Serum Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF NANOSIZED BARIUM TITANATE IN CUBIC SYNGONY ON HEMOCOMPATIBILITY AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

The development of the field of application of ceramic nanomaterials for medicine has recently been of significant interest. These include nanodispersed barium titanate powders, which exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal activity. They are considered as carriers of drugs, as well as biocompatible components of bone tissue. The search for new opportunities to realize the potential of nanodispersed barium titanate in biomedicine is an urgent task. The paper presents a method for the synthesis of nanosized barium titanate powder obtained by heat treatment at 800 °C in an air environment of sol-gel synthesis products. The resulting nanomaterial has a crystalline structure with cubic structure. According to electron microscopy, the powder particles are characterized by a polydisperse composition and are partially agglomerated. The results of energy dispersive analysis of the samples are presented. The particle size in the dispersion ranges from 50 nm to 250 nm, and the Scherrer crystallite size is 3.85 nm. The degree of hemolysis was assessed in vitro using fresh donor blood in the presence and absence of barium titanate nanoparticles. The hemolytic effect of barium titanate (>5%) manifests itself at a high concentration of powder (450 µl/ml) in the blood, which indicates the biocompatibility of nano-sized BaTiO3 up to the specified concentration. The effect of BaTiO3 concentration on free radical oxidation of lipids and antioxidant activity in blood serum was analyzed using the method of induced chemiluminescence. It has been established that at a concentration of 200 µl/ml BaTiO3 exhibits antioxidant activity, and at 400 µl/ml it has the ability to activate free radical oxidation of blood serum lipids. For citation: Ivanov K.V., Filimonova Yu. A., Agafonov A.V., Nazarov S.B. Study of the effect of nanosized barium titanate in cubic syngony on hemocompatibility and antioxidant properties. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 12. P. 6-14. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246712.7077.

Pyometra alters uterine aquaporins related with lipopolysaccharide concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities in bitches

Pyometra is a common life-threatening inflammatory disease with a complex etiopathogenesis that develops during the diestrus stage and can be observed in elderly intact bitches. The present study evaluated five aquaporin (AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP5, and AQP9) transcript abundances and immunolocalization in the uterine tissue, and investigated their relationship with uterine tissue and blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production in dogs suffering from pyometra. The study sampled 36 client-owned intact bitches from different breeds, of which 24 cases were diagnosed with pyometra. Twelve of these bitches in the diestrus stage that presented for elective ovariohysterectomy were used as the control group. Blood samples were collected into tubes without anticoagulant for serum progesterone, LPS concentration, and antioxidant activities at the time of diagnosis. Bacteriological and tissue samples from the uteri were collected after the ovariohysterectomy. The tissue samples were used to determine antioxidant activity, and hormone and toxin concentrations. Transcript abundance of uterine AQPs were determined by qPCR, and their presence and localization were determined by by immunohistochemistry. For all pyometra samples, the bacteria isolated from the uterine swabs were Escherichia coli. Compared to the control group, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP5 were downregulated more than 2-fold, whereas AQP9 was upregulated nearly 3-fold and AQP3 was upregulated more than 4-fold in the pyometra affected uteri (P<0.05). Uterine AQP1 was moderately negatively correlated with serum LPS concentration (r=-0.568, P<0.01) and tissue NO production (r=-0.407, P<0.05). AQP5 was positively correlated with serum SOD activity (r=0.485, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with serum LPS concentration (r=-0.512, P<0.05). AQP9 was negatively correlated with tissue SOD and serum GPx activity. This is the first study to identify AQP9 transcript abundance and immunolocalization in canine uterine tissue. Uterine AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP5, and AQP9 transcript abundances were altered in spontaneously developed canine pyometra while AQP transcript abundance was negatively related to serum toxin concentration, NO production, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Further studies should be conducted to determine the role of altered abundances of AQPs transcripts in pyometra pathogenesis.

