Antioxidant Activity Of Leaf Extracts Research Articles

Biosynthesis of microrubble-shaped nanoporous Co3O4/rGO NCs using leaves extract of Neolamarckia cadamba and its antibacterial/antioxidant performance

Nowadays, the whole globe is paying great attention for the sustainable development, eco-friendly and economical production of nanostructures materials. With this motivation, the present work portrayed one-step ‘in-situ’ bioinspired green fabrication of Co3O4–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Co3O4–rGO NCs) for the first time utilizing an aqueous leaf extract of Neolamarckia cadamba. As-fabricated NCs were characterized by several analytical and electron microscopic techniques viz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate their phases, structure, shape, composition, chemical state, porosity, optical and morphological aspects. The XRD study revealed a cubic spinel symmetry of NCs, while crystallite size estimated around 25 nm. TEM spectroscopy exposed an average particle size 8–10 nm of Co3O4 grown on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO NCs), whereas SEM analysis showed sharped microrubble-shaped morphology. The formation of NCs by doping metal oxide with rGO through in-situ method were confirmed by XRD, EDS, Raman, and XPS spectroscopy. The BET study estimated the specific surface area and pore size of NCs as 98 m2/g and 8.9 nm respectively. The Co3O4–rGO NCs demonstrated an effective bactericidal activity against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and B. subtillis. Prominently it was found that, a significant antibacterial activity seen against E. coli and S. aureus at a concentration 0.1 mg/100 µL may be due to scaffold morphology, nanoscale-structures and nanoporosity of the NCs. Due to receiving significant antibacterial activity, material’s molecular docking was assessed. Furthermore, an antioxidant activity of leaf extract and NCs was evaluated by DPPH method. An outstanding biological study of bioinspired NCs revealed that material could be used as a potent antimicrobial agent.

Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum Sm leaf and flower: Integrative Analysis using Advanced Analytical Techniques

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates the biological activities of Rhododendron arboreum Sm from the eastern Himalayas, addressing a literature gap on its properties. It explores the plant's phytochemical, antioxidant, and medicinal characteristics. Significance: Evaluating methanolic extracts of R. arboreum offers valuable insights into its bioactive potential. Comprehensive GC-MS analysis identified a diverse array of compounds, highlighting the plant's chemical composition. Methods: Methanolic leaf and flower extracts underwent sequential extraction and phytochemical profiling using column chromatography, TLC, and GC-MS analysis. Spectral studies aided compound identification, and antioxidant activity was assessed via spectrophotometric assays. Results: Column chromatography separated methanol leaf and flower extracts into 17 and 24 distinct fractions, respectively. TLC analysis showed specific Rf values for leaf (0.58, 0.65, 0.75, 0.8, 0.86, 0.9) and flower samples (0.91, 0.38, 0.48, 0.51, 0.56, 0.6, 0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 0.96). GC-MS analysis revealed a variety of organic functional groups, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic molecules, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and other bioactive compounds. FTIR spectra identified functional groups such as hydroxyls, primary amines, alkanes, and alkynes. NMR data indicated a complex molecular composition with diverse proton environments. Leaf extracts demonstrated superior antioxidant activity compared to flower extracts in DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and FRAP assays. Conclusion: The study identifies diverse phytochemicals in R.arboreum extracts and highlights their potential applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods, owing to the superior antioxidant activity of leaf extracts compared to flowers.

Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity study of Adenia panduriformis in Zambia using UHPLC-MS/MS-MZmine3, GNPS, and METLIN Gen2

