Antioxidant Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

Antioxidant and antiamylase activities of leaf and root extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam is a plant species widely used in Mali for its medical virtues to treat various diseases including Diabetes. The present study aims to examine the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaf and root extracts of Z. mauritiana Lam collected in Bamako. Phytochemical screening and assay were carried out using conventional methods. The DPPH test was used to evaluate the anti-radical activity, and the antidiabetic potential of the extracts was estimated via the α-amylase inhibition test. Characterization tests revealed the presence of free tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones in all our extracts. The root extracts revealed higher contents of polyphenols (561.40±22.4 to 218.00±30.2 mg EAG/g) and flavonoids (54.26±4.9 to 132.56±6, 82 mg EQ/g) whatever the solvent, with the exception of Ethyl Acetate. Ethanol extracts showed the best anti-radical potentiel. The IC50was 58.13±1.85 µg/mL for roots and 85.19±0.415 µg/mL for leaves. The results provide a better understanding of the medicinal properties of Z. mauritiana Lam and pave the way for management strategies for diabetes and diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Inhibition of Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Suppression of Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion on Human Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSC-4 Cells), and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts from Acanthaceae Family

Inhibition of Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Suppression of Bacterial Adhesion and Invasion on Human Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line (HSC-4 Cells), and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts from Acanthaceae Family

Polyphenolic Screening and the Antioxidant Activity of Grape Pomace Extracts of Romanian White and Red Grape Varieties

Due to its valuable organic compounds, grape pomace represents a valuable resource in the creation of value-added food products. In this study, we investigated grape pomace hydroalcoholic extracts obtained by ultrasonication from two white and two red Romanian grape varieties. The phytochemical parameters, i.e., polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins content, and antioxidant activity, were determined by UV-Vis spectrometry. The statistical analysis revealed that Tămâioasă Românească and Negru de Drăgășani, respectively, and Fetească Albă and Fetească Neagră are similar to each other. Significant differences among the pomaces obtained from different grape varieties were noticed in terms of their phenolic contents. The red varieties (Fetească Neagră and Negru de Drăgășani) were richest in terms of total phenolics and total anthocyanins, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from grape pomace showed that Negru de Drăgășani had the higher value due to its high amounts of polyphenols, followed by Fetească Neagră, Fetească Albă, and Tămâioasă Românească. Higher levels of bioactive polyphenolic substances, i.e., catechin, myricetin, resveratrol, and vanillic acid, were found in the pomace of Negru de Drăgășani extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography. These results emphasize the potential of the Negru de Drăgășani variety to be further exploited for nutritional and functional applications.

In silico Study with Antioxidant Activity and α-Amylase Inhibitory Potential in Ethanolic Extract of Melilotus indicus

Building upon the long history of plants as natural remedies, this study investigated the presence and content of flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, in an ethanolic extract of Melilotus indicus. The antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated. The Melilotus genus is renowned for its diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. As anticipated, flavonoids were the primary phenolic constituents identified in M. indicus. The extract exhibited a flavonoid content of 0.49 ± 3.818 mg/g and demonstrated comparable antioxidant activity (IC50 = 1.6 mg/mL) to vitamin C (IC50 = 0.01 mg/mL). A docking study against human salivary amylase (1C8Q), revealed promising binding scores for chlorogenic acid and kaempferol (-6.09196091 and -5.45953274 kcal/mol, respectively) compared to the acarbose drug (-8.8864727 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that M. indicus may be a valuable source of natural antioxidants with potential health benefits.

Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Properties of Algerian Phoenix dactylifera

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phagocytic activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit variety Mech degla. The antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH assay, ferrous ions chelating assay, and CUPRAC assay. The antibacterial activity against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, while the in vivo phagocytic activity was measured using carbon clearance method. The results showed that the extract exhibited good antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 0.89 ± 0.3 g/l and 0.56 ± 0.24 g/l for DPPH and ferrous ions chelating activities, respectively, and the A0.5 value of 1.45 ± 0.15 g/l in the CUPRAC assay. Moreover, the extract showed notable antibacterial activity against all tested strains with the highest zone of inhibition (23.3 ± 0.3 mm) against S. pneumonia. Besides the extract did not show any significant toxicity, it was able to stimulate the phagocytic activity with a significantly faster carbon clearance rate at the dose of up to 100 mg/kg compared to the control group. Our results suggested that the Phoenix dactylifera fruit represents a promising source for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as remedies to prevent and treat various microbial and immune-related diseases.