THE IMPACT OF HOP EXTRACT ACTIVE COMPONENTS ON METABOLIC DISTURBANCES IN ESTROGEN DEFICIENT FEMALE RATS WITH PREDIABETES

A number of studies have shown a greater cardiovascular risk in women with type 2 diabetes compared to men. The latter may be due to more excessive manifestations of metabolic disorders in women, in particular postmenopausal, that develop even at the stage of prediabetes. Since the use of hormone replacement therapy in women after menopause had adverse results on the progression of cardiovascular events, an alternative method of reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with prediabetes may be the use of phytoestrogens, which possess estrogen-like activity without negative side effects specific to exogenous estrogens. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of hop extract on metabolic disturbances in female rats with prediabetes under estrogen deficiency. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on three-month-old intact and ovariectomized Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high calorie diet (15% lard, 25% sucrose, 1% bile salts, 59% standard feed) for eight weeks. The test substances were administered intragastrically once per day in a dose of 20 μg/kg or 200 μg/kg b.w. in recalculation on 8-prenylnaringenin for hop extract and 200 μg/kg b.w. in recalculation on estradiol for the reference drug, from the fifth week after induction of metabolic syndrome. Results. It was revealed that administration of hop extract in a dose of 200 μg/kg, similar to estradiol, led to improvement in glucose tolerance and decrease in insulin resistance (p˂0.05) in estrogen deficient rats with MS. In contrast to estradiol, hop extract had no effect on the mass of uterus in ovariectomized animals. The use of hop extract only in the dose of 200 μg/kg, similar to estradiol, was accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight gain and visceral fat, as well as normalization of the total lipids content in serum of experimental animals (p˂0.05). It is of note, that hop extract resulted in decrease of hypertriglyceridemia (p˂0.05), but did not affect the level of total cholesterol, while estradiol reduced the concentration of total cholesterol (p˂0.05), and had no effect on the level of triglycerides. Hop extract in a dose of 200 μg/kg, as well as estradiol, led to a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation induced by MS under estrogen deficiency, as evidenced by reduced concentration of conjugated dienes in serum (p˂0.05). At the same time, the total antioxidant activity of serum in these animals remained elevated compared to intact group. In rats with MS and hypoestrogenia, hop extract in the highest dose and estradiol resulted in complete normalization (p˂0.05) of the decreased level of NO stable metabolites in serum and the reduced activity of NO-synthase in heart. Conclusions. The revealed cardioprotective effect of hop extract that is realized due to the improved lipid profile and reduced insulin resistance, visceral obesity, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in estrogen deficient female rats with MS indicates the prospects of its use for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in postmenopausal women with prediabetes.

Impact of different severity hyperglycemia on erythrocyte rheological properties1.

The triad "insulin resistance, prediabetes, diabetes" is three independent neologies with characteristic features and development. In addition, each are characterized by progression and the possibility of transition from one form to other. Due to the fact that diabetes is one of the common diseases associated with high rates of disability, it is necessary to improve diagnostic methods and educational regimens for successful prevention and treatment of the disease. We investigated Band 3 protein (B3p) level, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of blood serum, level of HbA1 in group patients with insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and comparative with health control group. We used original, accurate research methods that measure the essence of the studied quantities. Disruptions of glucose and insulin homeostasis ay lead to the initiation of oxidative stress (in our study demonstrated by a decrease of TAA of blood serum) increased redox-sensitive PTP activity and aberrant band 3 phosphorylation, potentially leading to reduced erythrocyte deformability. At the same time glycation of Hb during T2DM may affect its cross-link with membrane proteins, in particular with B3p, and although appears to limit its cross-linking and decrease its clusterization ability, induces alterations in the cytoskeletal matrix, and thereby decrease erythrocytes' osmotic resistance making them more susceptible to hemolysis. The osmotic resistance of the erythrocytes can be used as a sensitive marker for the detection of the early stages of hyperglycemia (prediabetes). This set of clinical trials will make it possible to identify diseases that make up the triad at an early stage. Early detection of disorders and continued research in this direction will help in the development of a diagnostic scheme for the prevention of such patients. Based on our data, research into anti-oxidation drugs is very important. With the help of the array of studies described in the article and antioxidant treatment, the likelihood of successful treatment will increase.

Influence of Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 on Performance, Meat Quality, Immune Function, Antioxidant and Cecum Microbial in Broiler Chickens Challenged by Salmonella typhimurium.

