Antibiotic Residues In Meat Research Articles

Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product and Probiotic Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Microflora and Immunity of Broiler Chickens.

Concern for global health security and the environment due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in meat and other livestock products has led many countries to restrict the use of antibiotics in animal feed. This experiment was performed to assess the impact of dietary supplementation of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) and a postbiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood haemato-biochemical profile, gut microflora, gut morphology, and immune response in broilers as an alternative to antimicrobials in poultry production system to minimize the effect on global health security. A total of 324 one-day-old Ven Cobb 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three dietary groups, each containing 12 replicated pens, and each replicate contained nine chickens. The dietary groups consisted of (1) a basal diet without any growth promoters (T1), (2) the basal diet augmented with Bacillus subtilis at 200 g/MT feed (T2), and (3) the basal diet supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product at 1.25 kg/MT feed (T3). To calculate body weight gain, all birds and residual feed were weighed on a replicated basis on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42; mortality was recorded daily. At the end of the trial (42 d), two chickens from each replicate were slaughtered for carcass traits, gut microflora, and morphology measurements. Blood samples were collected for the haemato-biochemical profile on 35 d and antibody titer on 28 d and 35 d. Feeding with SCFP (T3 group) significantly improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) of chickens compared to the T1 (control) and T2 (probiotic) groups from 1 to 14 days of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in SCFP-fed birds (T3) relative to the control (T1) over the entire experimental period. Carcass traits and blood haemato-biochemical parameters remained unaffected by any diets. However, cholesterol levels and concentrations of corticosterone were significantly lower in T3 compared to T2 and T1 groups. Total E. coli, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts were significantly lower in T2 and T3 groups compared to T1 group and Salmonella counts were lower in T3 when compared to T2. However, there was no significant difference in Lactobacillus count among treatment groups. A significant increase in villi height and villi-height-to-crypt-depth ratio (VH: CD) was observed in both T3 and T2 groups. On day 28, the T3 and T2 groups exhibited a significant increase in antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus. It can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product and Bacillus subtilis probiotic could be viable alternatives to antimicrobials in poultry production considering beneficial impacts in broilers fed an antibiotic-free diet.

Detection of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat in traditional markets in Surakarta City

This research aims to detect the presence of penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and macrolide antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta City. A total of 60 research samples were collected from traditional markets. Subsequently, the samples were examined at BBVet Wates, Yogyakarta, to identify the presence of antibiotic residues. The results showed that 16.67% of the chicken breast meat samples tested positive for penicillin and 10% showed traces of macrolide antibiotic residues. For chicken thigh meat, 63.33% tested positive for penicillin, while 3.33% contained macrolide antibiotic residues. However, no tetracycline and aminoglycoside antibiotic residues were detected in any of the meat samples. The presence of antibiotic residues can be attributed to several factors, including the excessive addition of antibiotics in feed, improper use of antibiotics in livestock. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that penicillin and macrolide antibiotic residues are still prevalent in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in Surakarta. This shows there is a pressing need to strengthen guidance and supervision of antibiotic use regulations, as well as to monitor antibiotic residues in the meat before it reaches the market.

Eucalyptus globulus as an Alternative to Antibiotics for Isa brown Laying Hens during the Starter Phase