Diseases, especially degenerative illnesses, can be treated and avoided altogether, and good health can be enhanced by including health-promoting foods in the diet without side effects. Adenia panduriformis (Passifloraceae) is a wild vegetable consumed as part of the everyday diet in some communities in Zambia. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to effectively treat and manage many diseases, including degenerative diseases. Because of significant health benefits and medicinal attributes, this vegetable has very high merit to be investigated for its phytochemicals and bioactivities. Therefore, this study screened phytochemicals using qualitative chemical tests and Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), identified metabolites using molecular networking tools and evaluated the total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of the methanolic leaf extract of the vegetable. Solvent extraction by maceration recovered metabolites for screening by qualitative chemical tests, extraction by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) was used to recover metabolites for screening by LCMS/MS, and tentative phytochemical constituents were identified using MZmine3, GNPS (global natural products social molecular networking) and METLIN. Total phenolic content (TPC) determination used the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method at 765 nm. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was evaluated using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay at 510 nm. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay at 517 nm. Phytochemical screening by qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of many classes of phytocompounds, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and saponins. TPC was determined to be 122.30 ± 2.00 mg GAE/g, and TFC was 60.17 ± 0.25 mg QE/g. Screening by LCMS/MS revealed the presence of many metabolites, of which 23 phytocompounds were identified using MZmine3, 42 by GNPS, and 21 by METLIN. The crude extract exhibited high DPPH free radical quenching activity with a relatively low IC50 value of 53.48 µg/mL compared to the reference standard ascorbic acid IC50 of 74.47 µg/mL. The significantly lower IC50 value for the wild vegetable than that of ascorbic acid indicates a considerably high efficiency of the metabolites in the vegetable as antioxidants. The presence of many metabolites with health-promoting properties and high antioxidant activity of the leaf extract of A. panduriformis may be the science behind its remarkable health benefits and power to treat and manage a variety of diseases, including degenerative illnesses. This study presents results that indicate the potential of A. panduriformis as a rich source of metabolites with brilliant health-promoting properties and high antioxidant activity, which may open exciting opportunities for further development in the fields of pharmacology and drug development.

The Phenolic Content of Pistacia lentiscus Leaf Extract and Its Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties.

The aims of this study were to determine the polyphenolic profile, to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extract of Pistacia lentiscus leaves, and the hydroacetonic mixture was employed as an alternative for common solvents in the extraction process. In order to explain the antidiabetic activity, molecular docking has been performed on the main constituents of the leaf extract. The characterization of the extract has been performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) leading to the detection of 20 compounds of which gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, kaempferol, and quercetin 3-glucoside were identified using authentic standards. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu and quercetin methods, were 394.5 ± 0.08 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract (mg GAE/g DE) and 101.2 ± 0.095 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract (mg QE/g DE), respectively. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of leaf extract, quantified by determining the ability to neutralize the free radical DPPH and β-carotene/linoleate model system, reached the values of 0.0027 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 0.128 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding the antidiabetic activity, based on the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase activity, a significant inhibition of about 68.20% with an IC50 value of 0.266 mg/mL had been observed. This finding is consistent with the molecular docking study of the main phenolic compounds of the extracts, where a remarkable binding affinity against α-amylase was observed, with values of -7.631 (kcal/mol), -6.818 (kcal/mol), and -5.517 (kcal/mol) for the major compounds catechin, quercetin-3-glucoside, and gallic acid, respectively.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Ethanol Leave Extract of Mentha piperita

Mentha piperita has numerous pharmacological, cosmetic and alimental applications due to its ability to produce terpene and terpenoid compounds. Antioxidants are considered as important bioactive compound on account of many health benefits along with their vital role in delaying oxidative rancidity of numerous food. The study was to investigate acute toxicity evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of hydro-ethanol leave extracts of M. piperita. The acute toxicity was evaluate in rat according to (OECD). Animals were daily observed for 24 hours after treatment for mortality. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated based on the method such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power method. The results showed that mortality was not observed in phase one but was observed in phase two. The LD50 by oral route in rat was less than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The percentage of antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of M. piperita was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay, reducing power (RP) assay, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay. The analysis revealed that NO scavenging activity is higher than DPPH with extract. NO and DPPH exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. This indicates that the hydro-ethanol leave extract of M. piperita has a good antioxidant activity.

