Screening Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Quantitative, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity Screening of Various Phytoconstituents in Bombax ceiba Floral Extracts

The present study aims at investigations of quantitative, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Bombax ceiba floral extracts. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed by following standard protocols. Total phenol and flavonoid content were evaluated by colorimetric method, using Folin- Ciocalteau Reagent and Aluminium Chloride, respectively. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc- diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas spp. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay. All the extracts of B. ceiba displayed presence of majority of phytochemicals. TPC and TFC was maximum in methanol (182.14- 439.23µg of GAE/mg) and ethyl acetate (285.25- 820.24µg of QE/mg) extract respectively. Maximum antibacterial activity was displayed by chloroform and ethyl acetate extract against S. aureus and Aeromonas spp., respectively. Antioxidant activity was maximum in aqueous extract and minimum in petroleum ether extract. The results suggests that B. ceiba is a rich source of phytochemicals. It has significant amount of phenols and flavonoids. It exhibits good antibacterial and antioxidant potential. Further studies can be carried out to find the components responsible for its various pharmacological activities. The extract of such beneficial plant can be a good source for the development of new drugs.

In vitro Screening of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Plant Extract Adenanthera pavonina

Adenanthera pavonina (AP) is a medicinal herb used in traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. It is considered a rich source of bioactive compounds as they are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites with great anticancer and antioxidant properties. In the present study, the bark of the plant was used and water extract was prepared in order to screen Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Ferric ion reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of protein oxidation and inhibition deoxyribose oxidation. Anti-inflammatory activity was screened in vitro using Human Red Blood cell Membrane stability assay (HRBM) and inhibition of protein denaturation assay. All methods were carried out according to the standard protocol. The TPC and TFC were 80.3±0.1 mg GA/g (Gallic Acid/g) and 46.1±0.1 mg EGCG/g (epigallocatechin gallate /g) respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and deoxyribose oxidation were IC50, 15.8±0.5 (Gallic acid, 4.5±0.3 μg/ml), 46.1±0.5 μg/ml (Ascorbic acid , 58.4±2.2 μg/ml), 72.6±3.1 μg/ml (Ascorbic acid, 51.2±0.1 μg/ml) and 7.4±0.7 μg/ml (Ascorbic acid, 8.7±0.6 μg/ml) respectively. Reducing power of the AO extract increased with the concentration. HRBM and inhibition of BSA denaturation of AO extract were IC50 that 49.7±1.4 μg/ml (Diclofenac sodium, 47.8±2.1 μg/ml) and 29.1±1.5 (Diclofenac sodium 23.8±3.6 μg/ml) respectively. The results of the study suggest that the bioactive molecules present in the AP water extract can be used as a prototype for the development of new drugs or as a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical raw material.
 Keywords: Adenanthera pavonina, Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, Inhibition of protein oxidation, Inhibition deoxyribose oxidation.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Magnolia officinalis leaves based on wavelength fusion fingerprint, content determination, and antioxidant activity analysis

Abstract A valid, novel, and comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the quality of Magnolia officinalis leaves (MOLs) from different origins has been established based on multiwavelength fusion fingerprint, quantitative analysis, and antioxidant activity screening. The four wavelength fingerprints for MOL samples at 258, 266, 290, and 327 nm were collected by high performance liquid chromatography, and then data fusion was conducted. In addition, the content of multiple components was determined by high performance liquid chromatography at four wavelengths. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-pyridyl hydrazine scavenging assay was applied to study in vitro antioxidant activity. The effective distinction of 18 batches of MOLs was realized based on hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis combined with multiwavelength fusion fingerprint. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model exhibited huge advantages in distinguishing among different samples and screening three quality markers of the tested samples, including rutin, isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid. This established method of multitechnology fusion is simple, reliable, and efficient for the qualitative and quantitative bioactivity evaluation of MOLs. This study aims to investigate the development of new medicinal parts of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), so as to enhance the efficiency of utilizing TCM resources and promote the high-quality development of the TCM industry.

Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Four Euphorbia Species from Jordan

Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Four Euphorbia Species from Jordan

High-throughput synchronous erythrocyte cellular antioxidant activity and protection screening of phenolic-rich extracts: Protocol validation and applications

Oxidative/nitrosative damage takes part in chronic disease development, which generates an urgent need for intervention and better therapies to manage them. The scientific community has demanded easy-to-run, cheap, and reliable methods for cellular antioxidant activity assays. This work standardised and validated an erythrocyte cellular antioxidant activity and membrane protection/injury (HERYCA-P) protocol to study food-derive extracts. The method measures intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipoperoxidation, and haemolysis induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Quercetin decreased ROS generation by 50.4% and haemolysis by 2.2%, while ascorbic acid inhibited lipid peroxidation by 40.1%. Total phenolic contents of teas were correlated with decreased ROS generation (r = −0.924), lipoperoxidation (r = −0.951), and haemolysis (r = −0.869). The erythrocyte ROS generation and lipoperoxidation were also associated with CUPRAC (r = −0.925; r = −0.951) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (r = −0.936; r = −0.949). The precision rates of antioxidant standards and tea samples were below 15%. HERYCA-P is feasible as a complementary antioxidant assay for food matrices.

Phytochemical Screening of Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Kalangkala Plant (Litsea Angulata): A Review Article

Litsea angulata, more commonly known as Kalangkala, is a type of plant that belongs to the Lauraceae family. Empirically, the plant has been used traditionally by local people for the treatment of boils, diarrhea, stomachache, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, diabetes, insect bites, and anti-irritation. This review article aims to find out the results of phytochemical screening of metabolites from parts of Kalangkala plant with various solvents as well as the results of the tests of antioxidant and antibacterial activities that several researchers have carried out. The method used was a literature search on Google Scholar and Pubmed with the keywords kalangkala, Litsea angulata, phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and antibacterial. The results of this review showed that various solvents, such as water, ethanol, methanol, N-hexane, and ethyl acetate in seed, fruit flesh, bark, stem, and leave parts of Kalangakala plant produces different amounts of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins extracted well using etanol as a solvent due to their polarity. The results of the antioxidant activity showed that the part of kalangakala plant such as the bark of the tree, has a very good antioxidant activity of 2.41 ppm when tested using ethyl acetate solvent. Furthermore, the results of the antibacterial activity test show an inhibition of 50 mm on S. mutans bacteria when tested using ethanol solvent. In conclusion, kalangkala plant has secondary metabolites which act as antioxidants and antimicrobials that also potential to developed as traditional medicine.

Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Antioxidant Activity from The Botanical Extract of The Plant Martynia Annua

Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Antioxidant Activity from The Botanical Extract of The Plant Martynia Annua

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Screening of Mushrooms Growing in the Leningrad Region

Introduction. The emergence of new strains of microorganisms that are multidrug resistant (MDR) in relation to the antimicrobial drugs used is one of the pressing problems of modern medicine. To prevent an increase in MDR-related deaths, the search for new antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice must be continuously ongoing. Infectious diseases are also accompanied by cell damage and the development of free radical oxidation processes, therefore the search for new antioxidants is also an important task. Considering the powerful biosynthetic potential of basidiomycetes, this group of fungi has every prospect of becoming a new source of biologically active substances in general, as well as antibiotics and antioxidants in particular. Cap mushrooms, represented mainly by basidiomycetes, number about 14,000 species and are an accessible source of raw materials for the search for promising antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants.Aim. Study of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of total extracts obtained from cap mushrooms against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and assessment of the suitability of cap mushrooms as a natural source of substances with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.Materials and methods. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by the micromethod of two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium in 96-well plates in duplicate. The study of this type of biological activity was carried out against reference (type) strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans NCTC 885-653. To study antioxidant activity using DPPH, we used alcoholic extracts from the fruiting bodies of mushrooms obtained by maceration with 96 % ethanol at a ratio of raw materials to extractant of 1 to 8 for 24 hours, an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and an ethanol solution of Trolox.Result and discussion. In relation to S. aureus, a representative of gram-positive flora, the studied extracts of cap mushrooms showed low activity, on average about 2500 or 5000 μg/ml. In relation to E. coli, a representative of gram-negative flora, 8 % of the studied cap mushroom extracts showed an average activity of about 1250 μg/ml. The largest number of cap mushroom extracts – 19% of all studied species – showed activity against the yeast micromycete C. albicans. The highest activity against C. albicans was observed in extracts of the mushrooms Cantharellula umbonata with an MIC of 625 μg/ml, Cortinarius olivaceofuscus with an MIC of 625 μg/ml, and Hypomyces chrysospermus with an MIC of 312 μg/ml. During screening of antioxidant activity, the studied extracts were divided into three groups: with high (more than 50 % PPR), medium (from 15 to 50 % PPR) and low (less than 15 %) antioxidant activity. It was shown that the sum of phenolic compounds significantly correlates with the level of antioxidant activity in all three groups, but in the groups with medium and low antioxidant activity there are also other non-phenolic groups of compounds that make a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity.Conclusion. Cap mushrooms are a promising source of biologically active substances with antifungal and antioxidant activity.

Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for measuring the potency of ginger extract against cyclophosphamide toxicity in rat renal tissues: molecular and histopathological study.

This study aims to explore underlying molecular variations in the expression of miRNAs in kidney tissues of ginger-treated and non-treated cyclophosphamide (CP)-intoxicated rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 each: Group I (control: received normal food and water), Group II (received ginger at a dose of 300 mg/kg), Group III (received CP 75 mg/kg, i.p.), and Group IV (received the same dose of CP and ginger extract). Rats received a single injection of 75 mg/kg CP on days 3, 4, 5, 19, 20, and 21. In CP-intoxicated rats, the treatment with ginger extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg was received by oral gavage starting seven days before CP and continuing throughout the duration of the experiment for four weeks. Molecular variations in the expression of miRNAs, apoptotic genes, histological kidney damage, and abnormal kidney function in control, ginger, and CP-intoxicated rats were identified by using real-time RT-PCR Analysis, immunohistochemical, and colorimetric assays. In addition, HPLC analysis and liquid chromatography spectrophotometry analysis using Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and Β-Carotene-linoleic acid reagents were applied respectively for in-vitro screening of phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity for ginger extract. The kidney tissues of CP-intoxicated rats displayed an increase in lipid peroxidation marker malonaldehyde (MDA), DNA damage, and fibrosis markers like hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyproline Hypx) with a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, molecular expressions of mRNA fibrotic genes such as collagen, type 1, alpha 1 (COL1A1), and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Molecular expressions of levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) mRNA gene were down-regulated, and the expression of mRNA apoptotic; BCL2 associated X gene (Bax), caspase-3, Bax/BCl-2 ratio genes were significantly up-regulated respectively. Moreover, cellular oxidative genes, erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were down-regulated, respectively. The miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-21-5p significantly increased while the miR-193b-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-342-3p significantly decreased. Ginger also increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and BCl-2 genes in the kidneys of rats induced with CP. In addition, active phytoconstituents, particularly 6]]-shogaol and 6]]-gingerol, were significantly identified in ginger extract using HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity of these active metabolites were shown to be higher against in vitro free radicals (DPPH and Β-Carotene-linoleic acid), suggesting the potential antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of ginger against CP-toxicity. Treatment with ginger in rats induced with CP resulted in significant improvement in the expression of certain molecular miRNAs. The kidney tissues of these rats showed a marked decrease in the expression of miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-21-5p, while the levels of miR-193b-3p, miR-455-3p, and miR-342-3p were observed to increase significantly. In conclusion, ginger can protect rats from CP-induced nephrotoxicity.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Some Benzoquinoline-Based Heterocycles Derived from 2-((3-Chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide

A new series of benzoquinoline-based heterocycles was synthesized utilizing the building block synthon, 2-((3-chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide via the condensation of 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with thiosemicarbazide. The titled thiosemicarbazone scaffold was conducted with some carbon-centered electrophilic reagents such as acetic anhydride, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid, 2-bromo-1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one, 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide, and dimethyl but-2-ynedioate to achieve triazolethione, imidazolone, thiazolidinone, and thiazole derivatives. In turn, the hydrazinolysis of this substrate did not proceed as expected but it afforded the azine derivative. The antioxidant activity screening of the produced compounds revealed that thiazole and triazolethione derivatives were the most potent.