Identification of antibiotic residues in meat and eggs of laying hens in Togo and the ban in 2006 on using antibiotics growth promoter (AGP) in animal production by the World Health Organization induce the use of medicinal plants with antimicrobial effects, such as AGP alternatives in poultry production. For the same purpose, this study was conducted to contribute to studies using phytobiotics as alternatives to AGP in poultry production. Indeed, antibiotics have been substituted by Eucalyptus globulus leaf powder (ELP) during the starter phase. Polyphenolic compounds from ELP were determined, and the effects of different rates of ELP supplementation on growth performance, mortality, and hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. A total of 460 one-day-old laying chicks (Isa brown) were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 4 replications, with 23 chicks in each replication. Treatments consisted of the basal diet (BD) without ELP and antibiotics, a negative control (group EGO-), BD with antibiotics and no ELP, a positive control (group EGO+), BD + 0.25% of ELP without antibiotic (group EG1), BD with 0.50% of ELP without antibiotic (group EG2), and BD with 1% ELP without antibiotic (group EG3). The rates of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% mean 0.25 kg, 0.5 kg, and 1 kg of ELP for 100 kg of BD, respectively. The study revealed that ELP contains flavonoids (4.85 μg QE/mg), tannins (30.34 μg CE/mg), and total phenols (165.2 μg AGE/mg). Supplementation did not affect feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio, and mortality of Isa brown laying hens during the starter phase (8 weeks) in all treatment groups. However, the chicks that received ELP had the best FI and BWG, which was not significantly different from the control groups. The biochemical parameters such as total proteins, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glycemia were not affected by ELP supplementation. Among the hematology parameters, the leukocyte decreased in the groups fed with ELP, while mortality was unaffected. The results of the present study indicated that ELP inclusion rate of 0.25% could serve as the best antibiotic replacement for Isa brown laying hens during the starter phase.

Detection of veterinary antibiotic residues in fresh fecal samples collected from selected pig farms in the City of Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Investigations on the presence of antibiotic residues in livestock manure are becoming an integral part on the quest against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Moreover, as a potential hazard to human health and the environment, the threat of antibiotic residues cannot be taken lightly. As one of the biggest pig producers in Eastern Visayas, the Province of Leyte, Philippines is presented with the challenge to sustain the pork requirements of the region despite its limited overall production. This study aims to determine the prevalence of antibiotic residues present in the swine manure among selected commercial piggery farms in Baybay City, Leyte. Using147 fecal samples collected from different classes of pigs and following standard microbial inhibition plate technique, this study consistently found inhibitory action against the growth of Bacillus subtilis across three pH levels from fecal samples collected from grower-finishers, and breeders unlike samples collected from both the lactating and farrowing sows. These results may provide insights and baseline information useful for similar studies on antibiotic residues in meat and meat products that may have implications on human health.

Antibiotic Residues in fresh Chicken, Fish and Beef Meat samples in ‎Maiduguri, Nigeria

Prudent use of antibiotics in animal industry is essential for treatment of diseases and preventive measure. However, uncontrolled use of these agents in large amounts and consistently could result in the formation of antibiotic residues in muscle and organs of animal. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residue in fresh meats in Maiduguri. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to December 2022 to determine the antibiotic residue in 3 sources of meat samples. A total of 150 fresh meat samples (chicken, fish and beef) were collected from different sale points Maiduguri, and analyzed using a Premi® Test kit (R-Biopharm AG, Germany), a microbial screening commercial test kit for the detection of antibiotic residues. The results showed an overall antibiotic residue of 127/150 (84.7%) meat samples were positive for antibiotic residues. High antibiotic residues was found in Chicken meats 47/50 (94%), followed by fish 43/50 (86%), and beef 37/50 (74%). The results in this study show the presence of antibiotic residues in meat. Therefore, it is recommended that effective legislation on antibiotic use in animals should be enforced.

Modulating gastrointestinal microbiota to alleviate diarrhea in calves.

The calf stage is a critical period for the development of heifers. Newborn calves have low gastrointestinal barrier function and immunity before weaning, making them highly susceptible to infection by various intestinal pathogens. Diarrhea in calves poses a significant threat to the health of young ruminants and may cause serious economic losses to livestock farms. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat diarrhea and promote calf growth, leading to bacterial resistance and increasing antibiotic residues in meat. Therefore, finding new technologies to improve the diarrhea of newborn calves is a challenge for livestock production and public health. The operation of the gut microbiota in the early stages after birth is crucial for optimizing immune function and body growth. Microbiota colonization of newborn animals is crucial for healthy development. Early intervention of the calf gastrointestinal microbiota, such as oral probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and rumen microbiota transplantation can effectively relieve calf diarrhea. This review focuses on the role and mechanisms of oral probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium in relieving calf diarrhea. The aim is to develop appropriate antibiotic alternatives to improve calf health in a sustainable and responsible manner, while addressing public health issues related to the use of antibiotics in livestock.