Enzymatic catalytic dynamics of lactic-acetic acid co-fermentation: Effect of cellulase on the physicochemical, phytochemicals, volatiles, and antioxidant activity of jujube puree extracts

The processing of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is imperative due to its esteemed status and rich pharmacological properties despite its sensory challenges and short shelf-life. Traditional drying methods preserve jujube quality but complicate bioactive compound extraction due to the conjugated polysaccharide matrix. This study addresses the gap in research on enzymatic pretreatment by investigating the use of cellulases to break down the rigid cellulose structure, thus enhancing the efficiency of subsequent fermentation processes. Besides, this research explored the catalytic dynamics of cellulase pretreatment in lactic-acetic acid co-fermentation to improve jujube puree's functional and quality properties. Methodologies involved applying cellulase at concentrations of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % (v/v) at 40 °C for 4 hours, followed by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 3346 and Acetobacter pasteurianus (Ap CICC 20001, CGMCC 1.41). Results indicated that fermentation and enzyme hydrolysis significantly influenced jujube puree's physicochemical and sensory attributes. Fermentation increased densities and moisture content, while unfermented and enzyme-treated samples had higher total soluble solids (TSS) values (11.00–11.50 °Brix). Enzyme concentration affected the reducing sugar and protein content, with higher enzyme concentrations (5 %EF) producing lighter products (L* = 52.00). Total phenolic content increased with fermentation, particularly in the 3 %EF treatment (351.89 mg GAE/100 g FW), while flavonoid and flavonol contents peaked in the 5 %EF (426.33 mg RE/100 g FW) and 3 %EF (25.80 mg QE/100 g FW) treatments, respectively. Proanthocyanidin content was highest at moderate enzyme concentrations, notably in the 3 %EF treatment (715.95 mg CE/100 g FW). Fermentation also enhanced antioxidant properties and altered flavor profiles by decreasing acetoin levels and increasing acid and ester production. This study highlights the significance of the combinative effect of enzyme concentration and fermentation processes in augmenting jujube puree extracts' nutritional and sensory qualities.

Exploring grape pomace extracts for the formulation of new bioactive multifunctional chitosan/alginate-based hydrogels for wound healing applications

Chronic wounds incidence is increasing and affects millions of people around the world, causing great psychological and socio-economic impacts. However, treatments that can effectively promote wound healing are still lacking. In this study, grape pomace (GP), the main residue from winemaking production was explored as a source of high added-value raw material directed for the topical treatment of Staphylococcus aureus chronic wound infections. Crude GP extracts (composed of stalks or a skin and seeds mixture–from red and white grape varieties) obtained using a modified solid-liquid extraction (water, ethanol, and acetone solvents) were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays), as well as the richness of phenolic compounds (total phenolic content-TPC, total flavonoid content-TFC, and HPLC-DAD assays). The GP extracts with the most favorable results were incorporated in a chitosan-alginate hydrogel (cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and calcium chloride), characterized (swelling, degradation, and release properties), and tested for its bioactivity (antioxidant and antimicrobial potential). TPC and TFC were higher in red GP extracts, as confirmed by the HPLC analysis, indicating a greater diversity of compounds in these extracts. Ethanolic white GP extracts (from skin-seeds mixture) showed the highest extraction yield and antioxidant activity. Their incorporation into the chitosan-alginate hydrogel improved its swelling and antimicrobial properties (total cytoplasmic membranes disruption and culturability reduction). A biomaterial with high swelling capacity and antibacterial activity against S. aureus was obtained, which can potentially promote wound healing by exudate absorption and infection clearance while promoting valorization of by-products and stimulating a circular economy.

An In Vitro Study on the Antioxidant Properties of Cistus incanus Extracts

This paper concerns the evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AA) of extracts obtained from cistus herbs grown in Albania and Turkey. The extracts were prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus, as well as by the maceration and infusion methods, similar to the home method of preparing herbal teas. AA was determined using the DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and β-carotene methods. It was proven that the AA of extracts depends not only on the extraction technique and AA assessment method but also on the place of plant cultivation. The smallest activity was determined using the β-carotene bleaching method, while the highest values were obtained using the FRAP method. On the other hand, the ABTS method showed a greater activity of the Albanian herb prepared using the Soxhlet technique. In addition, the antioxidant properties of extracts were compared with those of rutin standard solutions, showing that this characteristic component of cistus is not the only one that determines AA of extracts. As a result, the rutin content is not an indicator of the antioxidant properties of extracts. The other polyphenolic compounds, although occurring at lower concentration levels compared to rutin, modify the resultant AA of extracts. These studies confirmed the biological activity of cistus as a valuable source of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet.

