Anticholinesterase Activities Of Extracts Research Articles

In vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of Aristolochia longa L.

Background: Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae), known as Berreztam, is frequently used in traditional medicine to manage several diseases and has been the subject of several studies. However, its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) has not yet been reported. Thus, the present work aimed to study the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts from different parts of A. longa from the Mila region (Algeria). Methods: Phytochemical screening and quantitative determination of total phenolic, flavonoids, and flavonols were performed by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using four complementary tests (ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and β-carotene-linoleic acid), and the inhibitory effect of the extracts on AChE and BChE was carried out by Elman’s method. Results: Polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, and terpenes were revealed in the extracts, while saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, and mucilages were absent. The plant was found to have high levels of phenolic compounds (values between 46.33 ± 8.39 176.56 ± 4.00 mg/g), with the leaves being found to be the richest part. Methanolic extract of leaves and stems showed the highest antioxidant activity evaluated. The extracts showed negligible inhibitory effect on AChE but showed a potential effect on BChE, especially the methanolic extract of roots was the most potent (IC50=23.09 ± 1.81 μg/mL). Conclusion: These results suggest a possible use of the different parts of Aristolochia longa as a source of bioactive compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-butyrylcholinesterase properties.

In vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Extracts from the Leaves of Cassia moschata Kunth

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is the most common cause of dementia. This disease commonly occurs in elderly people. The increase in life expectancy means that that the number of people suffering from AD is expected to rise each year if there is no effective treatment found. The relation of cholinesterase and oxidative stress to Alzheimer’s disease has been reported. In our previous study, we have investigated the potency of the ethanolic extract of Cassia moschata leaves as an anticholinesterase. The current study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. moschata as well as to determine the total phenolic content (TPC). Two different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The anticholinesterase assay was carried out against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) according to the modified Ellman’s method. The TPC was determined by a colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, and employing gallic acid as a reference. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. moschata demonstrated antioxidant activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays. There were statistically significant differences in the IC50 values of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts in both DPPH and ABTS assays. The aqueous extract exhibited a lower IC50 value compared to the ethanolic extract. The IC50 value for the aqueous extract was 36.46 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, and 10.61 µg/mL in the ABTS method compared to IC50 38.74 µg/mL and 17.17 µg/mL for the ethanolic extract, respectively. Meanwhile, the ethanolic extract showed higher potency as anticholinesterase with the IC50 value of 44.43 µg/mL compared to the aqueous extract with an IC50 value of 114.60 µg/mL. The TPC measurement revealed that the aqueous extract has a higher amount of phenolic than the ethanolic extract. These data suggest that the aqueous extract from the leaves of C. moschata has a higher ability to scavenge free radicals compared to the ethanolic extract, which also contains a higher amount of phenolic compounds. However, the high content of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract did not correspond to the anticholinesterase activity. The presence of non-phenolic compounds may also contribute to the anticholinesterase activity in the ethanolic extract.

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Extracts and Phytochemicals of Syzygium antisepticum Leaves.

Bioassay-guided separation of young leaves extracts of Syzygium antisepticum (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry led to the isolation of four triterpenoids (betulinic acid, ursolic acid, jacoumaric acid, corosolic acid) and one sterol glucoside (daucosterol) from the ethyl acetate extract, and three polyphenols (gallic acid, myricitrin, and quercitrin) from the methanol (MeOH) extract. The MeOH extract of S. antisepticum and some isolated compounds, ursolic acid and gallic acid potentially exhibited acetylcholinesterase activity evaluated by Ellman’s method. The MeOH extract and its isolated compounds, gallic acid, myricitrin, and quercitrin, also strongly elicited DPPH radical scavenging activity. In HEK-293 cells, the MeOH extract possessed cellular antioxidant effects by attenuating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced ROS production and increasing catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and glutathione reductase (GRe). Furthermore, myricitrin and quercitrin also suppressed ROS production induced by H2O2 and induced GPx-1 and catalase production in HEK-293 cells. These results indicated that the young leaves of S. antisepticum are the potential sources of antioxidant and anticholinesterase agents. Consequently, S. antisepticum leaves are one of indigenous vegetables which advantage to promote the health and prevent diseases related to oxidative stress.