Metabolite profiles and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of five Lonicera species: a comparative study

BackgroundLonicera japonica Flos is widely used as a medicinal plant in China owing to its various pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the metabolic profile and antibacterial properties of the leaves of Lonicera species. The present study aimed to determine and compare the metabolite profiles and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of five Lonicera species.Results598 metabolites were identified based metabolomics using UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS in the five Lonicera species leaves. Among them, flavonoids and phenols compounds accounted for 13%. In Lonicera dasystyla, 110 differential metabolites were found compared to those in the other Lonicera species, of which flavonoids and phenols accounted for 20% and 10%, respectively. Compared to other Lonicera species leaves, the contents of total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activities and anti-bacterial capacities were considerably higher in Lonicera hypoglauca and lower in L. dasystyla. The contents of total phenol and total flavonoid in L. hypoglauca were 95.86% and 201.64% higher than those in L. dasystyla. The RPA value in L. hypoglauca was 93.27% higher than the value of L. dasystyla, respectively. The content of 4, 5-dicaffeoylquninic acid in L. hypoglauca was 4.814 mg g−1, which was 302.85% higher than that of L. dasystyla. Besides, Chlorogenic acid was most high in leaves of L. japonica and reached 15 mg g−1, which was 209.34% higher than that of L. dasystyla. Moreover, correlation analysis showed most flavonoids, phenols, and coumarins were positively correlated with antioxidant activities and antibacterial capacities.ConclusionsThis study identified the difference of metabolites in leaves of five Lonicera species, antioxidant abilities and inhibition effects of leaf extracts on pathogens, which provides a potential information for further application of Lonicera leaves.Graphical

In vitro Assessment of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Rhizophora apiculata leaf extracts

In the present scenario, in the field of human disease management, there is a necessity to substitute the antibiotics with better alternatives so as to overcome the problem of multidrug resistance (MDR). Herbal drugs can best serve the purpose as they are being used as the traditional remedy for various ailments. Mangrove plants are being used in the modern medicine as they possess varied phytochemicals with therapeutic value. The phytochemicals in the leaves of Rhizophora apiculata were extracted into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and double distilled water through Soxhlet extraction. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion, DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The leaf extracts of R. apiculata showed the range of inhibitory activity against P.aeruginosa 3.4±0.9 to 4.6±0.5; A.hydrophila 3.9±0.8 to 6.1±1.1; S. aureus 2.4±1.3 to 3.6±1.0, B.subtilis 1.8±0.7 to 3.1±0.7, Antioxidant activity; FRAP 123.6±0.9 to 148±1.1 and DPPH 72.3±0.9 to 83.1±1.4. The aqueous leaf extract of R.apiculata exhibited maximum potency for antibacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.6±0.5mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (6.1±1.1mm), Staphylococcus aureus (3.6±1.0mm), Bacillus subtilis (3.1±0.7mm), antioxidant activity, DPPH 83.1±1.4 and FRAP 148±1.1AAEµg/ml.

In vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Jatropha heynei Leaf Extract and GC-MS Profiling

Aim: Jatropha heynei N. P. Balakr. of family Euphorbiaceae is an endemic herb with ethno medicinal values has not been studied for phytochemical analysis. The present study investigates the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and GC-MS profiling of J. heynei leaf extract. Materials and Methods: The cyclic voltammetry technique was employed to study the antioxidant activity of leaf extract. In vitro antibacterial activity was done by agar well diffusion assay. Further, Chemical profiling of methanolic leaf extract of J. heynei was done by the GC-MS analysis. Results: Cyclic voltammograms of extract revealed two anodic peaks at 0.12 and 0.22V when anodic current was applied at scan rate of 50 mV s-1. This low oxidation peak potential in the extract suggested its good antioxidant property. In vitro antibacterial activity extract showed good inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition 14±0.57 mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition 10±0.25mm. GC-MS analysis of leaf extract revealed presence of 14 prominent chemical compounds. Among them, major abundant compounds includes pentadecanoic acid, phytol, cis, cis, cis-7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienal Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- 1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, γ-Sitosterol and Lupeol. Five compounds such as D-chiro-Inositol 3-O-(2-amino-4-((carboxyiminomethyl) amino)-2, 3, 4, 6-tetradeoxy-.alp, phytol, cis, cis, cis-7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienal, vitamin E acetate and β-sitosterol were associated with antioxidant property and compounds like 1, 2, 3-propanetriol monoacetate, octadecanoic acid, phytol, 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, and 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E) were known to posesss antimicrobial activity. Several other compounds with a number of therapeutic properties were also reported in the present study.

