Antibacterial Dye Research Articles

EFFECT OF BORIC ACID ADDITION ON ANTIBACTERIAL DYE PRODUCTION

In this study, the use of interior dyes with antibacterial properties was examined. Boric acid (H3BO3), which is a cheap and easily obtainable boron compound from our country's resources, has an antibacterial effect. Within the scope of the study, firstly, boric acid mixtures were prepared in appropriate concentrations and antibacterial dye production studies were carried out by adding them to indoor dyes. The antibacterial properties of the obtained dye were investigated through the inhibition effect on E. coli bacteria and its antibacterial activity was tested, and then the brightness, density, film thickness, scorching, pencil hardness and drying time tests of the dyes and the suitability of their characteristics to TS 5808/2012 and the applicability of these dyes were evaluated. The results showed that the antibacterial effect of boric acid did not have a negative effect on the dye quality, but maintained the standard values of the dye.

Actinomycins from Soil-Inhabiting Streptomyces as Sources of Antibacterial Pigments for Silk Dyeing.

Actinobacteria produce a broad spectrum of bioactive substances that are used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology industries. This study investigates the production of bioactive substances in Streptomyces, isolated from soil under five tropical plants, focusing on their potential as natural antibacterial dyes for silk fabrics. Out of 194 isolates, 44 produced pigments on broken rice as a solid substrate culture. Eight antibacterial pigmented isolates from under Magnolia baillonii (TBRC 15924, TBRC 15927, TBRC 15931), Magnolia rajaniana (TBRC 15925, TBRC 15926, TBRC 15928, TBRC 15930), and Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (TBRC 15929) were studied in more detail. TBRC 15927 was the only isolate where all the crude extracts inhibited the growth of the test organisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518 and S. aureus DMST 4745. The bioactive compounds present in TBRC 15927 were identified through LC-MS/MS analysis as belonging to the actinomycin group, actinomycin D (or X1), X2, and X0β. Also, the ethyl acetate crude extract exhibited non-toxicity at an IC50 value of 0.029 ± 0.008 µg/mL on the mouse fibroblast L-929 assay. From the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, TBRC 15927 had 100% identity with Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T. Raw silk dyed with the positive antimicrobial TBRC 15927 extract (8.35 mg/mL) had significant (>99.99%) antibacterial properties. Streptomyces gramineus TBRC 15927 is the first actinomycin-producing strain reported to grow on broken rice and shows promise for antibacterial silk dyeing.

Copper-Treated Environmentally Friendly Antipathogenic Cotton Fabric with Modified Reactive Blue 4 Dye to Improve Its Antibacterial and Aesthetic Properties

The objectives of the present study were to develop an environmentally friendly, low-price, easy, and fast method for developing antipathogenic (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) cuprous-oxide-coated multifunctional fabrics. The fabrics were first sensitized with citric acid, and then Cu2O particles were formed using the Fehling solution method. The cuprous oxide particles were then applied to the cotton fabrics. To create the Cu2O particles, three different kinds of reducing agents with varying concentrations were used. SEM, dynamic light scattering, FTIR, EDS, and XRD were used to examine the surface morphologies and metal presences. In the second step, a reactive antibacterial dye was made (by reacting Reactive Blue 4 with triclosan). The molecular structure of the modified dye was confirmed with FTIR. The resultant antibacterial dye was applied on the copper-treated cotton fabrics in accordance with the exhaust dyeing protocol. The dyed fabrics were characterized through the colorimetric data (L*, a*, b*, C, H, and K/S), levelness of dye, fastness properties as well as exhaustion and fixation rates. Cuprous-oxide-coated fabrics were tested for antipathogenic activity using quantitative and qualitative measurement results. The fabrics treated with cuprous oxide particles reduced with sodium hydrosulfite at 1 g/L seemed to have the highest antipathogenic effect. Moreover, the versatility of the hygienically developed bioactive fabrics in terms of their comfort properties such as air permeability and stiffness were investigated. Finally, the coating’s durability was confirmed by evaluating its antibacterial properties and performing an SEM analysis after laundry.

Insights into Two Novel Orthopalladated Chromophores with Antimicrobial Activity against Escherichia coli.

Advanced chromophoric tools, besides being biologically active, need to meet the expectations of the technological demands including stability, colour retention, and proper solubility for their target. Many coordination compounds of conjugated ligands are antibacterial dyes, able to combine a strong dyeing performance with a useful biological activity. Specifically, palladium (II) complexes of Schiff base ligands are known for their relevant activity against common bacteria. In this article, we report the synthesis and comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterization of two novel Pd(II) chromophore complexes obtained from a cyclopalladated Schiff base as two different chelating azo dyes. The antibacterial response of these two novel complexes was tested against the ubiquitous Escherichia coli bacterium in an aqueous medium and revealed a noteworthy antimicrobial activity, higher than when compared with their uncoordinated biologically active ligands.