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Ferulago syriaca Boiss. and F. isaurica Peșmen growing in Turkey

Ferulago species have been utilized since ancient times as anthelmintic, digestive, sedative, and aphrodisiac, along with salads or as seasoning in view of their special odors. The study reports the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of extracts, fractions from roots, and aerial parts together with isolated compounds from chloroform fractions of roots [isoimperatorin (1), bergapten (2), prantschimgin (3), xanthotoxin (4), and felamidin (5)] from Ferulago syriaca Boiss. and F. isaurica Peșmen. The phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were performed with Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol indicator, qualitative and quantitative Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and TBA methods. In addition, anticholinesterase activity was carried out via Ellman’s method. The highest total phenolic content was found in the EtOAc fraction from the root of F. syriaca (1156.01 ± 4.92 mg/g), on the other hand, the lowest total phenolic content was shown in the hexane fraction from the root of F. isaurica (12.45 ± 4.45 mg/g). All samples showed antioxidant activity with DPPH test and the highest activities were observed in CHCl3 fractions of roots from F. syriaca and F. isaurica (9.99 and 8.78 μg/mL, respectively). The CHCl3 fraction of root from F. isaurica was found to have strong inhibition against AChE (46.99%) and BuChE (88.56 ± 2.34%) at 20 µg/mL. Prantschimgin (74.82%) and felamidin (77.11%) demonstrated strong inhibition toward BuChE. CHCl3 fractions of roots from these species had notable antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. It displayed inhibitory activities on AChE and BuChE, and moreover considerable antioxidant activity.

Phenanthrene and dihydrophenanthrene derivatives from Dioscorea communis with anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities

Five phenanthrene and two dihydrophenanthrene derivatives were isolated from the diethyl ether extract of fresh rhizomes of Dioscorea communis (L.), among them a phenanthrentriol 1 reported for the first time from Dioscoreaceae family and two dihydrophenanthrene derivatives 6 and 7 reported also for the first time from Dioscorea species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, 1D-, 2D-NMR, and MS techniques. The anticholinesterase activity of extracts and four compounds was evaluated for the first time against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes using Ellman method. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of extracts and three compounds has been investigated using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical decolorization, CUPRAC, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays.

Anticholinesterase activities of methanol extract and partitioned fractions of <i>Acanthospermum hispidum</i> DC

Age related memory loss is a common occurrence in traditional medical practice and several medicinal plants have been used over the years for managing it. Acanthospermum hispidum DC (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant that has been included in traditional preparations used in the management of memory loss. In clinical practice however, anticholinesterases have remained relevant in managing memory and cognition dysfunction associated both with old age and certain neurodegenerative diseases. In vitro anticholinesterase activity of extracts and fractions of A. hispidum was done using Ellman’s colorimetric and TLC bioautography assay with eserine as control. The ethyl acetate fraction of A. hispidum showed highest inhibition to acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (91.11% and 64.31%, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. A. hispidum presents a good prospect in the development of cholinesterase inhibitors for the management of memory-related disorders. Keywords: Acanthospermum hispidum , Anticholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase

Evaluation of the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of extracts from Aspidosperma spp.

Evaluation of the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of extracts from Aspidosperma spp.

Anticholinesterase Activity of Astragalus gombiformis Extracts

This study aims to evaluate the anticholinesterase activity of different extracts of Astragalus gombiformis Pomel, a wild desert species of Tunisia flora. The anticholinesterase activity of extracts was measured by the colorimetric method of Ellman et al. using human plasma as enzyme source. The effects of the incubation time and the temperature were also studied. Our finding showed that the anticholinesterase activity can be detected after a shorter incubation time than the time generally used for this assay. The temperature of 37°C seems to be more adequate for the evaluation of anticholinesterase activity. For an incubation time of 15 min, the extracts showed different activity levels. Among them, ethyl acetate aerial part extract was found the most active, with an IC50 of 110µg/ml. Considerable anticholinesterase activity of A. gombiformis extracts was shown and this finding suggests that this species can be a possible source of anticholinesterase natural products.