Investigation of Antibiotics Residues in Imported and Locally Produced Red Meat in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Background: Antibiotics are heavily used for animal treatment, growth enhancer and protection from disease. The residues of antibiotics are related to antibiotic resistance which is the biggest threats to global health, food security and development today. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of antibiotic residues in available red meat in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods: The extraction was done using QuEChERS method by Aglient and 11 standards were used. The extract was analyzed using The Aglient 6460 LC-MS/MS. Result: The results showed that investigated Omani goat muscle and liver were free of antibiotics as latter they used as blank sample. All investigated Somali goat samples didn’t contain Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Ceftiofur, Oxacillin, Deoxytetracline, Tylosin and Phenoxymethylpenicillin. Only two samples had Tilmicosin with value of 18-32.2 µl/kg which was that was lower than maxiumam residual limit (MRL). Around 48% of total somali goat samples contained Oxytetracycline (OXY) and Chlorotetracycline (CTC) with value lower than MRL. However, two samples had values of CTC and OXY exceeding the MRL. Ciprofloxacin and Enrofloxacine were detected in 9 samples exceeding the MRL. The finding of this study showed unsafe food source supply to Oman as detection of antibiotic residues in meat.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Residues in Pork in Kenya and the Potential of Using Gross Pathological Lesions as a Risk-Based Approach to Predict Residues in Meat.

The human population is growing and urbanising. These factors are driving the demand for animal-sourced proteins. The rising demand is favouring livestock intensification, a process that frequently relies on antibiotics for growth promotion, treatment and prevention of diseases. Antibiotic use in livestock production requires strict adherence to the recommended withdrawal periods. In Kenya, the risk of residues in meat is particularly high due to lack of legislation requiring testing for antibiotic residues in meat destined for the local market. We examined pig carcasses for gross pathological lesions and collected pork samples for antibiotic residue testing. Our aim was to determine if a risk-based approach to residue surveillance may be adopted by looking for an association between lesions and presence of residues. In total, 387 pork samples were tested for antibiotic residues using the Premi®Test micro-inhibition kit. The prevalence of antibiotic residues was 41.26% (95% CI, 34.53-48.45%). A logistic regression model found no significant associations between gross pathological lesions and the presence of antibiotic residues. We recommend that the regulating authorities strongly consider routine testing of carcasses for antibiotic residues to protect meat consumers. Future studies should research on farming practices contributing to the high prevalence of residues.

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Supplementation on Immune Response and Immune Organ Index in Broiler Chicks

Background: Misuse of antibiotics has led to bacterial antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in meat and egg. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of chicken intestinal-derived antimicrobial peptide as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the immune response of birds. Methods: Immune organs of randomly selected birds were collected for immune organ index. Blood samples were collected for serum to measure the antibody titre against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease virus using ELISA. Whole blood was collected to study the cytokine gene expression (IL-17A, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10) using Real-time PCR. Result: Antimicrobial peptide supplementation had no significant effect (P greater than 0.05) on the immune organ index and serum antibody Titre against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease virus on the 21st and 35th days of the study. However, it significantly (P less than 0.01) downregulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IL-17A, IFN-α, IFN-γ and upregulated IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results suggest that supplementation of antimicrobial peptide at a level of 100 mg/kg diet improved the cell-mediated immune response in broiler chicks but would not have been sufficient to enhance the humoral immune response and immune organ index in chicks.

Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines as growth factors in aquaculture: Increase of biometrical parameters versus emergence of resistant bacteria and residues in meat

Antibiotics can be used as growth promoters for fishes in aquaculture. However, its use in animal production induced an increase in the emergence of resistant microorganisms. Piaractus mesopotamicus is the second most produced fish species in Argentina. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of subtherapeutic doses of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin over biometrical parameters, the increase of resistant microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota and the presence of antibiotic residues in meat of P. mesopotamicus. 3 months old animals were fed twice a day for 120 days. Commercial balanced feed was added with either oxytetracycline (O), enrofloxacin (E) or water (C). Biometrical parameters, intestinal content (IC) and muscle samples were obtained every 30 days. IC samples were inoculated in plates with and without antibiotics while muscle samples were submitted to a microbiological method to find antibiotic residues. Treatment O maintained survival at 100%, increased mean weight and standard length and was not detected in muscle samples. However, it showed the highest increments in the number of resistant microorganisms. These results indicate that the use of subtherapeutic doses of oxytetracycline for prolonged periods induces increments in biometrical parameters leaving no residues in meat, but also promotes the development of resistant microorganisms when compared with the control group.

Bacillus Probiotics as Alternatives to In-feed Antibiotics and Its Influence on Growth, Serum Chemistry, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Lesion Scores in Disease-Challenged Broiler Chickens.

In commercial poultry production, chickens are reared under intensive conditions, which may allow infections to spread quickly. Antibiotics are used at sub-therapeutic doses in livestock and poultry feed to prevent diseases and improve productivity. However, restrictions on the use of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic concentrations in livestock feed due to growing concerns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), together with antibiotic residues in meat and eggs has prompted poultry researchers and feed producers to look for viable alternatives. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics to improve chicken productivity and health. Probiotics, specifically from the genus Bacillus have proven to be effective due to their spore-forming capabilities. Furthermore, their ability to withstand heat during feed processing and be stored for a long time without losing viability as well as their potential to function in the acidic medium of the chicken gut, provide them with several advantages over conventional probiotics. Several studies regarding the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Bacillus probiotics and their positive impact in chicken nutrition have been documented. Therefore, the present review shields light on the positive effect of Bacillus probiotics as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics on growth performance, serum chemistry, antioxidant status, intestinal histomorphology and lesion scores of disease-challenged broiler chickens and the mechanisms by which they exert their actions. It is concluded that Bacillus probiotics supplementation improve growth, health and productive indices of disease-challenged broiler chickens and can be a good alternative to in-feed antibiotics. However, more studies are required on the effect of Bacillus probiotics supplementation in broiler chickens to maximize productivity and achieve the ultimate goal of stopping the usage of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic doses in broiler chicken feed to enhance performance.

Review: antibiotic residues in meat, a public health problem in Colombia

La utilización de antibióticos en la producción animal ha representado grandes ventajas para los sistemas productivos, garantizando el control de enfermedades infecciosas que afectan la capacidad productiva de los animales, así como por su utilización como promotores de crecimiento. Por su parte, la presencia de residuos de estos fármacos en los alimentos de origen animal, especialmente en la carne, son considerados por los organismos mundiales para la seguridad e inocuidad de los alimentos como un factor de riesgo que puede afectar la salud pública, en especial los antibióticos, por la subsecuente resistencia que generan, además, de considerarse una barrera para el desarrollo económico de cualquier país por las limitaciones para expandirse a mercados internacionales. Los métodos para la detección de estos residuos son cada vez más sensibles, haciendo que para países como Colombia cobre especial importancia la reforma de las normativas, los mecanismos de control y el fortalecimiento de la capacidad tecnológica, dado el creciente interés por la exportación de la carne. Esta revisión pretende exponer los puntos más importantes de la presencia de estos residuos en la carne, incluyendo el panorama actual de la legislación nacional e internacional, así como resultados de investigaciones sobre los medicamentos más comunes que son encontrados, el efecto sobre la salud humana y los métodos más utilizados para su detección.

Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Kidney and Muscle of Beef Cattle Slaughtered in Dire Dawa and Harar Municipal Abattoirs, Eastern Ethiopia.