Bioprospecting of Adhatoda vasica for Identification of Novel Compounds using Chromatographic Methods and Screening for Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Activity

This investigation column eluted fractions of leaf Adhatoda vasica of was assessed for its phytochemical screening, column chromatography, thin layer chromatographic studies, protease activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity and antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening reflects the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, emodin’s, Quinone’s. Column chromatography method was used for purification of bioactive compounds. Thin layer chromatographic study was carried out by using various solvent system of different type of polarity of n- butanol, acetic acid and acetone. TLC profiling shows pure band at 254nm and 366 nm. The strong “proteolytic activity” also pointed out in purified fraction of eluted fraction. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation fraction 3, showing highest activity 75% followed by fraction 5 (62.73%), membrane stabilization assay fraction 6 (80.23%) followed by fraction 3 (64.65%) and proteinase inhibitory activity of fraction 5(88%) followed by fraction 7 (87.68%) at concentration 500 µg/ml. Aspirin (90.87%) was used as standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro antidiabetic activity was performed using Alfa amylase inhibition assay. Highest activity was showed in fraction 4 (79.05 %) and fraction 5 (77.05 %) at concentration 500 µg/ml. Antioxidant activity was performed by reducing power assay fraction number 2 has higher absorbance 1.04 at 500µg/ml followed by reducing power of column eluted fraction was compared with ascorbic acid as standard showing higher absorbance 0.93 at 500µg/ml.

Screening of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract from Marine algae, Hypnea indica

Screening of Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract from Marine algae, Hypnea indica

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and membrane-stabilizing activities of different fractional extracts of Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi

BackgroundGrewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigrahi, a medicinal herb native to the steep forested region of Bangladesh, is utilized as a treatment for a variety of diseases or conditions, including dysmenorrhea, paratyphoid, bone fractures, jaundice, kidney stones, dyspepsia, heat stroke, cold, fever, diarrhea, hepatitis B, ingestion, and anthelmintic medication. This research aims to investigate the phyto-pharmacological qualities of this herb. MethodsThe herb was extracted using absolute ethanol followed by fractionation with n-hexane and chloroform. Following an initial investigation of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and membrane stabilization activities were assessed using the DPPH, egg albumin model, disc diffusion method, and erythrocyte hemolysis model, respectively. ResultsA preliminary phytochemical report suggests that G. nervosa contains reducing sugars, gums, amides, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. In a concentration-dependent approach, its fractional extracts displayed promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and membrane-stabilizing activity. It was seen that all fractions had a statistically significant capacity to prevent RBCs from hemolyzing, which suggests a potent membrane stabilizing function in-vitro. ConclusionTaken together, G. nervosa possesses important secondary metabolites and exhibits in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and membrane stabilizing capacities. This endorses the conventional usage of G. nervosa, although additional study is needed on this potentially beneficial plant.

Screening of Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities in Pomegranate, Quince, and Persimmon Leaf, Peel, and Seed: Valorization of Autumn Fruits By-Products for a One Health Perspective.

