Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Ethanol Extract Research Articles

Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Caryota urens Lour Fruits on Freund's Complete Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Caryota urens Lour Fruits on Freund's Complete Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Terminalia bellirica Extract Suppresses SARS-Cov-2 Nucleocapsid-Induced Inflammation in A549 Cells

SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a host-immune response via cytokine release that, when excessive, leads to severe inflammation and life-threatening complications. To reduce the risks associated with cytokine storms, alternative approaches are needed. Traditional Thai herbal extracts are recognized for their potential as safe and effective anti-inflammatory agents against various diseases. Hence, this study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extracts from Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, and Andrographis paniculata in reducing inflammation in the A549 alveolar basal epithelial cell lines. We conducted a comparative analysis of the anti-inflammation efficacy of four extracts in reducing the COX-2 upregulation induced by TNF-α stimulation in A549 cells. Among them, T. bellirica exhibited the highest effectiveness in reducing COX-2 levels to 0.38-fold. Furthermore, we validated the anti-inflammation properties of T. bellirica in diminishing inflammation-induced SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. Lentivirus transduction expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including TNF-α, IL-8, CXCL-10, and COX-2. Interestingly, treatment with sublethal doses of T. bellirica (30 and 60 μg/mL) led to a significant reduction in COX-2 expression by 30% and 70%, TNF-α by 46% and 75%, IL-8 by 39% and 48%, and CXCL-10 by 46% and 80%, respectively. These findings confirm the potent anti-inflammatory effects of T. bellirica, highlighting its potential as a novel treatment for alleviating the severity of cytokine storms in SARS-CoV-2 and related diseases.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Lindera glauca Extracts

Introduction: The current study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Lindera glauca twig (LGT) and leaf/stem (LGLS). Methods: The antioxidant activities were measured by total content of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging, and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, protein and mRNA expression of major inflammatory factors were analyzed using Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Results: The total polyphenol content of LGT and LGLS was 88.45 ± 11.74 and 115.75 ± 7.87 GA mg/g, respectively. The total flavonoid content was 66 ± 2.89 and 74.33 ± 2.89 QE mg/g. Both LGT and LGLS showed high DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities. Neither LGT nor LGLS was cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activities were measured by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. LGT and LGLS showed inhibition of the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 at the protein and mRNA levels, as determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 mRNA expression levels of these cytokines was reduced by LGT and LGLS. Conclusion: These results suggest that LGT and LGLS extracts have potential for use as a functional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredient in cosmetic industry.

The Phenolic Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Polish Propolis on Activated Human Gingival Fibroblasts-1 Cell Line.

Propolis, owing to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, acts as a cariostatic agent, capable of preventing the accumulation of dental plaque and inhibiting inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of propolis are attributed to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is present in European propolis. The objective of the conducted study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the Polish ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and isolated CAPE on stimulated with LPS and IFN-α, as well as the combination of LPS and IFN-α. The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds was determined using the MTT assay. The concentrations of specific cytokines released by the HGF-1 cell line following treatment with EEP (25-50 µg/mL) or CAPE (25-50 µg/mL) were assessed in the culture supernatant. In the tested concentrations, both CAPE and EEP did not exert cytotoxic effects. Our results demonstrate that CAPE reduces TNF-α and IL-6 in contrast to EEP. Propolis seems effective in stimulating HGF-1 to release IL-6 and IL-8. A statistically significant difference was observed for IL-8 in HGF-1 stimulated by LPS+IFN-α and treated EEP at a concentration of 50 µg/mL (p = 0.021201). Moreover, we observed that CAPE demonstrates a stronger interaction with IL-8 compared to EEP, especially when CAPE was administered at a concentration of 50 µg/mL after LPS + IFN-α stimulation (p = 0.0005). Analysis of the phenolic profile performed by high-performance liquid chromatography allowed identification and quantification in the EEP sample of six phenolic acids, five flavonoids, and one aromatic ester-CAPE. Propolis and its compound-CAPE-exhibit immunomodulatory properties that influence the inflammatory process. Further studies may contribute to explaining the immunomodulatory action of EEP and CAPE and bring comprehensive conclusions.

Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. in the healing process of incisional wounds in mice

Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum L. in the healing process of incisional wounds in mice

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ethanolic Extract of Bougainvillea x buttiana on LPS-induced J774A.1 macrophages

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ethanolic Extract of Bougainvillea x buttiana on LPS-induced J774A.1 macrophages

Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Flower and Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Occur via Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZ) and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) are both traditional Korea herbal medicines, which is widely used to treat fever, cough, gastritis, and women's diseases that may be linked to inflammatory response. Although it has been used to treat diseases related to inflammation, there has been no case of the synergistic anti-inflammatory properties of both extracts. Our data revealed that ethanol extracts of dried whole CZ exhibited free radical-scavenging capacity in vitro, reduced LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species, and decreased the LPS-induced upregulations of the mRNAs encoding iNOS, COX-2, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, without significant cytotoxicity. This anti-inflammatory effect was most evident from flower extracts: ethanol extracts from flowers significantly reduced the LPS-induced upregulations of iNOS and COX-2 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. An ethanol extract of the fruit from CT also exerted a radical scavenging capacity and suppressed LPS-induced proinflammatory gene expression: 5.5 μg/ml of the ethanol extract significantly reduced the ability of LPS to induce the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and IL-6 without apparent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, as little as 1.0 μg/ml of the combined ethanol extracts of CZ flower and CT fruit reduced the LPS-induced changes monitored herein, decreasing the upregulations of iNOS and IL-6, and decreasing the nuclear localization of NF-κB p65. These results suggest that the observed synergistic anti-inflammatory effects may be mediated via inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that ethanol extracts from CZ flowers and CT fruits have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and that a combination of the two extracts could prove useful for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.

Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. (EEP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0-200 µg/mL EEP or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor Kappa B alpha (Iκ B-α) and p38. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κ B p65). Additionally, the anti-oxidant potential of EEP was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) radical and nitrite scavenging activity were also measured. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EEP were 23.50±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 43.78±3.81 mg rutin equivalent/100 g. With EEP treatment (100 and 150 µg/mL), there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, with EEP treatment (150 µg/mL), there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, P<0.01 or P<0.05), by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κ B p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, EEP (100 and 150 µg/mL) led to an increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activity of SOD and CAT, with a concomitant decrease in ROS production (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EEP also indicated the DPPH, OH, O2- radical and nitrite scavenging activity. EEP inhibited inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through blocking MAPK/NF-κ B pathway and protected against oxidative stress.

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of <i>Annona muricata</i>

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., Quercetin, and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Adipose Tissue in Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity.

Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, which triggers a low-grade chronic inflammatory process. Currently, the search for compounds with anti-obesogenic effects that help reduce body weight, as well as associated comorbidities, continues. Among this group of compounds are plant extracts and flavonoids with a great diversity of action mechanisms associated with their beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects and/or as signaling molecules. In the bark of Tabebuia rosea tree, there are different classes of metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties, such as quercetin. Therefore, the present work studied the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. rosea and quercetin on the mRNA of inflammation markers in obesity compared to the drugs currently used. Total RNA was extracted from epididymal adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats treated with orlistat, phentermine, T. rosea extract, and quercetin. The rats treated with T. rosea and quercetin showed 36 and 31% reductions in body weight compared to the obese control, and they likewise inhibited pro-inflammatory molecules: Il6, Il1b, Il18, Lep, Hif1a, and Nfkb1 without modifying the expression of Socs1 and Socs3. Additionally, only T. rosea overexpressed Lipe. Both T. rosea and quercetin led to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, modifying signaling pathways, which led to the regulation of the obesity-inflammation state.

Uji Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Batang Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Terhadap Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar

Inflammation is a response to tissue damage due to various adverse stimuli, both chemical and mechanical, infections and foreign bodies such as bacteria and viruses. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of karamunting stems. Karamunting stems were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Each anti-inflamatory test was divided into five groups, namely the negative control group (CMC Na), the positive control group (Diclofenac Na), the Karamunting stem extract test group (dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/Kg BW, and 400 mg/kg). kg BW). Anti-inflammatory test using the Rat hind paw edema method induced by 1% carrageenan. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test and then continued with a one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of karamunting stems had an anti-inflammatory effect at doses of 200 mg/Kg BW and 400 mg/Kg BW.the karamunting stem could provide an analgesic effect at a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW.

Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera root in combination with doxycycline in rotenone induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cell lines

Introduction and Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that destroys dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal area of the midbrain this results in a movement difficulty characterised by tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability The present in vitro study is designed to assess the beneficial (cytoprotectant and anti-inflammatory) and cyto-toxicological effects of ethanolic Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract (EWSR) in presence of Rotenone (ROT) and other known neuroprotectants (Doxycycline and Ellagic acid). Materials and Methods: The nine groups used in the in vitro studies were normal control, positive control (Rotenone or Rot), W. somnifera root extract (EWSR), Doxycycline (Doxy), Ellagic acid (EA), ROT with EWSR, ROT with doxy, ROT with EA, ROT with EWSR-doxy, and ROT with EWSR-doxy-EA. The EWSR, doxy and EA treatment was started on the 24th hour following the rotenone administration and continued for the next 36 hours. After the 36th hour of protective therapy, quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines (ELISA), cell viability or analyses of neuronal cell loss, cell cycle analysis and molecular analysis (RTPCR) was performed as a part of assessment. Results: Observations from the present in vitro studies clearly demonstrate the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of EWSR, and these beneficial or protective effects got enhanced when treated in combination with Doxy and EA indicating synergistic effect in the cells that were priorly treated with ROT, and later treated with EWSR, Doxy, and EA individually and in combination. Conclusion: The findings imply that EWSR reduces the in vitro effects of ROT by acting as an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent.

