultsTreatment with NOE for one month caused a reduction in the levels of MDA, PCO and NO metabolite markers compared to the placebo group. In addition, FRAP levels as an indicator of total antioxidant capacity in the intervention group was significantly increased at the end of the treatment period compared to pre-treatment values. ConclusionFindings demonstrated that NOE may have a therapeutic effect on asthma by improving oxidative stress. However, more studies are required to support these results. Moreover, bio-assay guided fractionation and isolation approach can be conducted to identify major bioactive compound/s.

Effect of non surgical periodontal therapy and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity in patients with chronic generalised periodontitis - A randomised controlled trial.

Periodontal inflammation are inflammation of supporting tissues of periodontium. The microbial factor can cause infection which is polymicrobial in origin and causes dysbiosis and shift in oxidative stress with compromised antioxidant capacity. This study focused at determination of the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in chronic periodontitis patients (ChP). A total of 70 ChPand 35 periodontally healthy subjects (control) were recruited in this study. Further, ChP group was subdivided into ChP1 group (n=35) which received NSPT only and ChP 2 group (n=35) which received NSPT with vitamin C 500mg once daily for 3 months. Serum and saliva samples were taken at baseline and at 3 months postNSPT for measurement of TAOC. Clinical parameters measured were measured at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month interval. Lower levels of serum and salivary TAOC levels were observed in ChP patients than healthy subjects (p<0.05). Improvement in Clinical parameters was observed in both the groups ChP1 and ChP 2 group post therapy (p<0.05). The periodontal treatment showed insignificant changes in serum and salivary TAOC levels (p>0.05). The supplemental dose of vitamin C didn't have any additional benefits (p>0.05). There lies an association of oxidative stress with periodontitis, low serum and salivary TAOC levels were seen in chronic periodontitis patients. NSPT improved the periodontal inflammatory status. However, benefits of vitamin C as an adjunct to NSPT remains inconclusive and needs to be further explored by multicentre longitudinal studies.

Myeloperoxidase G-463A and CYBA C242T genetic variants in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We investigated the relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit (CYBA) C242T (rs4673) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A (rs2333227) genetic variants and GDM in 719 patients with GDM and 1205 control women. Clinical, metabolic, and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. We found that frequencies of the A allele (15.6% vs 12.3%) and GA + AA genotype (28.5% vs 23.2%) of the MPO G-463A variation were significantly higher in patients with GDM than in the control women (OR = 1.318, 95% CI: 1.068-1.625, P = 0.010 for the dominant model; OR = 1.999, 95% CI: 1.040-3.843, P = 0.034 for the recessive model; OR = 1.320, 95% CI: 1.095-1.591, P = 0.004 for the allele model). Genotype GA + AA remained a significant predictor of GDM in a logistic regression model including age and BMI at delivery (OR = 1.282, 95% CI: 1.037‒1.583, P = 0.021). Furthermore, the ‒463A allele was associated with higher TG and the 242T allele was related to higher pre-pregnancy BMI and oxidative stress index in all subjects (P < 0.05). The 242T allele was also associated with higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance but lower serum total antioxidant capacity in patients with GDM (P < 0.05). We conclude that the MPO G-463A, but not the CYBA C242T, genetic variation is associated with an increased risk of GDM in Chinese women. These two genetic polymorphisms may be linked to obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress.

Evaluation of Serum Protein Carbonyl Levels and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Basal Cell Carcinoma

The Article Abstract is not available.