Integrated deep eutectic solvent extraction and resin adsorption for recovering polyphenols from citrus reticulata Blanco peels: Process optimization, compositional analysis, and activity determination

The recovery of polyphenols from Citrus reticulata Blanco peels was studied based on integrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction and resin adsorption. The DES prepared with choline chloride and ethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:4) and hydrophobic interaction/weakly acidic cation exchange mixed-mode adsorption resin HD-1 were used as the extractant and adsorbent respectively. The operating parameters of integrated process were optimized using completely randomized design and response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction kinetics was studied and the composition of extract was analyzed by UPLC-MS. Finally, the antioxidant activity of extract and its inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were determined. Under the optimal operating conditions (liquid–solid ratio of 20:1, extraction temperature of 43 °C, extraction time of 4.8 h, resin amount of 6.6 g), the polyphenols yield of integrated process was increased by 2.15-fold and the time was shortened by 52.48 % compared with that of traditional sequential process. The extraction kinetic curves of both integrated and sequential processes conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the extraction speed of integrated process was significantly higher than that of sequential process. The main polyphenols in extract were neohesperidoside, poncirin, narirutin, and hesperidin, etc. The extract exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity with DPPH free radical scavenging rate of extract reached 79.54 % of that of vitamin C. The inhibition ratios of extract against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 97.81 % and 427 % of that of acarbose respectively. The results indicated that the extract has a potential application for prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of the phenolic profile and biological activities of aqueous date seed extracts: A comparative analysis

Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a well-known fruit that has become increasingly popular among consumers due to its pleasant flavor, nutrient-dense content, and nutraceutical characteristics. Date seeds are the main by-product of date fruit consumption and processing. Date seeds are usually incorporated in animal feed; however, their application in human contexts, such as food products, remains minimal. Nonetheless, they contain significant amounts of bioactive phenolic compounds, primarily flavonoids, which possess potential health benefits. The current study investigated and compared the phenolic profile, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of nine different date seeds varieties. The phenolic profile, analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS), showed that total phenolic compounds ranged from 1.05 to 1.24 mg/g in Reziz and Naghal varieties, respectively, with flavan-3-ols predominating in all varieties. Results of the ABTS and DPPH assays revealed that the antioxidant activities against free radicals were directly correlated with the overall phenolic content, particularly for caffeic acid. Indeed, all date seeds possessed antibacterial capabilities, with a stronger effect observed on Listeria monocytogenes than Escherichia coli. Additionally, date seeds demonstrated a promising source of oil rich in oleic and lauric acids, both of which are considered beneficial for health. According to our findings, date seeds are a significant source of bioactive compounds, which renders them ideal candidates for potential inclusion in human diets as food additives and nutraceuticals.

Sanguisorba officinalis L. ethanolic extracts and essential oil - chemical composition, antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity, and ex vivo skin permeation study.

Sanguisorba officinalis L. is classified as a medicinal plant and used in traditional medicine. The root of this plant is mainly used as a medicinal raw material, but the above-ground parts are also a valuable source of health-promoting biologically active compounds. The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) of extracts prepared in 70% and 40% aqueous ethanol solution (dry extract content 50-500g/L) from the aerial parts of S. officinalis. The essential oil was isolated from the tested raw material, and its composition was determined using GC-MS. Ethanolic extracts and essential oil have been tested for antibacterial activity. The extract in 70% v/v ethanol (dry extract content: 500g/L) was subjected to HPLC analysis for the content of selected phenolic acids and an ex vivo skin permeation study. The ability of these metabolites to permeate and accumulate in the skin was analysed. Extracts prepared at both ethanol concentrations showed similar antioxidant activity and TPC. Depending on the method, concentration of solvent, and dry extract content (50-500g/L), the activity ranged from 1.97 to 84.54g Trolox/L. TPC range of 3.80-37.04gGA/L. Gallic acid (424mg/L) and vanillic acid (270mg/L) had the highest concentrations among the phenolic acids analysed. Vanillic acid (10μg) permeates the skin at the highest concentration. The highest accumulation in the skin was found for 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (53μg/g skin), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (45μg/g skin), and gallic acid (45μg/g skin). The tested ethanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. Samples with a dry extract concentration of 500g/L showed the largest growth inhibition zones. The most sensitive strains to these extracts were P. aeruginosa (24mm), S. lutea (23mm), and S. pneumoniae (22mm). The smallest inhibition zones were observed for B. subtilis (17mm). The essential oil showed weaker antimicrobial activity (growth inhibition zone 8-10mm). The GC-MS method identified 22 major components of the essential oil, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, unsaturated terpene alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, sesquiterpene, phytyl ester of linoleic acid, nitrogen compound, phytosterol, terpene ketone, phenylpropanoids, aliphatic alcohol, diterpenoid, aromatic aldehyde, and aliphatic carboxylic acid. The conducted research has shown that ethanolic extracts from Sanguisorbae herba are a valuable source of compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant potential, including phenolic acids. The fact that selected phenolic acids contained in the tested extract have the ability to permeate and accumulate in the skin provides the basis for conducting extended research on the use of extracts from this plant raw material in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations applied to the skin.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial emulsions with amphiphilic olive extract, nanocellulose-stabilized thyme oil and common salts for active paper-based packaging

Anionic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used to stabilize emulsions that combined water-soluble (and oil-soluble), strongly antioxidant extracts with a water-immiscible, notably antimicrobial essential oil. Specifically, the radical scavenging activity was primarily provided by aqueous extracts from olive fruit (Olea europaea L.), while the antimicrobial effects owed eminently to thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.). The resulting emulsions were highly viscous at low shear rate (4.4 Pa·s) and displayed yield stress. The addition of edible salts decreased the yield stress, the apparent viscosity and the droplet size, to the detriment of stability at ionic strengths above 50 mM. Once characterized, the antioxidant and antimicrobial emulsions were applied on packaging-grade paper. Coated paper sheets inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, a common foodborne pathogen, and acted as antioxidant emitters. In this sense, the release to food simulants A (ethanol 10 vol%), B (acetic acid 3 wt%), and C (ethanol 20 vol%) was assessed. A 24-hour exposure of 0.01 m2 of coated paper to 0.1 L of these hydrophilic simulants achieved inhibition levels of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in the 15–29 % range. All considered, the bioactive properties of thyme essential oil towards lipophilic food products can be complemented with the antioxidant activity of aqueous olive extracts towards hydrophilic systems, resulting in a versatile combination for active food packaging.

The Effect of the Extraction Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds Content in Ethanolic Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Root.

Ethanolic extracts of Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) root were obtained using various techniques, such as maceration, maceration with shaking, ultrasound-assisted extraction, reflux extraction, and Soxhlet extraction. The influence of the type and time of isolation technique on the extraction process was studied, and the quality of the obtained extracts was determined by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods to find the optimal extraction conditions. Radical scavenging activity of the extracts was analyzed using DPPH assay, while total phenolic content (TPC) was analyzed by the method with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Application of gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS) enabled the identification of some bioactive substances and a comparison of the composition of the particular extracts. The Baikal skullcap root extracts characterized by both the highest antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds were obtained in 2 h of reflux and Soxhlet extraction. The main biologically active compounds identified in extracts by the GC-MS method were wogonin and oroxylin A, known for their broad spectrum of biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and others.

Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of Centaurea stapfiana extracts and their HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS profiles: Insights into an unexplored Centaurea species

The members of the genus Centaurea have a great interest in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields due to their biological potential. Based on this information, we aimed to evaluate the biological properties (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity) and chemical profile of the extract of Centaurea stapfiana, an unstudied species. The highest total phenolic content was found in the ethanol/water extract with 32.17 mg GAE/g. A total of 102 of them were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis. These compounds were mainly hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid as well as flavonoids. In the antioxidant tests, the ethanol/water extract had the best free radical scavenging and reducing ability. However, in the enzyme inhibition test, the ethanol extract was the most active. The extracts were also tested on two tumour cell lines (RAW 264.7 and HepG2) and one non-tumour cell line (S17). The ethanol extract showed the promising effect on HepG2 (cell viability: 28.6 % at 50 g/ml). Furthermore, we examined the interactions between the compounds and enzymatic and cellular targets. A good interaction was found between quercetin-3-xylosyl-(1- > 6)-glucoside and iNOS. In summary, our results suggest that C. stapfiana can be considered as a versatile raw material for the development of health-promoting applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields.

Qualitative and quantitative determination of antioxidant activity of Aloe vera gel powder extracts

Qualitative and quantitative determination of antioxidant activity of Aloe vera gel powder extracts