Background:Antibiotics are among the most widely used drugs in farm animals for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. However, the antibiotic residues in meat are a serious public health concern due to their harmful effects on consumer health. Besides this problem, there is limited information on the level of the antibiotic residues, including tetracycline residues. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the tetracycline residues in the kidney and muscle samples of beef cattle in Harar town and Dire Dawa city.Methods:A study was conducted on 500 randomly selected carcass (250 kidney and 250 muscle samples) slaughtered at Dire Dawa and Harar municipal slaughterhouses between December 2018 and December 2019. The samples were collected aseptically and screened for tetracycline residues by thin layer chromatography. Then, presumptive positive samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to get a quantitative outcome. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency, mean, or standard deviation to determine the summary values and distribution of the outcomes. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 software.Results:Out of 500 samples, oxytetracycline residues were detected in 84% of the samples. However, tetracycline and doxycycline were not detected in all samples. Among the kidney and muscle samples collected from Dire Dawa and Harar abattoirs, 109 (87.2%) and 101 (80.8%) were positive for oxytetracycline, respectively. Oxytetracycline residue levels in Dire Dawa ranged from 57 to 607 µg/kg for the kidney and 10.14 to 435 µg/kg for muscle samples. Among the samples collected from Harar, the concentration of oxytetracycline residues ranged from 16 to 433 µg/kg and 6 to 435 µg/kg for kidney and muscle samples, respectively, at Harar slaughterhouses. About 22.0% of muscle samples collected from Dire Dawa and 17.8% from Harar town had oxytetracycline residues above maximum residue limits.Conclusions:In general, the study revealed that oxytetracycline residues were prevalent among tetracycline residues analyzed from kidney and muscle samples in the study areas. Thus, there is a risk of consumer exposure to these antibiotic residues that may have human health effects. Therefore, awareness creation and strict regulation is needed by the regulatory authorities for the use of antimicrobial drugs in the livestock industry.

Knowledge and practice of cattle handlers on antibiotic residues in meat and milk in Kwara State, Northcentral Nigeria.

ObjectivesAntibiotics are important for improving animal health and production. However, the deposition of its residues in food of animal origin intended for human consumption at non-permissible levels has generated global health concern and the need to tackle this using the “One Health Approach”. This study assessed the knowledge and practice of 286 cattle handlers in Kwara State, Nigeria.MethodsA web-based cross sectional online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted from November to December, 2019. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at 95% confidence interval to determine predictors of good knowledge and practices towards Antibiotic Residues in Meat and Milk among cattle handlers.ResultsThis study revealed that majority (52.7% n = 165/286) of the cattle handlers were not aware of antibiotic residues. Knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic residues were generally poor among the study population; 36.7% and 35.5% had satisfactory knowledge and practice respectively. The age (p = 0.026), gender (p = 0.006) and business duration (p = 0.001) of participants were significantly associated with their knowledge of antimicrobial residues. The effect of education on knowledge was modified by age. The odds of having poor knowledge on antibiotic residues increased 4 times among participants who were ≤40 years old than those above 40 years (Stratum Specific OR = 3.65; CI = 1.2, 11.1; p = 0.026). Knowledge levels of participants were statistically associated with their practice levels p<0.05 (OR = 2.43; CI = 1.45. 4.06; p = 0.0006).ConclusionThis implies that poor knowledge is a risk factor to having poor practice among cattle handlers. Deliberate efforts towards educating cattle farmers on best farm practices in antibiotic use would prevent antibiotic residues in meat and milk. Also, an effective surveillance system for monitoring the use of veterinary drugs in Kwara State, Nigeria is crucial.

Optimization and Validation of a New Microbial Inhibition Test for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Living Animals Intended for Human Consumption.