Determination of total antioxidant capacity in patients with bladder cancer and its correlation with the results of pathology

Introduction: The accumulative consequence of all antioxidants that exist in the blood and body fluids is called total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The major objective of this investigation is to determine the correlation between TAOC and pathology results in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: Based on the cross-sectional method, 35 patients with NMIBC and 35 controls (healthy characters) were studied. Biochemical and haematological variables were achieved and noted for each individual. Two blood samples (n = 5 ml) from each patient were obtained and analysed using Trolox standard immunoassay kit. Three groups were made according to the pathology results. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were not any significant differences (P = 0.12) between the mean age of patients and controls (60.7 vs. 59.5 years old) correspondingly. The mean value of TAOC (μmol/L) was significantly (P = 0.005) lower in patients when compared to controls (24.5 μmol/L vs. 94 μmol/L), respectively. In patients with NMIBC, sodium, magnesium, calcium, albumin, MCH, MCHC, VHCO3, haemoglobin, haematocrit and lymph were lower than the normal range. Blood sugar, creatinine, prothrombin time and white blood cells were higher than the normal range. The mean TAOC was as follows: papillary cell carcinoma (26.3 μmol/L), radical cystectomy (19 μmol/L) and high-grade bladder cancer (15.9 μmol/L). Conclusion: As deregulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence is two important components, in this study, there was high variation in TAOC according to pathology results. Combing individual TAOC and pathology results might be able to contribute to the advanced management of NMIBC. Further studies in this direction seem to be advantageous.

Association between Expanded Disability Status Scale score and dietary antioxidant capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammation that results in neurodegeneration, is the most prevalent central nervous system inflammatory disease in young people. A diet rich in antioxidants is known to decrease the production/activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and have a positive impact on the prognosis of MS. The purpose of this study was to assess if dietary antioxidant capacity is related to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in patients with MS. Patients with MS (n=220; 137 women and 83 men) were asked to complete a questionnaire on diet. According to the EDSS score, patients were split into two groups (group 1: EDSS ≤5 and group 2: EDSS >5). Analyzed risk variables were antioxidant levels and demographic data. A nutritional database tool (BeBiS 4 software, Germany) created for the evaluation of Turkish foods was used to examine the questionnaire findings. Age, vitamin A, retinol, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin C were significantly different between groups (P<0.05). The levels of vitamins A, D, E, C, and retinol were significantly correlated, according to Pearson's correlation analysis. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C levels were discriminating variables in group 2 patients (EDSS >5). The current study has shown that antioxidant levels obtained by EDSS may be useful in determining illness severity and treatment success of patients with MS. Further clinical trials have been initiated in MS patients with more effective antioxidants.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in patients with alopecia areata: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Background Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of this condition. Aim To evaluate the serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant capacity in patients with alopecia areata. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 patients with alopecia areata and 40 healthy controls. The fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and serum oxidative markers, including advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products, were measured in this study. Also, antioxidant enzymes, including paraoxonase-1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and serum ferric-reducing antioxidant power, were determined. Results The serum levels of advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products were significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls (P < 0.001), whereas the levels of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, paraoxonase-1 and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly lower in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls (P < 0.001). The mean fasting blood sugar level was significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata, compared to the controls. The ferric reducing antioxidant power level was significantly associated with the percentage of hair loss (P = 0.01, r = 0.4) and the serum C-reactive protein level (P = 0.03, r = -0.3) in patients with alopecia areata. Limitations Since the current study had a cross-sectional design, no cause-effect relationship was established between alopecia areata and oxidative stress. The sample size of our study was also small. Conclusion Based on the present results, the oxidant-antioxidant enzymatic system is impaired in alopecia areata due to the increased oxidative products and decreased antioxidant activity.

Investigation of coenzyme Q10 status, serum amyloid-β, and tau protein in patients with dementia.