Antimicrobial resistance is increasing globally and is now one of the major public health problems. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antimicrobial agents. The food industry generates large amounts of by-products that are rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, which are known to have several health benefits, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Thus, we aimed to characterize the phenolic compounds present in pomegranate, quince, and persimmon by-products, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Phenolic compounds were extracted from pomegranate, quince, and persimmon leaves, seeds, and peels using a mixture of ethanol/water (80/20). The polyphenol profile of the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In general, leaves showed higher concentrations of phenolics than the peel and seeds of fruits. In total, 23 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, with sanguiin and apigenin-3-O-galactoside being present in the highest concentrations. Leaf extracts of pomegranate showed higher antioxidant activities than the other components in all methods used. In general, all extracts had a greater antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Persimmon leaf and seed extracts inhibited a greater number of bacteria, both Gram-positive and -negative. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) detected among Gram-positive and -negative bacteria was 10 mg/mL for pomegranate peel and leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius and for pomegranate leaf extract against Escherichia coli. Our results reinforce the need to value food industry by-products that could be used as food preservatives and antibiotic adjuvants against multiresistant bacteria.

Screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of marine fungi isolated from the North Sea of Vietnam

Marine fungi are recognized as a rich source of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites, different from terrestrial fungi. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of 61 marine fungal strains isolated from 34 samples collected in the research journey of the Akademik Oparin vessel in the North Sea of Vietnam in 2021. Of these, 23 were from sponges, 21 from seaweeds, 15 from sediments, and only 2 from seawater. The antimicrobial screening results showed that 75.4% (n = 46) of fungal strains exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one test microorganism. The antioxidative properties results indicated the capacity for free DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging of crude extracts with 32.7% (n = 20) and 93.4% (n = 57), respectively. Six isolates with potent antibiotic and antioxidant activities were identified as belonging to the phylum Ascomycota and affiliated with five genera. Our findings indicated that these marine fungi could be impressive sources of multi-functional bioactive compounds and may find applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Assessment of antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening in leaf extract of Andrographis paniculate (Burm. f.) nees

Fresh Andrographis paniculata leaves were collected from a local herbal garden, Dehradun and leaves extract was prepared in methanol and ethanol solvent. The free radical scavenging activity of A. paniculata extract against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical was determined with UV-vis spectrophotometer. The IC50 value of methanolic and ethanolic extract of the plant in DPPH was 394.81 and 401.46 μg/mL, while in vitamin C was 285.69 μg/mL. However, the IC50 value of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical for methanolic extract was higher, 399.52 μg/mL than for ethanolic extract, 412.95 μg/mL. In conclusion, methanolic plant extracts were most potent against 50% inhibition and IC50 value and showed a good correlation with total phenolics content. Phyto-chemical analysis of the plant shows the presence of alkaloids, phenols, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. A. paniculata has strong antioxidant potential and contains a range of phytochemicals. Therefore, its effectiveness as a medical plant is due to the presence of various phenolics and antioxidant compounds in the plant.

Synthesis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity of some pyrazole-based heterocycles using a 2(3H)-furanone derivative

Some pyrazole-based heterocycles such as pyrrolone, pyridazinone, and imidazole derivatives were synthesized utilizing the pyrazolyl-2(3H)-furanone derivative 3, which was obtained in a good yield via Perkin condensation of 5-chloro-4-formyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole with 3-(4-methylbenzoyl)propionic acid in the presence of cyclo-dehydrating agent (sodium acetate and acetic anhydride). Also, the acid hydrazide obtained was reacted with some carbonyl reagents such as acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 1,3-diphenyl-4-formylpyrazole, aiming to achieve new pyrrolone derivatives. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity screening of some synthesized compounds demonstrated that some of them offered strong potencies. An experimental trial was undertaken to explore the effect of different substances and applied against avian influenza HPAI-H5N1 (AIV) to evaluate the antiviral replication in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and most of tested compounds showed potent inhibition growth activity toward Haemophilus (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), and Candida albicans fungus. Upon antimicrobial screening, it was observed that the majority of the compounds were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus, and Candida albicans as compared to standard drugs. This experiment shows the potential usage of these compounds as antiviral agents and can be considered as a viable means to control the economically important avian influenza of poultry. These compounds can thus be recommended for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal property and can very well be used as immunostimulants.