This study evaluated the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at random into four treatments with five replicates and ten chicks per replicate. The following were the treatment groups: (B) basal diet (control); (B + S) basal diet and birds were challenged with S. typhimurium at 1.0 × 107 cfu/g; (B + P) basal diet + Pediococcus pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g; (B + P + S) basal diet + P. pentosaceus GT001 at 4.0 × 108 cfu/g and birds were challenged with S. typhimurium at 1.0 × 107 cfu/g. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the body weight of the Salmonella-infected birds compared to the other treatment groups. However, the FCRs of the broilers were comparable among the different treatment groups (p > 0.05). The lipid profile and liver function indices measured were significantly enhanced in the P. pentosaceus GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) compared to the group that was Salmonella-challenged (p < 0.05) but were similar to those in the control group. The serum antioxidant activities, such as the T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GHS-Px and MDA, were significantly improved in the P. pentosaceus GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) (p < 0.05). The MDA was similar in the B + P and B + P + S groups, but both were significantly lower than the control and the Salmonella groups. The administration of P. pentosaceus GT001 enhanced the lipase and amylase levels in both the serum and intestine of the broilers (p < 0.05). The immunoglobin (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cytokine (IL-10 and IL-6) levels in the serum were significantly higher in the B, B + P and B + P + S treatment groups (p < 0.05). The immune-related organs (bursa and spleen) were significantly influenced in the birds fed with P. pentosaceus GT001. No significant variation was noted among all the dietary treatments in terms of the measured meat quality indices. The small intestinal digesta content of the Salmonella load was below a detectable range after 14 days of infection (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the different treatment groups in terms of the breast pH, drip loss and meat color (p > 0.05). The inclusion of P. pentosaceus GT001 also modified the community structure in the cecum. This indicates that it has health benefits and could be incorporated in the broiler diet.

Evaluating the Level of Some Antioxidants and C-Reactive Activators Protein in a Sample of Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer

One of the key causes of cancer is the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species on DNA repair mechanisms. The present study aims to describe the function of oxidative stress in boosting breast cancer and to point out the potential defense role of antioxidants and some trace elements. In addition, it is to estimate the concentration of C - C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation. Methods: This study was carried out at the Al-Anbar Oncology Center between January and June 2023. Sixty women with breast cancer and forty healthy women were recruited into this study. Serum antioxidant activity, such as superoxide dismutase. (SOD), Catalase (CAT), vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and some essential chemical elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se). CRP concentration was assessed. Results: The results reveal a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in serum antioxidant concentrations such as SOD, CAT, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12 concentration in serum blood of women with breast cancer compared to the apparently healthy women group. The results showed a significant increase (p &lt;0.05) in the CRP concentration of the blood serum of women with breast cancer compared to the healthy women group. The results showed a significant decrease (p &lt;0.05) in the concentration of Zn, Cu and Fe in the serum blood of women with breast cancer compared to the healthy women group. Additionally, there was a significant increase (p &lt;0.05) in Se concentration in serum blood in women with breast cancer. The percentage of breast cancer is lower in urban areas than in rural areas. Conclusions Women with breast cancer showed high levels of oxidative stress as evidenced by increased oxidant markers and decreased antioxidant markers.

Boric Acid in Milk Replacer as a Health Enhancer and Growth Promoter for Lambs in the Suckling Period.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of boric acid supplementation in milk replacer of lambs in the suckling period on performance, biochemical parameters, the antioxidant system, fecal culture, and expression of some genes. During the suckling period, 60 lambs (4days old) were randomly given four levels of boric acid (0, 30, 60, and 90mg/kg body weight) via milk replacer for 57days. The lambs supplemented with boric acid had a higher weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Boric acid supplementation quadratically increased serum triglyceride, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum antioxidant activity and oxidative stress biomarkers, and fecal flora and decreased IL1β, IL10, iNOS, NF-kB, and TNF-α gene expressions. The effect of boric acid on rumen papilla development could not be determined since the animals were not slaughtered. In conclusion, the use of boric acid to lambs in the suckling period improved the average weekly body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, positively affected some biochemical parameters, antioxidant system, and intestinal flora, and also affected gene expressions related to the immune system. Boric acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on the health and growth of suckling lambs.