ObjectivesDementia is an oxidative stress-related disease. Coenzyme Q10 is a nutrient that occurs naturally in the human body and acts as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of coenzyme Q10 status, biomarkers for dementia (amyloid β and tau protein), and antioxidant capacity in patients with dementia.MethodsEighty dementia patients aged ≥60 years and with a mini mental state examination (MMSE) score ≤ 26 were enrolled. The levels of coenzyme Q10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), amyloid β, and tau protein were measured.ResultsA total of 73% of patients had a low coenzyme Q10 status. Patients with low coenzyme Q10 status had a significantly higher level of serum amyloid β-42 and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p < 0.05). Coenzyme Q10 status was significantly correlated with the values of TAC, MMSE score, amyloid β-42, and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p < 0.05) but not with tau protein. Additionally, a high proportion of moderate dementia patients were found to have low coenzyme Q10 status (p = 0.07).ConclusionPatients with dementia suffered from coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and the degree of deficiency was related to the level of amyloid-β and antioxidant capacity. Since adequate level of coenzyme Q10 may delay the progression of dementia, monitoring coenzyme Q10 status in patients with dementia is necessary.

The effects of hot air-dried white button mushroom powder on glycemic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers and total antioxidant capacity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

Background:The inflammatory and metabolic responses to mushroom in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hot Air-dried White Button Mushroom (HAD-WBM) powder on glycemic status, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in T2DM patients.Materials and Methods:This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible patients were adults aged 20–50 with Type 2 diabetes. Patients were assigned to each group using a randomized block design with block randomization (n = 22, in each group). Randomization was performed by an assistant and group allocation was blinded for the investigator and participants. The intervention and control groups received 16 g/day HAD-WBM or cornstarch powder for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of interest were fructosamine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and secondary outcomes were triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, very-LDL, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and TAC.Results:After 8 weeks, a significant decrease was observed in fructosamine (−0.228 ± 0.36 vs. 0.03 ± 0.38; P = 0.02) and LDL (−13.05 ± 20.67 vs. 0.81 ± 21.79; P = 0.04) in the HAD-WBM group compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in fasting insulin and FBS between the two groups. However, a significant within-group reduction (−28.00 ± 42.46; P = 0.006) was observed for FBS in the HAD-WBM group. In the HAD-WBM group, insulin resistance reduced significantly at the end of the study (From 4.92 to 3.81; P = 0.016), but it was not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in TAC, hs-CRP, and IL-6 between the two groups.Conclusion:Considering the results of this study about the beneficial effects of HAD-WBM on the improvement of glycemic indices and LDL in T2DM patients, it is recommended that HAD-WBM could be used to control T2DM.

Determination of serum procalcitonin and total antioxidant capacity in patients of sepsis before and after treatment, in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Sepsis is a medical emergency, occurring due to the body's systemic immunological response to an infection. It is among the most common reasons for intensive care unit admissions worldwide and is one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Procalcitonin (PCT) is the marker of sepsis, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a marker of oxidative stress and gives a mirror image about patient's antioxidant status. The purpose of the study was to estimate serum PCT and TAC levels in sepsis patients, before and after treatment, and to find the correlation between them. Materials and Methods: In this observational follow-up study, 60 sepsis patients were recruited using purposive sampling method, and samples were taken before and after treatment. Separated serum was used to measure PCT and TAC. PCT was measured by a rapid quantitative test using a sandwich immunodetection method based on fluorescence immunoassay technology, on a Finecare FIA system. Values over 0.5 ng/ml were considered significant. TAC was measured using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power method based on reduction of a colorless Fe3+-TPTZ on interaction with a potential antioxidant, into an intense blue Fe2+-TPTZ complex. Results: The mean PCT in subjects before treatment was as high as 40.62 ± 12.02 ng/ml, and the difference between before and after treatment values was highly significant (P = 0.000). For TAC also, before treatment value was higher (485.64 ± 106.53 μm/l) than the after treatment (277.79 ± 74.17 μm/l) value with a significantly high difference (P = 0.000). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between PCT and TAC (r = 0.754, P = 0.000) was observed. Conclusion: It was concluded that in sepsis, there is a concomitant existence of inflammation and oxidative stress. Since TAC values correlate with values of PCT, TAC could be a reliable prognostic marker and may be helpful in evaluating interventions on follow-up of patients.

Smoking, Symptoms Improvement and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Drug-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Large-Scale Cohort Study

Smoking, Symptoms Improvement and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Drug-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Large-Scale Cohort Study