Simultaneous dyeing and antibacterial finishing of polypropylene using vinyl sulfone dye under supercritical carbon dioxide

Polypropylene fibres are difficult to dye using commonly used techniques due to the high crystallinity and non-polar aliphatic structure, that lack reactive places for dyes in the molecule. Dyeing PP fabric in scCO2 with antibacterial dyes merged the dyeing and finishing methods, resulting in a more productive technique in terms of water and energy consumption. Unmodified polypropylene fabric was dyed with 4-[2-[4-(ethenylsulphonyl)phenyl]diazenyl]-N,N-diethylbenzenamine antibacterial dye under scCO2 medium. The influences of scCO2 working parameters, such as dye concentration, pressure, dyeing time, and temperature, on fabric dye absorption expressed as color strength were studied. The color strength (K/S) was measured as well as CIELAB color parameters. The results were compared with its water dyeing analogue and it was observed that color strength as well as color depth (L) of the samples dyed in scCO2 were noticeably better than its water counterpart. In both scCO2 and water, the fastness properties (washing, rubbing, and light) of the dyed samples were excellent. Antibacterial activity of the dyed polypropylene sample in scCO2 was estimated and the results indicated good antibacterial efficiency.

Bioactive Properties of a Novel Antibacterial Dye Obtained from Laccase-Mediated Oxidation of 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic Acid.

Fungal laccase obtained from a Cerrena unicolor strain was used as an effective biocatalyst for the transformation of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid into a green-coloured antibacterial compound, which can be considered as both an antimicrobial agent and a textile dye, simultaneously. The process of biosynthesis was performed in buffered solutions containing methanol as a co-solvent, allowing better solubilisation of substrate. The transformation process was optimised in terms of the buffer pH value, laccase activity, and concentrations of the substrate and co-solvent. The crude product obtained exhibited low cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the synthesised green-coloured compound proved non-allergenic and demonstrated a high efficiency of dyeing wool fibres.

Piezoelectricity enhances MoSe2 nanoflowers adsorption of the antibacterial dye malachite green under sonication

Nanoscale piezoelectrics have recently found applications in radios, switches, tweezers, sensors, actuators, field effect transistors and piezoelectric-gated diodes. Piezoelectrics may also be used to adsorb and efficiently degrade pollutants, yet knowledge is actually scarce. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides were recently found to be piezoelectric. Here, MoSe2 nanoflowers were synthesized by the hydrothermal method then used to adsorb the malachite green dye, an antifungal and antibacterial agent for aquaculture. Results show very high dye adsorption, of 85% within 5 s under sonication, with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 208.3 mg g−1. This is explained by spontaneous physisorption via π–π stacking interactions between aromatic malachite green and electron-rich MoSe2 nanoflowers. For the first time, this work clarifies that the piezoelectric effect of the few-layered MoSe2 nanoflowers triggered by the ultrasonic vibration is a driven force for outstanding adsorption.

Extraction of natural dye powder from morinda citrifolia and its application as antibacterial dyes for cotton fabrics

Since hundreds year ago, the application of natural dyes on batik is unique procedure to obtain special fabrics and colour. Today, this technique is gaining popularity all over the world, because of the increased awareness on environmental, ecological aspects, and pollution control. In this research, extraction of dyes from wood of Morinda citrifolia using simple precipitation assisted brine solution has been investigated. The color components extracted and isolated from Morinda citrifolia plant were characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), IR techniques and reflectance methods. The natural dye extract obtained from the Morinda citrifolia was used for the dyeing of cotton fabrics. The results indicated that the extracted dye increase significant improvement in fabrics colour. The treated fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

HIF-1\u03b1- Targeting Acriflavine Provides Long Term Survival and Radiological Tumor Response in Brain Cancer Therapy

Tumor progression, limited efficacy of current standard treatments, and the rise in patient mortality are associated with gene expression caused by the synergistic action of intratumoral hypoxia and HIF-1α activation. For this reason, recent investigations have focused on HIF-targeting therapeutic agents, with encouraging preclinical and clinical results in solid tumors. Here we describe the efficacy of a HIF-1α inhibitor, Acriflavine, and demonstrate its potency against brain cancer. This safe antibacterial dye induces cell death and apoptosis in several glioma cell lines, targets HIF-1α–mediated pathways, and decreases the level of PGK1, VEGF and HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo. Administered locally via biodegradable polymers, Acriflavine provides significant benefits in survival resulting in nearly 100% long term survival, confirmed by MRI and histological analyses. This study reports preclinical evidence that this safe, small molecule can contribute to brain tumor therapy and highlights the significance of HIF-1α-targeting molecules.

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of antibacterial dye based on chitosan

A new low-molecular-weight antibacterial dye was obtained by reaction of Reactive Blue 19 and chitosan previously hydrolyzed with H2O2. The compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and antibacterial, solubility, and dyeing performance tests including color difference and fastness. The results show that chitosan dyes were generated with covalent bonds between carbon and nitrogen atoms via reaction of alkene group of dye and primary amine group of chitosan. According to solubility tests, the solubility of the chitosan dye was controlled by the molecular weight of chitosan. In addition, compared with Reactive Blue 19, the antibacterial property of the chitosan dye was increased against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Besides, chitosan dye demonstrated better lightfastness and waterfastness than the original dye. Therefore, chitosan dye provides a new perspective for improving decorative and antimicrobial properties of wood products.