Polylactic acid micro/nanoplastic-induced hepatotoxicity: Investigating food and air sources via multi-omics

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) are detected in human liver, and pose significant risks to human health. Oral exposure to MNPs derived from non-biodegradable plastics can induce toxicity in mouse liver. Similarly, nasal exposure to non-biodegradable plastics can cause airway dysbiosis in mice. However, the hepatotoxicity induced by foodborne and airborne biodegradable MNPs remains poorly understood. Here we show the hepatotoxic effects of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MNPs through multi-omics analysis of various biological samples from mice, including gut, fecal, nasal, lung, liver, and blood samples. Our results show that both foodborne and airborne PLA MNPs compromise liver function, disrupt serum antioxidant activity, and cause liver pathology. Specifically, foodborne MNPs lead to gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolic alterations in the gut and serum, and liver transcriptomic changes. Airborne MNPs affect nasal and lung microbiota, alter lung and serum metabolites, and disrupt liver transcriptomics. The gut Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group is a potential biomarker for foodborne PLA MNP exposure, while nasal unclassified_Muribaculaceae and lung Klebsiella are potential biomarkers for airborne PLA MNP exposure. The relevant results suggest that foodborne PLA MNPs could affect the “gut microbiota-gut-liver” axis and induce hepatoxicity, while airborne PLA MNPs could disrupt the “airway microbiota-lung-liver” axis and cause hepatoxicity. These findings have implications for diagnosing PLA MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity and managing biodegradable materials in the environment. Our current study could be a starting point for biodegradable MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity. More research is needed to verify and inhibit the pathways that are crucial to MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity.

Fucoidan derived from Sargassum ilicifolium affects growth and hemato-immunological parameters and antioxidant defense in Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

Fucoidan (Fuc) is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and has various biological activities such as immune modulator, growth enhancer, antioxidant and bactericidal. However, there is no information about the effect of fucoidan on ornamental fish. This study investigated the effect of fucoidan from brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium on growth parameters, immunity, and biochemical, antioxidant, and bactericidal activity of serum in Oscar. Fish weighing 49.75 ± 0.96 g were fed fucoidan derived from S. ilicifolium algae at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) for 50 days. After 50 days of feeding with fucoidan, there was no significant increase in blood parameters except WBCs (Fuc 2%) compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) after feeding with fucoidan had a significant increase compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Serum biochemical activity such as total protein (Tp) and globulin (Glb) in the groups fed with fucoidan had a significant increase compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the serum albumin (Alb) activity compared to the control group (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Antioxidant activity of serum, such as SOD and CAT, after feeding with fucoidan, had a significant increase compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). In addition, immune parameters such as lysozyme and total complement in groups containing fucoidan significantly increased compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). A significant increase was observed in NBT and serum bactericidal activity against Aeromonas hydrophila in the group containing Fuc 2% compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). A significant increase was observed in total skin carotenoids in the groups containing 1% and 2% fucoidan compared to the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that fucoidan of S. ilicifolium algae can increase growth and immune parameters. In addition, fucoidan derived from S. ilicifolium algae could increase skin pigmentation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila.

Effects of dietary nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin on haematological parameters, immune responses and the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Astaxanthin is the most prevalent carotenoid in the marine environment and is widely used as an additive in formulated aquafeeds. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to consider the effect of dietary nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin (NA) on haematological parameters, serum antioxidant activities and immune responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total of 450 healthy fish weighing 31.00±2.09g were randomly assigned in triplicate (30 fish per replicate) to 5 dietary treatments: 0 (control), 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, and 100.00mgkg-1 NA. Fish fed the diet supplemented with 50.00mgkg-1 NA exhibited the highest values of red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit of 1.64±0.01×106mm-3, 5.54±0.21×103mm-3, 8.73±0.24gdL-1 and 46.67%±0.88%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those fed the basal diet (p<0.05). The lowest and highest percentages of lymphocytes (67.67%±0.33%) and neutrophils (27.33%±1.20%) were also obtained in fish fed 50.00mgkg-1 NA compared to those fed the basal diet (p<0.05). Fish receiving diet supplemented with 50.00mgkg-1 NA revealed the highest serum activity in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme and alternative complement and the lowest level of total cholesterol, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase than fish receiving the basal diet (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and ACH50 contents significantly increased with increasing dietary NA supplementation to the highest values of 43.17±1.46 and 293.33±2.03UmL-1, respectively, in fish fed diet supplemented with 50mgkg-1 NA (p<0.05). Supplementation of NA in rainbow trout diet at 50mgkg-1 exhibited a positive effect on haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Administration of such dosage can enhance rainbow trout immune responses against unfavourable or stressful conditions, for example disease outbreaks, hypoxic condition, thermal stress and sudden osmotic fluctuations, which usually happen in an intensive culture system.