UJI EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN LIDAH MERTUA TERHADAP VOLUME UDEM BUATAN PADA MENCIT

The research of anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of leaves Sansevieria trifasciata in mice, the aim of this research to determining the extract of leaf at a concentration of carriage provides anti inflammatory effects of optimal. This study used 25 mice divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 5 mice, group I as a control group given Na.CMC, group II, III, and IV were each given leaf extract ethanolic Sansevieria trifasciata 5% b/v, 10% b/v, and 15% b/v. As group as the diclofenac sodium suspension 0,02% b/v as a comparison. The after at 15 minutes of treatment, and then injected into the egg whites as the induction of oedema. Evalution volume of oedema was done by measuring the volume using pletysmometer of oedema. The results showed than in leaf extract ethanolic Sansevieria trifasciata with concentration 5% b/v, 10% b/v, and 15% b/v can have anti inflammatory effects. Oedema volume reduction effect on leaf extract ethanolic Sansevieria trifasciata 15% b/v, as same as the effects of diclofenac sodium suspension 0,02% b/v

Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos leaves on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema

Background: Inflammation is an essential biological protective response of the body which can occur due to various external and internal stimuli. Although it is an essential response, excess inflammation can be detrimental and hence it should be controlled with appropriate medication. Aims and Objectives: To assess the anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic extract of Aegle marmelos leaves in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male adult Wistar albino rats weighing approximately 150–200 g were used in the study. Acute anti-inflammatory activity was tested by employing a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. 24 rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. The study was conducted with Group I as the control group. Groups II and III received indomethacin (25 mg/kg) and 200 mg/kg of extract respectively. Group IV received extract and half dose of indomethacin (12.5 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory property was expressed in terms of percentage inhibition (PI). Statistical analysis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance, following which Tukey’s post hoc test was done for multiple comparisons. P &lt; 0.05 was considered to be a statistically significant value. Results: Mean paw edema was significantly reduced in both Groups III and IV at all hours of inflammation compared to control. Group III exhibited maximum PI of 27% at 4 h and Group IV exhibited maximum PI of 49% at 6 h of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of Group IV was comparable to Group II. Conclusion: As a result of the above findings it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of Aegle leaf has significant anti-inflammatory properties.

Agastache rugosa inhibits LPS-induced by RAW264.7 cellular inflammation and ameliorates oesophageal tissue damage from acute reflux esophagitis in rats

Agastache rugosa is a kind of herbal plant with good biological activity, which is used for both medicine and food. It is mainly used for the treatment of gastritis, heat stroke and other diseases. Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence and a younger age group of patients, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of Agastache rugosa at the cellular level and the protective effect on exophages injury in rats with acute reflux esophagitis were determined. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Agastache rugosa reduced the expression of cytokines and effectively inhibited the cellular inflammation regulated by NF-κB. In addition, the injury state of rat exophages tissue was significantly improved and the expression of inflammatory factors in exophages tissue was inhibited. Thus, the ethanol extract of Agastache rugosa exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activity and has the potential as a natural medicinal resource for the treatment of reflux esophagitis.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ferula assafoetida Oleo-Gum-Resin (Asafoetida) against TNF-α-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).

Inflammation is the body's biological reaction to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent studies have demonstrated several anti-inflammatory properties of Ferula species. In this paper, we decided to study the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin (asafoetida) against TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were cultured in a flat-bottom plate and then treated with ethanolic extract of asafoetida (EEA, 0-500 μg/ml) and TNF-α (0-100 ng/ml) for 24 h. We used the MTT test to assess cell survival. In addition, the LC-MS analysis was performed to determine the active substances. HUVECs were pretreated with EEA and then induced by TNF-α. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to HUVECs were evaluated with DCFH-DA and CFSE fluorescent probes, respectively. Gene expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin and surface expression of ICAM-1 protein were measured using real-time PCR and flow cytometry methods, respectively. While TNF-α significantly increased intracellular ROS formation and PBMC adhesion to TNF-α-induced HUVECs, the pretreatment of HUVECs with EEA (125 and 250 μg/ml) significantly reduced the parameters. In addition, EEA pretreatment decreased TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of VCAM-1 and surface protein expression of ICAM-1 in the target cells. Taken together, the results indicated that EEA prevented ROS generation, triggered by TNF-α, and inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, leading to reduced PBMC adhesion. These findings suggest that EEA can probably have anti-inflammatory properties.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Whole Onion (Allium cepa L.) with Leaves

This study was conducted to evaluate and to increase the usage of the whole onion (Allium cepa L.), which is composed of a small bulb and many leaves that are discarded as by-products before the bulbs grow. Whole onions are harvested early in immature condition, which allows the other onion bulbs to grow well. We compared its functional activities with those of quercetin, which is one of its major components. The antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from the whole onion (WOEE) were measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The anti-inflammatory effects of WOEE were investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with LPS by analyzing cytokine levels and expressions using ELISA kits and RT-PCR assays, respectively. WOEE showed high antioxidant effects on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and SOD and CAT activities. WOEE significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and/or their mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicated that whole onions had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which were comparable with quercetin and may be used as a novel potential therapeutic candidate.