Dynamic changes in flavonoid, phenolic, and polysaccharide contents in leaves and fruits of sea buckthorn during the growing season in southeastern Tibet plateau

• Tibet sea buckthorn is a valuable source of natural functional ingredients. • Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was higher than that of fruit extracts. • Contents of flavonoids, phenolics, and polysaccharides varied monthly. • Meteorological factors affected polysaccharide and flavonoid contents. • The best harvest month differed for different target components. Sea buckthorn, a medicinal and edible plant, is rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and polysaccharides. We detected monthly variations in the contents of three types of active compounds and the antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit extracts, and explored the effects of meteorological factors on active component contents. The highest flavonoid content in leaves and fruits was in July, and this did not coincide with the maximum contents of phenolics and polysaccharides. Compared with fruit extracts, leaf extracts showed higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay, and the total radical trapping antioxidant parameter assay. We detected significant correlations between some meteorological factors and the contents of bioactive components. The results reveal variations in the contents of bioactive components in sea buckthorn throughout the growing season in southeastern Tibet, and reveal the best time to harvest materials for optimum resource use.

Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Coleus ambionicus

Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Coleus ambionicus

Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Ecbolium linneanum kurz.: GC-MS and HR-LCMS based metabolite profiling and an in silico approach

Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Ecbolium linneanum kurz.: GC-MS and HR-LCMS based metabolite profiling and an in silico approach

Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Vernonia tigna Klatt (Asteraceae)

The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Vernonia tigna leaf extracts used in folk medicine and to validate its therapeutic claim. Powdered plant material from Vernonia tigna was extracted by microwave-assisted extraction using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and subjected to phytochemical screening using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar diffusion method as outlined by the NCCLS. The Free radical scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH method. The phytochemical screening of the crude extract revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The antimicrobial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains (S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa). The result showed moderate inhibition against bacterial strains. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 1.25 – 3.125 mg/mL for all the organisms studied. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts showed significant inhibition at different concentrations of 50 – 250 µg/mL. All the microbes were inhibited to varying degrees. The results of this study give credence to the ethno-medicinal use of Vernonia tigna.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Mangrove Plants Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. and Excoecaria agallocha L.

Objectives: To perform a detailed phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of mangroves Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Excoecaria agallocha. Methods: A comparative phytochemical analysis was done using qualitative and quantitative methods followed by antimicrobial activity and antioxidant analysis using DPPH. Aqueous and chloroform extracts of both mangroves were subjected to UV-Visible spectrum analysis. Further, the extracts were subjected to TLC, FTIR and GC-MS analysis to determine the different bioactive compounds present in the extract. Findings: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of different extracts revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents namely alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and quinones. They had also shown significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In DPPH analysis, the maximum antioxidant activity (% of inhibition) was observed in aqueous extract (67.2%) followed by methanol extract (67%) of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, whereas in the case of Excoecaria agallocha, it was 64.9% in ethanol and 46.2 % in chloroform extracts. Further, GC-MS along with FTIR analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of numerous compounds that may contribute to the antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential and have great promise in treating various diseases. Novelty: Comparative study of the mangrove species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Excoecaria agallocha with five different solvents has been documented for the first time. In this study, both plants showed maximum activity against skin pathogens and further studies might help find new compounds against MDR pathogens. The findings of this study shed light on the folklore claim and immense potential of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Excoecaria agallocha to treat various ailments. Keywords: Phytochemicals; Antioxidant; Bruguiera gymnorhiza; Excoecaria agallocha; Mangroves

Comparative evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of five ethnomedicinal plant species from Punjab, India

• Quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents of selected plant species. • HPLC analysis of leaf extracts of selected plant species for detection of polyphenols. • To evaluate and compare antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of selected plant species • Leaf extracts of B. variegata and S. cumini showed better antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Plant species like Azadirachta indica (locally known as ‘neem’) , Bauhinia variegata (locally known as ‘kachnar’), Dalbergia sissoo (locally known as ‘tahli’), Psidium guajava (locally known as ‘amrood’) and Syzygium cumini (locally known as ‘jamun’) are known for their role in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of diabetes and other diseases in India and other countries. The present study was designed to compare antioxidant and antidiabetic potential among methanolic leaf extracts of A. indica, B. variegata, D. sissoo, P. guajava and S. cumini employing in vitro assays. In addition, this study also deals with quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and phenolic contents in the extracts. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of above five plant species were determined by 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS ) , 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and superoxide radical scavenging assays whereas the antidiabetic potential of all the extracts was determined using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. On the basis of EC50 values of different leaf extracts analysed for their antioxidant activity in three assays, leaf extracts of B. variegata and S. cumini were shown to present better antioxidant activity mainly in ABTS and superoxide radical scavenging assays. EC50 values for leaf extract of B. variegata were 31.19 ± 4.15 and 28.82 ± 4.42 and for S. cumini were 13.64 ± 10.39 and 30.19 ± 6.82 in ABTS and superoxide radical scavenging assays respectively. Similarly, these extracts also demonstrated better antidiabetic activity in both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays with IC50 of 27.28 ± 6.11 and 24.69 ± 0.91 for B. variegata and 48.34 ± 1.62 and 30.15 ± 0.80 for S. cumini in respective assays. The study demonstrated that leaf extracts of B. variegata and S. cumini showed better antioxidant potential than other plant species studied in ABTS and superoxide radical scavenging assays. These extracts also showed better antidiabetic potential in both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays as compared to other extracts.

In-vitro assessment of biological properties and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera L.

Moringa oleifera is native to India and being used as medicinal and nutritive plant for thousands of years. The plant is an important source for essential nutrients and biochemical constituents. The present study is carried out to investigate the biochemical constituents through FT-IR, GC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the M. oleifera leaves extract are studied using DPPH assay and antimicrobial activity is observed by selecting various indicator microorganisms. In the present study, the methanolic extract is evaluated for its antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity was found through DPPH assay. The IC50 value is found to be 275μg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is studied through well diffusion assay and highest inhibitory activity is observed for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Further, the biochemical constituents are identified through FTIR and GC-MS analysis and the presence of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 11-octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid trimethyl silyl ester and α-Linolenic acid trimethylsilyl ester are found. The fatty acids occupied major portion of the leaves and the other compounds identified through this analysis are diterpenoids, carotenoid pigments, silanes and diterpene alcohol. The leaves consist of a rich source of bioactive components with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The carotenoid pigments and omega fatty acids are considered as food supplements for boosting the immunity and also for scavenging of free radicals.

Exploration And Antioxidant Analysis of Moringa Oleifera Using the DPPH Method

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has the potential to be an ingredient of superfood and biopharmaceutical because it is rich in nutrients, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. Moringa leaves contain antioxidants to neutralize and stabilize free radicals in the body. Moringa exploration is important for the purpose of finding trees to be used as sources of superior seeds. This study aimed to obtain a Moringa tree with the highest antioxidant content. An exploration had been carried out from June to July 2021 in four cities/regencies in West Sumatra, namely Padang City, Solok City, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and Solok Selatan Regency. Coordinate data were analyzed using ArcGIS, and antioxidant activity test results were analyzed using the DPPH method. From the exploration, 36 Moringa trees were found with different characters. The results of the testing of the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts showed that there were 3 parent trees that had high antioxidant activity, marked by the lowest IC50 values, namely those in Padang City (0.17%), Solok City (0.17%), and Solok Selatan Regency (0.19%).

Evaluation of the Thrombolytic and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts of Plumbago zeylanica L.

Abstract: Background: Plumbago zeylanica L. is one of the extremely accessible conventionally used herbal plants with various biological activities. However, actions of P. zeylanica L on blood clotting and other complications of blood were indisposed therapeutically studied. Therefore, the scope of the current exploration is to screen the thrombolytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: Thrombolytic activity (in vitro) was assessed with clot lysis and thrombin inhibitory ability. Further, thrombolytic activity (in vivo) was evaluated by a thrombotic tail (carrageenan-induced) animal model. DPPH and nitric oxide (free radical) scavenging methods were employed to check the in vitro antioxidant property. Further cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity were assessed for plant extract. Results: The quantitative analysis elicits the presence of the magnificent amount of the total phenolic content (96.8±7.92 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (63.52±4.54 mg QE/g) on the dry weight basis. The maximum clot lysis (96.83%±0.657) of methanolic leaf extract was detected in in vitro model at 800 μg/mL in 72 hr. A strong thrombin inhibition (94.63±2.12%) effect was observed for methanol leaf extract at 2 mg/mL. In in vivo studies a significant (p< 0.001) clot lysis was achieved at the tested dose (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). DPPH radical and nitric oxide scavenging activity showed the IC50 value of 25.47±0.51 and 56.32±0.85, respectively. The methanolic extract was found safer up to the highest lethal dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the plant leaves are comprised of significant thrombolytic properties. It could be a promising source for the existence of antioxidant and thrombolytic agents. Keywords: Plumbago zeylanica L., Thrombolytic activity, Anti-oxidant activity, Cytotoxicity, Streptokinase, DPPH radical etc.

The Influence of Phytosociological Cultivation and Fertilization on Polyphenolic Content of Menthae and Melissae folium and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties through In Vitro and In Silico Methods.

Since medicinal plants are widely used in treating various diseases, phytoconstituents enrichment strategies are of high interest for plant growers. First of all, we investigated the impact of phytosociological cultivation on polyphenolic content (total flavonoids—TFL, and total polyphenols—TPC) of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) leaves, using spectrophotometric methods. Secondly, the influence of chemical (NPK) and organic (BIO) fertilization on polyphenolic content and plant material quality was also assessed. Dry extracts were obtained from harvested leaves using hydroethanolic extraction solvents for further qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytoconstituents by FT-ICR MS and UHPLC-MS. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was determined in vitro using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Molecular docking simulations were employed to further evaluate the antioxidant potential of obtained extracts, predicting the interactions of identified phytochemicals with sirtuins. The concentration of polyphenols was higher in the plant material harvested from the phytosociological culture. Moreover, the use of BIO fertilizer led to the biosynthesis of a higher content of polyphenols. Higher amounts of phytochemicals, such as caffeic acid, were determined in extracts obtained from phytosociological crops. The antioxidant activity was dependent on polyphenols concentration, more potent inhibition values being observed for the extracts obtained from the phytosociological batches. Molecular docking studies and MM/PBSA calculations revealed that the obtained extracts have the potential to directly activate sirtuins 1, 5 and 6 through several polyphenolic compounds, such as rosmarinic acid, thus complementing the free radical scavenging activity with the potential stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms. In conclusion, growing medicinal plants in phytosociological cultures treated with biofertilizers can have a positive impact on plant material quality, concentration in active constituents and biological activity.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts from Three Rhizophora Species from Bontang Waters, Indonesia

a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.

Phytochemical and GCMS Analysis of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Bauhinia variegate

Herbal remedies are the most widely utilized medical therapy in most underdeveloped nations. Medicinal plants have been utilized for millennia due to their broad availability. Bauhinia variegata is a medicinal plant that grows in India and is thought to have medicinal properties due to specific bioactive components. The present work evaluated the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract of Bauhinia variegata‘s leaves. Further, three different assays were used to test the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Bauhinia variegata at varying doses. The antioxidant activity of several extracts of plant was shown to be more promising as a consequence of our research. The components of the more potent phytochemicals of Bauhinia variegata were further investigated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Our results reveal that the presence of specific phytochemicals warrants the Bauhinia variegata's use in health-promoting properties.