Exploration of probiotics on antioxidant activity of serum NLC coenzyme Q10 using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl) method

Background: The skin ageing process can be slowed by routinely caring for the skin using serum cosmetics containing antioxidants such as Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10). However, CoQ10 has a drawback, which is low penetration into the skin. In this study, an antiaging serum preparation with the active ingredient NLC-CoQ10 was prepared. Probiotics were added to this preparation as a second active ingredient to enhance antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of probiotic concentration on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of NLC-CoQ10 serum. Method: NLC-CoQ10 was mixed with serum base and 0% probiotic (Formula One), 2% probiotic (Formula Two), and 4% probiotic (Formula Three). After that, physical characteristics and antioxidant activity were observed. Results: The results show that the physical characteristics of all formulas fulfil the specifications. All formulas had pH values between 4 and 7 and a viscosity value between 230 and 1150 cPs. The formula with the highest viscosity value is F1, 352.00 ± 2.00. All formulas have statistically different IC50 values. IC50 values for F1, F2 and F3 respectively, are 317.809 ± 2.117; 307.985 ± 2.089; 257.549 ± 1.573. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity increases with increasing concentrations of probiotics in NLC-CoQ10 serum. Meanwhile, the viscosity value decreases with a decreasing concentration of probiotics.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

The skin of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) contains active substances that are useful for extracting in making natural serums. Antioxidants, one of the important compounds in serum that can protect the skin and capture free radicals. This study aims to prove the presence of antioxidants in serum made from red dragon fruit peel extract, and to compare the effect of using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents on the physical properties and antioxidant activity of the serum. The extraction method used was maceration extraction, by testing the flavonoid content and free ethanol content in the extract. The physical properties of the serum were tested including organoleptics, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability and stickiness. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity was tested using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The research results show that red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoids with orange and red colors, and does not have an ester odor. Serum preparations from 70% and 96% ethanol extracts have semisolid form, characteristic odor, color differences, pH 5, homogeneous, with viscosities of 464 cPs and 341 cPs respectively. The spreadability of the serum is 7.1 cm and 9.7 cm, while the adhesive power is 0.88 and 0.93. The serum antioxidant activity of 70% and 96% ethanol extracts was 39.59 µg/mL and 45.87 µg/mL. The 70% ethanol extract serum meets the standard physical properties of serum and has stronger antioxidant activity compared to the 96% ethanol extract serum, indicated by the lower IC50 value. Flavonoids, as antioxidant compounds, have various types and different polarities depending on the position and number of hydroxyl groups.

Chromium Picolinate Regulates Bone Metabolism and Prevents Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is an abnormal metabolic disease caused by long-term hyperglycemia. In this study, a model rat of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes was established, and chromium picolinate (5 mg·kg-1) was given; the changes in blood glucose and body weight were detected before and after administration; and bone mineral density (BMD), bone morphology, bone turnover markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators were observed in each group. We found that after chromium picolinate (CP) intervention for 8 weeks, the blood glucose level was decreased; the BMD, the bone histomorphology parameters, and the pathological structure were improved; the expression of bone resorption-related proteins was downregulated; and the expression of bone formation-related proteins was upregulated. Meanwhile, serum antioxidant activity was increased, and inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased. In conclusion, CP could alleviate DOP by anti-oxidation, inhibition of bone turnover, anti-inflammation, and regulation of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Therefore, CP has important application values for further development as a functional food or active medicine in DOP treatment.

Cold stress-induced autophagy and apoptosis disorders are mainly mediated by AMPK/PPAR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

Under cold stress, the processes of autophagy, apoptosis and energy metabolism are pivotal for sustaining energy and tissue balance. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms and interactions underlying these processes are still largely unknown. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy homeostasis and tissue homeostasis of Cranoglanis bouderius (13 ± 0.5 g) under cold stress conditions were investigated using histological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches after programmed cooling (25 °C, 20 °C, and 15 °C). Results revealed an uptick in the serum antioxidant activity of C. bouderius during cold stress, contrasted with a decrease in cholesterol levels. Histological assessments revealed extensive damage, marked by evident apoptotic signals, in the gills, liver, and muscles. Transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis also indicated that cold stress induced mitochondrial damage in the liver of C. bouderius, resulting in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial fusion and autophagy. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics suggests that under cold stress, energy homeostasis is primarily regulated by the coordinated action of the AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways, with potential modulation by metabolites like epinephrine. The obstruction of biosynthetic processes is primarily associated with the inhibition of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sustained activation of AMPK alleviates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, potentially underpinning the transition from autophagy-mediated apoptosis suppression to apoptosis promotion during cold stress. In summary, these findings elucidate the consequences arising from the altered interactions within the AMPK/PPAR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway under cold stress conditions and offer a theoretical basis for enhancing the ability of fish species to cope with cold stress.