Even though antibiotics are necessary in livestock production, they can be harmful not only due to their toxicity, but also in view of their contribution to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Screening tests based on microbial growth inhibition appeared to be useful tools to prevent its entry into the food chain. They have nevertheless been traditionally carried out post mortem, leading to great economical loss and harm to the environment in case a positive sample is found. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the use of a screening test as an ante mortem alternative for the detection of antibiotic residues in meat: thus, Explorer®-Blood test was optimized and validated. After adapting the procedure for matrix preparation, the assay parameters were assessed from 344 antibiotic-free blood serum samples. Limits of Detection (LoDs) were defined by spiking blood serum with several of the most common antimicrobials used in veterinary practice. LoDs were similar to those obtained for meat and were at or below the maximum residue limits set by EU legislation for muscle. Analyses of in vivo injected samples, previously characterized by LC-MS/MS, demonstrated the method’s accuracy and proved that Explorer®-Blood can be considered a suitable alternative to conventional post mortem screening methods.

Exploring miniaturized sample preparation approaches combined with LC-QToF-MS for the analysis of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in meat- and/or egg-based baby foods

Miniaturized and simplified sample preparation methods with reduced consumption of chemicals and non-halogenated solvents are presented for the determination of 12 sulfonamides in baby foods. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the identification and quantification of the compounds based on the acquisition of full spectrum at high resolution with accurate mass for precursor and its fragment ions. Three miniaturized protocols based on QuEChERS, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction or low-temperature cleanup were evaluated regarding the extraction efficiency and removal capability of matrix co-extractives. All approaches achieved satisfactory recoveries (70.0–120.0%); however, the miniaturized QuEChERS distinguished by lower co-extractives content in the final extract providing lower matrix effects. Thus, the performance characteristics of the miniaturized QuEChERS were established using different matrices: beef-, egg yolk- and vegetable-based baby food or chicken- and vegetable-based baby food, in compliance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines. The target compounds were investigated in 30 commercial baby foods.

Thin layer chromatographic detection of colistin sulfate antibiotic residues in poultry tissues

Residues of antibiotic drugs in food and food products have been received much attention in recent years because of growing food safety concerns for public health. There are serious effects of antibiotic residues in meat for human consumption (e.g., increasing antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and hypersensitivity). In this study, we used broiler chicks as a laboratory animal to detect the colistin sulfate antibiotic residue for human health concerns. The day-old broiler chicks were collected and reared for up to 31 days. The treatment was started from the day 16th until sacrifice. The chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (Group A), discriminate antibiotic group (Group B) and indiscriminate antibiotic group (Group C) on the 14th day. The discriminate group was treated with an antibiotic, colistin sulfate maintaining the withdrawal period of one week. In case of indiscriminate group the withdrawal period was not maintained and antibiotic treatment was continued till the day of sacrifice. The body weights of the birds were recorded daily. The mean body weight was highest in indiscriminate group (1261.15±16.37gm) followed by discriminate group (1156.15±18.23gm) and the lowest was in control group (1008.49±18.11gm). The differences among mean weight gain were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) in antibiotic treated group compared with control group. The Thin Layer Chromatography revealed that all the samples were positive in indiscriminate group and in case of Liver, Kidney and Spleen, it was 100%. In case of discriminate antibiotic group all the samples were positive except thigh and breast muscle and the percentage was highest in Liver sample (66.67%). There was no positive sample in control group. The results were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). From the above findings, this research could be considered a need based research in Bangladesh to ascertain the influential effect of antibiotic abuse in poultry industry.

Knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and investigation of antibiotic residues in meats in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana

The pervasiveness of antibiotic residues in animal foods undermines the safety and security of consumers. The consequences on human health through the development of antibiotic resistance is a growing disquiet to veterinary, health practitioners and stakeholders. This study evaluates the knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and the presence of antibiotic residues in chevon (lamb meat) and beef in Sunyani, Ghana. A total of 150 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, 36 samples comprising 18 beef and 18 chevon samples were analyzed for antibiotic residues using a Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Majority of the farmers kept only goats (30%), practiced the semi-intensive system (96%), had ever experienced infections on their farm (99.3%) and had ever used antibiotics (100%). The farmers used antibiotics mainly for therapeutic purposes (68%), encountered more diarrhea cases (65.3%), and used mostly tetracycline (56.7%) to treat their animals because of its effectiveness (84%). Most of the farmers confirmed they do not have in-depth knowledge in antibiotics (56%), received information about antibiotics mainly from veterinary officers (56%) and bought their antibiotics from veterinary shops/clinics (62.7%). The majority do not observe withdrawal periods (53.3%), were unaware misuse of antibiotics can promote pathogen resistance (76.5%), but knew consumption of antibiotic residues in meat will be harmful to humans (60%). The examination of the beef and chevon samples revealed the presence of amoxycilin, chlorotetracycline, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosine at varying concentrations. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were not detected in the meat samples. This study revealed that the farmers had limited knowledge in antibiotic usage and some antibiotic residues were present in chevon and beef sold in Sunyani, Ghana.

Kajian Residu Tetrasiklin HCl dalam Daging dan Hati Ayam Broiler pada Beberapa Peternakan di Kabupaten Lamongan Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet

Tetracycline HCl is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in animal feed additives to control disease caused by bacteria. The dosage of antibiotics added to animal feed is sometimes not in accordance with existing regulations, causing residues in the body to be left behind. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and levels of tetracycline HCl antibiotic residues in the meat and liver of broiler chickens on farms in Lamongan City by using the spectrophotometric method by selecting the maximum wavelength which was carried out by making the absorbance relationship curve and the wavelength of the standard solution at a certain concentration. The results of tetracycline antibiotic residues in boiler chicken meat and liver on the first farm showed that the residual levels of tetracycline HCl were 3,969.10 ± 392.32 ppm and 14,247.74 ± 2,632.63 ppm, on the second farm showed residual levels of tetracycline HCl. 5,470.03 ± 512.76 ppm and 20,464.60 ± 5,985.63 ppm, respectively, and the third farm showed that the remaining levels of tetracycline HCl were 7,032.37 ± 971.99 ppm and 19,232.71 ± 6,404.63 ppm. The results showed that the residual content of tetracycline HCl in broiler meat and liver exceeds the maximum residual content of tetracycline class of antibiotics in meat and milk based on SNI 01-6366-2000 which limits the residue to not more than 0.1 ppm.

Assessment of the Content of Antibiotic Residues in the Meat of Broilers Sold on the Markets of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)

The need in animal proteins has exponentially increased in the ivorian big cities in these latest years. It is the case of Daloa, where the broiler industry can meet the needs of meat consumers after 35 to 45 days. To respect the required time, the poultry farmers take veterinary medecins notally the antibiotics. The use of these antibiotics in veterinary medicin can lead to bioresistant phenomenon by the consumer, favorising the selection of resistant bacteries to later treatments. To protect the consumer, this study has been made to identify and quantify antibiotic residues in broiler meat. For the purpose, broilers from the farming hours in the urban zones of Daloa and ready for sale, have been sampled at random with some sellers on different markets of Daloa. The samples (15) have been analyzed by chromatography multi residue. Antibiotic analyses were performed on a SHIMADZU chromatographic set consisting of a sample changer, a high-pressure binary HPLC pump, a UV-visible absorption detector. This method permits to analyze simultaneously many families of antibiotic residues. The results of this chromatographic analysis made on this foodstuff have revealed the presence of four (4) families of antibiotics: sulfonamides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines and Fluoroquinolones. The concentration rates of samples are between 30 to 100%. The average concentration of their residues vary from 12.46 ± 21.12 to 90.80 ± 187.18 µg / Kg. These concentrations are generally lower than the safety standards (MRLs) recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. However, face to the phenomenon of boiresistance that the excessive use of the antibiotics brings about, the results of this study must prompt the public powers to set a politic to reduce their use. In fact, the breeders must be sensibilised to a correct use of antibiotics.