Phytochemical profiling and antibacterial activities of Ziziphora tenuior root extracts: a molecular docking against VanA of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Medicinal plants, renowned for their antibacterial phytocompounds and secondary metabolites, hold significant promise in addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This study aimed to conduct phytochemical profiling of the methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Ziziphora tenuior root using the GC-MS technique. These extracts' antioxidant potential was assessed via DPPH assay and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against S. aureus, E. coli, and VRE bacterial strains. Furthermore, the drug-ligand interactions between the extracts' biocompounds and d-alanyl-d-lactate ligase (VanA) protein of vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (VRE) were analyzed using molecular docking. Based on the results, 74% of methanolic extract consisted of (3methyl, 24S)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol (which is a β-sitosterol), followed by Tetrasiloxane, decamethyl (15.5%), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one (10.5%). Also, the only predominant compound identified in the dichloromethane extract was Benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl-. Both extracts showed antioxidant activity, while the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract (IC50 = 95.33μg/ml) was significantly higher than that of the dichloromethane extract (IC50 = 934.23μg/ml). Also, both extracts displayed substantial antibacterial efficacy against the tested pathogens, particularly against VRE. Moreover, the in silico analysis revealed that (3methyl, 24S)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol and Benzo[h]quinoline,2,4-dimethyl- exhibited notable interactions with VanA through docking energy values of -9.0 and -9.1kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds formed 2 and 1 hydrogen bonds with VanA, respectively, highlighting their potential as effective interactants. These findings provide valuable visions into the therapeutic potentials of these plant-derived biocompounds in combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.

Detection of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Components from Crude Extracts of Hibiscus Arnottianus A. Gray flowers using HPTLC-Bioautographic Technique

Abstract: Hibiscus arnottianus belonging to family, malvaceae, is a herb used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation and renal diseases. Methanolic extract of Hibiscus arnottianus flower was fractionated using different solvents of increasing polarity like petroleum ether, ethylacetate, methanol and water. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, flavonoids, tannin. Methanolic extract of hibiscus arnottianus flower was screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The test microorganisms includ Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was concluded that Hibiscus arnottianus flowers extract was well effective against all these microorganisms. HPTLC-DPPH assays were used to identify the antioxidant activity of flower extract. This activity was estimated by HPTLC bioautographic method by using the mobile phase Chloroform:Ethyl Acetate:Methanol:Water (2.8:5.2:1.6:0.4 v/v/v/v). There was a successful chromatogram developed and detection of a band in the sample was observed. Later, the band showing antioxidant characteristic property was identified by DPPH Assay.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Cultivars Extracts from Jeju Island

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Cultivars Extracts from Jeju Island

Activity Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Fitokimia Daun Benalu (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb.) yang Tumbuh pada Ketinggian Tempat dan Inang Berbeda

Restrictions on synthetic antioxidants in several countries have caused the global community to switch to using natural antioxidants. One source of natural antioxidants is mistletoe leaves (Loranthus ferrugineus Roxb.).The presence of mistletoe in a place and host is an important aspect to pay attention to to get the best antioxidants. This research aims to determine the effect of different altitudes and host types on the antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of mistletoe leaves. This research was structured in a split-plot design with 2 factors, namely altitude (lowland and medium land) and host types (avocado, lime, cocoa, and dogfruit). Antioxidant activity test using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and phytochemical screening using reagents. Variables observed included extract yield percentage, antioxidant activity (IC50 value), and phytochemical screening. The results showed that altitude and host type significantly affected the antioxidant activity of mistletoe leaves. Mistletoe leaves in avocado hosts in the lowlands and medium land showed the best antioxidant activity, namely 155,94 µg/mL and 156,25 µg/mL in the weak antioxidant category, and the highest phytochemical content, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti-edematous activities of aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latilolius (sm.) Bruce ripe fruits in rat

Background: The vegetative system of Sarcocephalus latifolius represents a natural source of active substances, as the species is used in traditional african medicine to treat several diseases involving inflammation and oxidation. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius ripe fruits in rats. Material and method: DPPH radical scavenging and iron reduction were used to assess antioxidant activity in vitro. Rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran and formalin was used to assess acute and subacute anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Results: Extract at 10 mg/mL yielded 92.95±11.44 mg EAG/g total polyphenols, 0.082±0.005 mg ERu/g total flavonoids and 0.14 ± 0.003 mg EAT/g condensed tannins. Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius ripe fruits showed DPPH radical inhibition with an IC50 greater than 25 μg/mL. DPPH inhibition by gallic acid was 92.91% at 25 μg/mL. IC50 of ascorbic acid and aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius on Fe3+reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were 18.9 μg/mL and 111.6 μg/mL, respectively. For carrageenan, the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius ripe fruits showed a maximal anti-inflammatory effect at five hours, with inhibitions (p<0.05) of 48.49% at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 56.16% at 300 mg/kg. For dextran, the inhibitions (p<0.01) observed at the thirtieth minute were 34.55% at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 44.44% at 300 mg/kg. For formalin, significant inhibitions (p<0.05) on the first day were 29.19% at 200 mg/kg and 30.60% at 300 mg/kg.