An investigation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Taraxacum coreanum (white dandelion) in lactating Holstein dairy cows.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the impact of Taraxacum coreanum (known as dandelion) (TC) and TC mixtures with milk thistle (MT) or Aspergillus oryzae (AO) as feed additives on the immune response, milk quality, and milk production in Holstein cows over 6 weeks of administration. Thirty-two healthy Holstein dairy cows were provided 30 kg of total mixed ration (TMR) with no TC, 90 gm TC, 54 gm TC + 36 gm MT, or 54 gm TC + 36 gm AO 40% groups. The feed additives were supplied daily in two equal portions (per 45 gm) by topdressing the TMR for 6 weeks. Milk and blood samples were collected weekly. In the TC-treated cows (TC, TC + MT, and TC + AO groups), significantly lower peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) counts at 6 weeks and milk somatic cell counts (SCCs) at 4-6 weeks of administration were observed. Concentrations of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were notably elevated in cows treated with TC for 4-6 weeks, while levels of proinflammatory cytokines concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and chemokine (IL-8) were significantly reduced in TC-treated cows after 3-6 weeks of administration. These results suggested that TC or a TC mixture with other medicinal herbs supplementations enhanced the serum antioxidative activities and, consequently, might suppress the adverse immune response due to lower serum TNF-α and IL-8 release supported by lower WBC and SCC counts.

Synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of combined supplementation with oral zinc and dietary Moringa oleifera leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Individual interventions with zinc or M. oleifera leaf powder have shown some promise in managing diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This study examined the synergistic effect of oral zinc and dietary M. oleifera leaf supplementation on the serum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Seven groups of 56 rats were used in the experiment: (1) normal rats + normal diet, (2) normal rats + 3% M. oleifera leaf-supplemented diet, (3) non-treated diabetic rats, (4) diabetic rats + 200 mg/kg metformin, (5) diabetic rats + 3% M. oleifera leaf-supplemented diet, (6) diabetic rats + 100 mg/kg oral zinc sulfate, and (7) diabetic rats + 3% M. oleifera leaf-supplemented diet + 100 mg/kg oral zinc sulfate. ELISA assay kits were used for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers respectively. The results suggest that when all treated diabetic groups were compared with non-treated diabetic control at p&lt;0.05, only groups 4 and 7 showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity. Only group 5 showed a significant increase in reduced glutathione. No significant changes were observed in catalase and the total antioxidant capacity. MDA decreased significantly in group 7 only. There was a significant reduction in interleukin-6 in groups 6 and 7. Only group 7 showed significantly reduced C-reactive protein. Tumor necrosis factor-α reduced significantly in group 6 only. Overall, the combined supplementation with zinc and M. oleifera outperformed the individual treatments with either zinc or M. oleifera in ameliorating diabetes-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating a possible synergistic effect of their combination.

EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. TEA INTAKE ON ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN HEALTHY WISTAR RATS

Introduction: Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. have therapeutic potential characteristics, rich in phytochemicals with anti-inflamatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Objective: The study aims to evaluate daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in a concentration usually consumed by population, on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity in healthy female adult Wistar rats. Methodology: The animals were divide in Control Group (CG), which received filtered water and commercial diet; and Hibiscus Group (HG), which received 15 mL/day of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. flower tea (prepared 1g of flower/100mL of water), commercial diet and filtered water. The infusion of hibiscus flower for tea preparation was performed daily (ratio of 1.0g of dried flower to 100 mL of filtered boiled water), infused for 10 minutes, strained, and daily offered to animals (15 mL/day/animal) during 84 days. After 84 days of experimental protocol, animals were euthanized and evaluated serum biochemical parameters such urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, total proteins, albumin, lipid profile and fasting glycemia. Analysis of antioxidant components was perfomed on hibiscus tea and serum antioxidant activity data were also analyzed by 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant activity by iron reduction (FRAP) methods. Results: Hibiscus tea has a high antioxidant potential, and reduce fasting glucose (p &lt; 0.05), but in concentration offered this antioxidant capacity was not observed at serum level, without changes on body mass, water intake, food consumption, lipid profile, liver and kidney biomarkers. Conclusion: Hibiscus tea daily consumption, showed higher antioxidant potential and reduce fasting blood glucose, without toxic effects.