Assessment of antibacterial activity of wool fabrics dyed with natural dyes

Antimicrobial textiles and polymers have received more and more attention due to different health problems. Using antibacterial dyes in textiles integrates the dyeing and finishing process and results in a more efficient technique in terms of less water and energy usage. Historically, natural dyes are known to have some antibacterial effects, thus they can be considered as a green eco-friendly substitute. In this study, five different natural dyes obtained from green tea, madder, turmeric, saffron petals, and henna on wool fabric were used. Their antibacterial activity as well as dyeing properties including colorimetric values, light and wash fastness were investigated. As natural dyes inherently have low fastness, premordanting of fabric was done by using aluminum sulfate. Results showed that all these natural dyes could provide some antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria on wool fabric. Furthermore, pretreatment with aluminum sulfate led to improved and durable antibacterial effects after five cycles of washing and 300 min of light exposure.

Bacterial target sites for biocide action

Although biocides have been used for a century, the number of products containing biocides has recently increased dramatically with public awareness of hygiene issues. The antimicrobial efficacy of biocides is now well documented; however, there is still a lack of understanding of their antimicrobial mechanisms of action. There is a wide range of biocides showing different levels of antimicrobial activity. It is generally accepted that, in contrast to chemotherapeutic agents, biocides have multiple target sites within the microbial cell and the overall damage to these target sites results in the bactericidal effect. Information about the antimicrobial efficacy of a biocide (i.e. the eta-value) might give some useful indications about the overall mode of action of a biocide. Bacteriostatic effects, usually achieved by a lower concentration of a biocide, might correspond to a reversible activity on the cytoplasmic membrane and/or the impairment of enzymatic activity. The bacteriostatic mechanism(s) of action of a biocide is less documented and a primary (unique?) target site within the cell might be involved. Understanding the mechanism(s) of action of a biocide has become an important issue with the emergence of bacterial resistance to biocides and the suggestion that biocide and antibiotic resistance in bacteria might be linked. There is still a lack of understanding of the mode of action of biocides, especially when used at low concentrations (i.e. minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) or sublethal). Although this information might not be required for highly reactive biocides (e.g. alkylating and oxidizing agents) and biocides used at high concentrations, the use of biocides as preservatives or in products at sublethal concentrations, in which a bacteriostatic rather than a bactericidal activity is achieved, is driving the need to better understand microbial target sites. Understanding the mechanisms of action of biocides serves several purposes: (i) it will help to design antimicrobial formulations with an improved antimicrobial efficacy and (ii) it will ensure the prevention of the emergence of microbial resistance.

Clofibrate selectively induces azoreduction of dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) by rat liver microsomes.

Reduction of azo linkages in xenobiotics has long been known in biological systems. Fifty years ago, the antibacterial dye, prontosil, was shown to be reduced to the active product, sulfanilamide, by colonic bacterial. Hernandez et a1.2 found that reduction of prontosil and neotetrazolium by rat liver microsomes is partially inhibited by CO, implying the involvement of cytochrome P-450. Purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase also catalyzes reduction and accounts for CO-insensitive activity3. Fujita and Peisach4 reported that azoreduction of amaranth is almost completely inhibited by CO and is induced by treatment with phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). Under all conditions, the rate of azoreduction of amaranth is proportional to total microsomal cytochrome P-450. Antibodies against PB- and MC-induced cytochrome P-450 almost completely inhibit azoreduction of amaranth in PB- or MC-induced microsomes, respectively6. Recently, it was shown that purified cytochrome P-450 from PB-induced rat livers readily reduces amaranth7. Thus, there are several distinct azoreductases in microsomes which can be distinguished by their substrate spectificities. FMN and FAD markedly stimulate azoreduction of amaranth5 and neoprontosil8. The stimulated activity is unaffected by CO, implying, although not necessarily proving, that cytochrome P-450 is not involved. However, it was later demonstrated that these flavines could transfer electrons from both NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 to dye.9

Process for dying and printing velvets

Antimicrobial textiles and polymers have received more and more attention due to different health problems. Using antibacterial dyes in textiles integrates the dyeing and finishing process and results in a more efficient technique in terms of less water and energy usage. Historically, natural dyes are known to have some antibacterial effects, thus they can be considered as a green eco-friendly substitute. In this study, five different natural dyes obtained from green tea, madder, turmeric, saffron petals, and henna on wool fabric were used. Their antibacterial activity as well as dyeing properties including colorimetric values, light and wash fastness were investigated. As natural dyes inherently have low fastness, premordanting of fabric was done by using aluminum sulfate. Results showed that all these natural dyes could provide some antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria on wool fabric. Furthermore, pretreatment with aluminum sulfate led to improved and durable antibacterial effects after five cycles of washing and 300 min of light exposure.