Screening of antioxidant activities and their bioavailability of tropical plants

Indonesia has many types of plants that have the potential to be used as natural antioxidants. This study aims to characterize natural sources of antioxidants from five plants species: jackfruit leaves, turmeric, black tea, soursop peels, and aloe vera. The method used involved an analysis of phytochemicals in the form of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. As well as analysis of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan’s test. Based on these data, the highest yields were found in jackfruit leaves, turmeric, black tea, and aloe vera (P<0.05), while the lowest yields were found in soursop peels. Based on phytochemical data, the highest total phenol was found in jackfruit leaves and soursop skin (P<0.05). While the highest flavonoid content was found in black tea and aloe vera (P<0.05), and the highest tannin content was found in black tea and soursop skin. Based on the method of measuring antioxidant activity, it was found that jackfruit leaves and black tea had the highest antioxidant activity.

Ethnopharmacological survey, phytochemical screening and study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Melissa officinalis L. from northwestern Tunisia

Currently, herbal medicine has proven its effectiveness and undeniable benefits in our daily lives, confirming that plants can prevent and treat. In this context, we are interested in carrying out an ethno-pharmacological survey on the traditional use of Melissa officinalis in the Tabarka region as well as phytochemical screening and the study of antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The survey conducted in the Tabarka region revealed that lemon balm was used in traditional medicine to treat a whole range of pathologies. Indeed, we have shown that Melissa officinalis is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases and particularly those of the digestive system pathologies and nervous disorders. The survey also revealed three methods of preparation: decoction, infusion and maceration. The method of administration is highly dependent on the pathology to be treated. In the present work, the phytochemical screening showed that Melissa officinalis leaves aqueous extract (MOAE) presents an important scavenging action against the DPPH radical. Importantly, MOAE presented a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and Gram +ve were more sensitive than Gram-ve bacteria. Thus, the bioactive components of lemon balm can be used as antioxidant and antibacterial substances.

Phytochemical Profiling, and Antioxidant Potentials of South African and Nigerian Loranthus micranthus Linn.: The African Mistletoe Exposé.

Loranthus micranthus Linn. (Loranthaceae) is a botanically significant hemiparasite that grows on tree branches or trunks and is used in traditional medicine. This study compares the antioxidant activity and qualitative phytochemical screening of Nigerian and South Africa Loranthus micranthus Linn. Standard techniques for phytochemical screening were deployed while thin layer chromatography (TLC) bio-autography was utilized to analyze antioxidants qualitatively. Quantitative antioxidant analysis was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free-radical scavenging; and ferric chloride reducing power. The results of qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids; glycosides; saponins; phenolic compounds; phlobatannins; tannins; and terpenoids. As for the antioxidant potentials of the four extracts-i.e., Nigerian dichloromethane (NGDCM); South African dichloromethane (SADCM); Nigerian methanol (NGMeOH); and South African methanol (SAMeOH)-the SADCM extract had more creamy bands compared to the Nigerian, thus indicating potentially more antioxidant compounds. A better complementary antioxidant potential was observed for the Nigerian methanol extracts over their South African counterparts. The DPPH quantitative analyses underpin that the SADCM exhibited greater scavenging activity compared to the NGDCM, but this was less than the gallic acid control, with the highest activity at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL, respectively. However, as the concentration increased from 0.6 to 1.0 mg/mL, the SADCM again dominated in its antioxidant potential over all the analytes. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values obtained were [SADCM = 0.31 mg/mL, NGDCM = 0.51 mg/mL, SAMeOH = 0.51 mg/mL, NGMeO = 0.17, gallic acid = 1.17 mg/mL, and BHT = 1.47 Mg/mL)]. Both the H2O2 scavenging and the Fe3+ to Fe2+ reduction assays mirrored a similar trend in the antioxidant potentials of all the analytes except for the BHT, which performed better in the ferric chloride reduction assay at a concentration of 0.2-06 mg/mL. Based on the facts gathered, it can be inferred that the South African and Nigerian Loranthus micranthus Linn. are chemically equivalent. This is in support of their similar morphology and taxonomical classification, notwithstanding the environmental, biological, and edaphic impacts experienced by each plant.