Supplementation with Complex Dietary Fiber during Late Pregnancy and Lactation Can Improve Progeny Growth Performance by Regulating Maternal Antioxidant Status and Milk Quality.

This study investigated the nutritional benefits of complex dietary fiber (beta-glucan and fructo-oligosaccharides, CDF) supplementation in sows and piglets during late pregnancy and lactation. Twenty-four sows were randomly divided into two groups: the control group was fed a basal diet (n = 12), and the experimental group was fed a CDF diet (0.25% CDF replaced the same proportion of corn in the basal diet, n = 12). Dietary treatment was given from day 107 of pregnancy to day 25 of lactation. The results of this experiment showed that CDF increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows during lactation and the weaning body weight (BW) and average daily gain of piglets. Dietary CDF supplementation improved the antioxidant capacity and immune level of sows and decreased the serum zonulin level. Dietary supplementation with CDF increased the levels of antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin, and anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in milk. Meanwhile, piglets in the CDF group had increased serum antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin, and growth-related hormone levels; decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels; and increased fecal short-chain fatty acid content. In addition, the CDF group increased the diversity of microorganisms in sow feces. In conclusion, the supplementation of a diet with CDF in late pregnancy and lactation can alleviate the oxidative stress of sows, improve milk quality, and have significant positive effects on the antioxidant capacity and growth performance of piglets.

Fermented Chinese Herbs Improve the Growth and Immunity of Growing Pigs through Regulating Colon Microbiota and Metabolites.

(1) Background: the development of new antibiotic substitutes to promote pig growth and health has become an important way to solve the current dilemma and promote the pig industry. (2) Methods: to assess the effects of a fermented Chinese herbal (FCH) formula on the growth and immunity of growing pigs, 100 Duroc × Landrace × Yorshire three-way crossed growing pigs were randomly divided into control and treatment groups that were fed a basal diet, and a basal diet with 1% (group A), 2% (group B), and 3% (group C) FCH formulas, respectively. A sixty-day formal experiment was conducted, and their growth and serum indices, colonic microbiota, and metabolites were analyzed. (3) Results: the daily gain of growing pigs in groups A, B, and C increased by 7.93%, 17.68%, and 19.61%, respectively, and the feed-to-gain ratios decreased by 8.33%, 15.00%, and 14.58%, respectively. Serum immunity and antioxidant activities were significantly increased in all treatment groups. Particularly, adding a 2% FCH formula significantly changed the colon's microbial structure; the Proteobacteria significantly increased and Firmicutes significantly decreased, and the metabolite composition in the colon's contents significantly changed. (4) Conclusions: these results indicate that the FCH formula is a good feed additive for growing pigs, and the recommended addition ratio was 3%.

Albumin Thiolation and Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Recent evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species play an important causative role in the onset and progression of valvular diseases. Here, we analyzed the oxidative modifications of albumin (HSA) occurring on Cysteine 34 and the antioxidant capacity of the serum in 44 patients with severe aortic stenosis (36 patients underwent aortic valve replacement and 8 underwent a second aortic valve substitution due to a degenerated bioprosthetic valve), and in 10 healthy donors (controls). Before surgical intervention, patients showed an increase in the oxidized form of albumin (HSA-Cys), a decrease in the native reduced form (HSA-SH), and a significant reduction in serum free sulfhydryl groups and in the total serum antioxidant activity. Patients undergoing a second valve replacement showed levels of HSA-Cys, free sulfhydryl groups, and total antioxidant activity similar to those of controls. In vitro incubation of whole blood with aspirin (ASA) significantly increased the free sulfhydryl groups, suggesting that the in vivo treatment with ASA may contribute to reducing oxidative stress. We also found that N-acetylcysteine and its amide derivative were able to regenerate HSA-SH. In conclusion, the systemic oxidative stress reflected by high levels of HSA-Cys is increased in patients with aortic valve stenosis. Thiol-disulfide breaking agents regenerate HSA-SH, thus paving the way to the use these compounds to mitigate the oxidative stress occurring in the disease.