KEBO LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Euphorbia hirta L.) ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN FEMALE WHITE RATS DETERMINED USING ARTIFICIAL UDEMA METHOD

An ordinary protective reaction to tissue damage brought on by physical trauma, chemical agents, or harmful microbiological agents is inflammation. The kebo excerpt plant has significant amounts of flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study used the artificial udema method to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Kebo Petikan leaves (Euphorbia hirta L.) ethanol extract in female white rats. This study applied a subcutaneous 1% carrageenine inducer as an anti-inflammatory drug on the soles of rats' feet. Following the injection of the test material at doses of 26 mg, 52 mg, and 104 mg, a decrease in volume was the metric that was observed. The results of the study showed the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of kebo petikan leaves at a dose of 26 mg/5ml had a strength of 32.3%, a dose of 52 mg/5ml had a strength of 78.48 %, and a dose of 104 mg/5ml had a strength of 91.46% compared to drugs.

Phytochemical Analysis, Safety Profile, Analgesic, and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ethanol Extract of Allium fistulosum L.

The study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical, safety profile, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of A. fistulosum. Fifty mice were divided into 5 groups randomly to determine the analgesic activity by using the tail-flick method and hot plate method respectively. Normal saline 5 ml/kg was given to group 1 orally whereas A. fistulosum was administered orally to groups 2, 3, and 4 at a dose of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg respectively. Aspirin 300 mg/kg was given orally as a standard drug to a group of 5 animals. Acetic acid-induced writhing test were carried out in mice to evaluate peripheral analgesic activity. Animals were divided into 5 groups. Group1 act as a control group. Group 2 received Diclofenac Sodium whereas group 3, 4 and 5 received 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg of ethanol extract of A.fistulosum respectively. An anti-inflammatory effect was carried out on 50 rats. 1% carrageenan was used to induce edema in the paw. Group 1 acted as a control group whereas the other three groups received A. fistulosum at a dose of 200, 400, and, 600 mg/kg. The fifth group was given the standard drug Ibuprofen. The phytochemical evaluation was performed to reveal the constituents present in the ethanol extract of A. fistulosum. The screening demonstrates that pharmacologically active components such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, glycosides, phenols, and tannins were present. The increase in latency period has been seen in all three groups of animals receiving A. fistulosum which shows an analgesic effect. The paw thickness of animals treated with ethanol extract at all three doses was also found to be significantly reduced. The safety profile of A. fistulosum was accessed by Lorke’s method which was found safe at the treated dose. In conclusion, the study shows the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Ethanol extract of A. fistulosum, which was predominantly attributable to the presence of phytochemical compounds like flavonoids.

Evaluation of bioactive compound content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of the seed of Cucumis metuliferus fruit

Cucumis metuliferus commonly called Kiwano is a well-known plant in the middle belt area of Nigeria. It is consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study evaluated the bioactive compound content, In-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract of the seed of Cucumis metuliferus fruit. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, iron reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation tests. Ascorbic acid served as standard. The anti-inflammatory activity at concentration of 200-1000 µg/ml was measured In-vitro using anti-proteinase activity, membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation assay systems. Aspirin and diclofenac were used as reference drugs. The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenol, flavonoid, beta carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid. From the result, the seed extract contains phenol (149.40±9.93 mgGAE/g), flavonoids (97.84±2.84 mgCE/g), beta carotene (0.110±0.001 mg/g), lycopene (0.085±0.001 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (0.190±0.028 mgAA/g). In the antioxidant assays, the antioxidant activities were dependent on the concentration. At lower concentrations, the seed extract displayed higher activity in all the assays compared with the standard. The DPPH scavenging and lipid inhibition abilities of the seed were more potent with lower IC50 while the reductive potential of the standard was better. From the anti-inflammatory assays, the seed extract exhibited anti-proteinase activity of 0-8.78%, membrane stabilization (inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis) activity of 5.13-20.51% and percent inhibition of albumin denaturation of 0.78-16.15%. These results showed that ethanol extract of Cucumis metuliferus seed contains bioactive compounds which are beneficial to health and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities.