Antithyroid Antibodies In Patients Research Articles

Frequency of antithyroid antibodies in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of liver that may be associated with other conditions, including autoimmune thyroid diseases. We aimed to investigate the frequency of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab), and anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) in Tunisian patients with PBC. Sera of 80 patients with PBC were collected over a 9-year period. A total of 189 healthy blood donors (HBD) were included in the control group. Measurements of TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Competitive ELISA was used to assess TSHR-Ab. Antithyroid antibodies (ATA) were significantly more frequent in PBC patients than in the control group (13.7% vs 1.6%; P < 10-3). Out of 11 patients with ATA, 10 (90.9%) were female. Nine patients and 2 HBD had TPO-Ab (11.2% vs 1%; P < 10-3). TG-Ab were more frequent in patients than in healthy subjects but the difference was not statistically significant (6.2% vs 1.6%; P = .1). TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were present together in 3 patients (3.7%). TSHR-Ab were absent in patients and controls. This study shows that PBC is associated with a high frequency of ATA but not TG-Ab or TSHR-Ab.

TH1.10 Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and histopathological outcomes in Egyptian patients subjected to total thyroidectomy for nonmalignant nodular goiter. Retrospective study

Abstract Introduction Thyroid is an endocrine gland. It produce T3 and T4 hormones through a series of enzymatic actions. These hormones regulate body metabolism and physiology. Immune disorders in this gland can cause hypo/hyperthyroidism. Objective The study aimed to assess antithyroid antibodies in patients with benign thyroid masses and the effect of total thyroidectomy on the antibodies titres. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective work of 112 cases managed with total thyroidectomy who have positive antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), antithyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), or both. All patients were euthyroid before surgery. Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies levels were measured before and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results Histopathological evaluation revealed Hashimoto thyroiditis (47.3%), colloid nodules (22.3%), and lymphocytic thyroiditis (30.4%). All patients were TPO-Ab positive, while 96 patients (85.7%) were Tg-Ab positive before surgery. There was no considerable change in TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab after surgery (p = 0.817, and p=0.560, respectively). Also, there was no significant difference between the three histopathological diagnoses in the levels of TPO-Ab (p = 0.086) or Tg-Ab (p = 0.673). Conclusions Antithyroid antibodies are not valuable markers for diagnosis or prognosis of benign thyroid diseases subjected to total thyroidectomy. We do not recommend their use beyond being a supportive evidence of the possibility of autoimmune nature of the disease if other criteria are confirmed.

What about TSH and Anti-Thyroid Antibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Celiac Disease Using a Gluten-Free Diet? A Systematic Review.

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAIT) is estimated to be between 2 and 7.8%. A gluten-free diet (GFD) in patients with CD is suggested to have a beneficial effect on CAIT. Thus, the present systematic review was undertaken to achieve more robust evidence about the change in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-specific antibodies (T-Ab) levels obtained in CD patients following a GFD. A specific search strategy was planned. The last search was performed on March 2022. The following data were mainly searched for in order to be extracted: sample size, mean and/or median with standard deviation (SD), and error (SE), individually, of thyroid hormones and T-Ab at baseline and after GFD, and the duration of the study. The initial search retrieved 297 records and 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 50 patients with both CD and CAIT and 45 controls were reported. The effects of a GFD on the thyroid hormonal and immunological profile could be extracted only in a part of the studies. Two studies were case reports. A low risk of bias was observed. These findings advise further studies, ideally randomized, in order to better investigate the potential relationship between GFD and thyroid homeostasis. The level of evidence is not still sufficient to recommend GFD to patients with CAIT.

Динаміка гормональних та імунологічних показників у процесі консервативного лікування хворих на дифузний токсичний зоб

У дослідженні вивчено динаміку структурного та функціонального стану щитоподібної залози, а також рівні антитиреоїдних антитіл у хворих на дифузний токсичний зоб (ДТЗ) у процесі довготривалої терапії тиреостатичними препаратами. Мета дослідження — провести аналіз змін рівнів антитіл до рецептора тиреотропного гормона (АТ рТТГ), антитіл до тиреоїдної пероксидази (АТ ТПО) при маніфестації ДТЗ та на фоні довготривалої медикаментозної терапії, а також визначити рівні АТ рТТГ при рецидивуючому перебігу захворювання. Матеріали і методи. Обстежено 112 пацієнтів із ДТЗ. Тривалість захворювання на момент початку обстеження була від одного місяця до 15 років. Усі хворі були розподілені на дві групи залежно від тривалості ДТЗ: першу групу становили 46 осіб із тривалістю захворювання до року (у середньому 3,96 міс.), другу групу — 66 осіб, які хворіли понад 1 рік (у середньому 3,32 року). Такий розподіл обумовлений бажанням вивчити динаміку рівнів антитиреоїдних антитіл при маніфестації захворювання та при довготривалому перебігу автоімунного процесу. Результати. На тлі прийому тиреостатиків збільшувалась кількість пацієнтів з вогнищевими утвореннями щитоподібної залози. При аналізі рівнів антитиреоїдних антитіл на початку дослідження виявлено, що рівень АТ ТПО в обох групах хворих на ДТЗ вірогідно перевищував показники контрольної групи (група 1 — 283,33 ± 86,61 Од/мл проти 35,65 ± 4,9 Од/мл; група 2 — 207,34 ± 42,52 Од/мл проти 35,65 ± 4,90 Од/мл) і не залежав від тривалості захворювання та строків попереднього лікування. Через 6 місяців лікування рівень АТ ТПО в обох групах не зменшувався. При вивченні динаміки АТ рТТГ у процесі тиреостатичної терапії виявлено, що у хворих першої та другої групи зниження рівня АТ рТТГ зафіксовано лише через 6–12 місяців після початку тиреостатичної терапії (група 1 — з 17,19 ± 2,17 мОд/л до 6,95 ± 2,39 мОд/л, р &lt; 0,05; група 2 — з 14,20 ± 2,04 мОд/л до 5,81 ± 2,26 мОд/л, р &lt; 0,05). Через 24 місяці лікування рецидиви тиреотоксикозу спостерігались у 24 хворих (21,4 %). При дослідженні рівнів АТ рТТГ у хворих з рецидивуючим перебігом захворювання спостерігалось їх суттєве збільшення (24,27 ± 2,86 мОд/л проти 12,28 ± 3,57 мОд/л). Через 6 місяців тиреостатичної терапії рівні АТ рТТГ у хворих з рецидивами суттєво не зменшувались і значно перевищували аналогічні показники хворих на ДТЗ у стадії ремісії (17,22 ± 3,37 мОд/л проти 4,64 ± 1,99 мОд/л). Висновки. У хворих на ДТЗ рівень АТ рТТГ зменшується лише через 6–12 місяців після початку тиреостатичної терапії. У хворих із рецидивуючим перебігом захворювання спостерігаються вірогідно більші розміри зоба, а також рівні АТ рТТГ, що через 6 місяців безперервного лікування значно перевищують нормальні значення й показники хворих з ремісією захворювання.

Recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: experience in 3042 patients.

SUMMARYObjectivesBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder of the inner ear with a high rate of recurrence. Vascular disorders, migraine and autoimmune disorders have been considered facilitating factors for relapsing episodes. Our aim was to assess the role of vascular disorders, migraine and anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with recurrences.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed records of 3042 patients treated for BPPV without other lifetime vertigo. Clinical data included previous vascular disorders of the central nervous system, heart disorders, migraine and recent head trauma. The presence of anti-thyroid autoantibodies was assessed in all patients.ResultsMean age of the first BPPV was 52.8 ± 14.5 years; there were 2339 females (76.9%), while 2048 (67.3%) of patients presented recurrences within two years of follow-up. Previous disorders of the central nervous system, presence of anti-thyroid antibodies, head trauma and migraine showed an association with recurrences. Above all, in subjects having the first BPPV while aged between 40 and 60 years, anti-thyroid antibodies were predictive for recurrences.ConclusionsOur data are consistent with the hypothesis that anti-thyroid autoantibodies may play a role in recurrences in subjects with initial manifestations between 40 and 60 years.

Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Histopathological Outcomes in Egyptian Patients Subjected to Total Thyroidectomy for Non-Malignant Nodular Goiter.

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess antithyroid antibodies in patients with benign thyroid masses and the effect of total thyroidectomy on the antibodies titers.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective work of 112 cases managed with total thyroidectomy with positive antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), or both. All patients were euthyroid before surgery. Thyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies levels were measured before and 6 and 12 months after surgery.ResultsHistopathological evaluation revealed Hashimoto thyroiditis (47.3%), colloid nodules (22.3%), and lymphocytic thyroiditis (30.4%). All patients were TPO-Ab positive, while 96 patients (85.7%) were Tg-Ab positive before surgery. There was no considerable change in TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab after surgery (p = 0.817, and p=0.560, respectively). Also, there was no significant difference between the three histopathological diagnoses in the levels of TPO-Ab (p = 0.086) or Tg-Ab (p = 0.673).ConclusionAntithyroid antibodies are not valuable markers for diagnosis or prognosis of benign thyroid diseases subjected to total thyroidectomy. We do not recommend their use beyond supporting evidence of the possibility of the autoimmune nature of the illness if other criteria are confirmed.

SAT-431 Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Introduction: Thyroid function and autoimmunity has been associated with cardiovascular events in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Objectives: To evaluate the association between thyroid function, antithyroid antibodies levels, insulin resistance and markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods: We evaluated 228 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, 93.9 % female, with a mean age of 47.06 ± 15.35 years. We analyzed thyroid function, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, QUICKI, HISI (Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Index), WBISI (Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity Index), the levels of lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12. We defined 3 groups based on TSH levels: TSH between 0.35-2.49 µUI/ml, (n = 166), TSH between 2.50-4.94 µUI/ml, (n = 43) and TSH over 4.95 µUI/ml, (n = 19), and normal levels of free T4 and free T3. A 75-g OGTT was performed in the morning and blood samples were obtained every 30 min for 120 min for measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. For the statistical analysis we used the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlations. Results are expressed as means ± SD or percentages. A two-tailed p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences regarding median age or median BMI between groups. We did not find any significant differences comparing group with TSH 0.35-2.49 and group with TSH 2.50-4.94, in all parameters evaluated. Group with TSH 2.50-4.94 had higher indexes of QUICKI (0.69 ± 0.39 vs 0.48 ± 0.13; p = 0.02) and HISI (79.83 ± 63.72 vs 41.73 ± 29.02; p = 0.01) than group with TSH over 4.95. The group with TSH over 4.95 demonstrated a higher index of HOMA-IR than group with TSH 2.50-4.94 (3.77 ± 2.93 vs 1.95 ± 1.24; p = 0.01). In the TSH 0.35-2.49 group we found significant correlations between TSH and HOMA-IR (r= 0.18; p = 0.01), total cholesterol and anti-TPO (r =0.23; p = 0.002), anti-Tg and HDL-cholesterol (r= -0.17; p=0.002), anti-Tg and triglycerides (r=0.34; p < 0.001), and anti-Tg and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.16; p=0.03). In the TSH 2.50-4.94 group we observed positive correlation between Apo A1 and HOMA-B (r=0.58; p<0.001), HOMA-IR and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.34; p=0.02) and WBISI and HDL-cholesterol (r=0.34; p=0.02). In the TSH over 4.95 group we observed a correlation between TSH and triglycerides (r=0.70; p<0.001) and between anti-Tg and hs-CRP (r=0.64; p=0.004). Conclusions: The association among TSH, lipid profile, insulin resistance, hs-CRP and antithyroid antibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis may contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk, not only in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism but also in those classified as euthyroid.

Impact of Antithyroid Antibodies in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Kirkuk City

Impact of Antithyroid Antibodies in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Kirkuk City

Moderate Frequency of Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies in the Early Phase of Subacute Thyroiditis

Background: Subacute thyroiditis is generally believed to be induced by viral infection, and little attention has been paid to anti-thyroid antibodies. Objectives: Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with subacute thyroiditis. Methods: Anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured with 4 different immunoassay kits currently used in 40 patients in the early phase of subacute thyroiditis. Results: The proportion of samples positive for TgAb was 52.5 ± 13.7% (mean of 4 kits), which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that positive for TPOAb (15.6 ± 6.5%). The prevalence of positive TgAb alone (negative TPOAb) was also significantly higher than that of TPOAb alone (negative TgAb). TgAb titers decreased or disappeared within 4 months to 6 years in 6 patients. Conclusions: Patient samples were moderately positive for TgAb initially, but the titer decreased or disappeared afterwards in subacute thyroiditis.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

It is known that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have hypothyroidism. In patients with CKD, iodine excretion in the urine is disrupted. The high content of iodine in the thyroid gland and tissues leads to a disruption in the synthesis and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. In hypothyroidism, there is a disruption of sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule, the volume of the filtrate increases, the volume of the tubular apparatus overloads, and the eGFR decreases.THЕAIM:to study the occurrence of hypothyroidism in patients with different stages of CKD, to evaluate the parameters of thyroid status and antithyroid antibodies in patients with CKD.PATIENTS AND METHODS.953 patients from I.P. Pavlov SPbSMU clinics (screening group) were examined. TSH, free T4, serum creatinine were defined and eGFR was calculated using the formula CKD-EPI in all patients. A group of patients with hypothyroidism accounted for 466 patients. Patients with a normal TSH of 0.4-2.5 mIU / L (comparison group) were selected from the screening group.RESULTS.eGFR in the screening group and in the group of hypothyroid patients correlated with age. Hypothyroidism was associated with female sex and older age. In the group of patients with advanced stage CKD (3B-5), the incidence of subclinical and manifest hypothyroidism was 3 times higher than in the group with normal GFR (GFR&gt; 90 ml / min, p = 0.007). In the group of patients with hypothyroidism, the frequency of advanced stages of CKD (3B-5) was 2 times higher than in the comparison group (p = 0.02). In patients with CKD, a direct correlation was found between GFR and free T3 (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). Thyroid peroxidase antibodies were revealed in 64% of patients with CKD with hypothyroidism.CONCLUSION.Hypothyroidism is associated with chronic kidney disease. For patients with CKD, there is a syndrome of euthyroid pathology ("low T3" syndrome). Hypothyroidism in patients with CKD is not always the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Morphea and antithyroid antibodies

IntroductionMorphea, also known as localized scleroderma, is an autoimmune skin disease which is characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen that leads to the thickening of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. There is an unclear relationship between morphea and other autoimmune diseases, especially related to the thyroid gland.AimTo determine the occurrence of increased antithyroid antibodies in patients with morphea in relation to the clinical manifestations of the disease.Material and methodsForty-two Caucasian patients with different forms of morphea were included into the study. To determine the thyroid status, thyrotropin (TSH), anti-peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) were evaluated with the use of the electrochemiluminescence method and TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) – with the use of the radioimmunoassay method.ResultsIncreased levels of antithyroid antibodies were observed in 6 cases in relation to TPO-Ab (14.3%), in 4 cases in relation to of Tg-Ab (9.5%) and in 1 patient in relation to TRAb (2.3%). There was no difference in the level of antithyroid antibodies between circumscribed and generalized forms of morphea.ConclusionsAlthough morphea is an autoimmune disease, it does not seem to be associated with increased prevalence of positive antithyroid antibodies. We conclude that there is no need to perform routine laboratory tests for thyroid disorders in patients with morphea.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THYROID HORMONES, ANTITHYROID ANTIBODIES, ANTI-TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND ANTI-GLIADIN ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is in coexistence with many autoimmune disorders, especially celiac disease. There are a limited number of studies evaluating the prevalence of celiac-related antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This study aimed to further investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed celiac disease in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the relationship between these two autoimmune disorders in these patients. This study was performed on 82 women aged 20-50 years including 40 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 42 healthy age-matched individuals. Anthropometric assessments were performed and biochemical parameters including thyroid hormones (TSH, T3 and T4), antithyroid antibodies, anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-gliadin antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of IgG and IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and IgA anti-gliadin antibody was higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients compared with control group (15% vs. 7%, 22.5% vs. 17% and 15% vs. 12% respectively). In ordinal regression model, serum IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase and IgA anti-gliadin antibodies were significant predictors of antithyroid antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P < 0.05). A significant relationship between serum TSH and IgG anti-gliadin antibody were also found (P = 0.003). To our findings, a high prevalence of anti-tissue transglutaminase and IgA anti-gliadin antibodies and their positive relationship with antithyroid antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were reported. These findings further warrant the need for interventions to reduce the prevalence of these antibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis for preventing the occurrence of celiac disease in these patients.

Low T3 syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Associations with disease activity and disability

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) sometimes coexists with serological marker-positive, non-organ-specific autoimmune disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and investigated the associations between thyroid dysfunction/autoimmunity and clinical features of NMOSD. MethodsForty-nine NMOSD patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and 392 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. We measured the levels of thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid antibodies. ResultsThe prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and low T3 syndrome were higher in patients with NMOSD (4.1%, 12.2%, and 20.4%, respectively) compared with healthy controls (0.3%, 2.8%, and 0.5%, respectively; p=0.034, p=0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). However, anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO)-positivity did not significantly differ between NMOSD patients (20.4%) and controls (11.5%). Low T3 syndrome was more prevalent among patients during an attack (N=10/19, 52.6%) than those in remission (N=1/30, 3.3%). In addition, patients with low T 3 syndrome had significantly higher EDSS scores at the last visits as well as at sampling compared to those without low T3 syndrome. T3 levels were inversely correlated with EDSS score at the last visit after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration, clinical status (attack vs. remission), oral prednisolone use, iv methylprednisolone use, other immunosuppressive agents use, and the location of lesion (ρ=−0.416, p=0.010). ConclusionsOur study suggests that thyroid dysfunction is frequent in patients with NMOSD; particularly, serum T3 levels may be a useful indicator of disease activity and disability in NMOSD.

Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Patients with HCV Genotype 3a: A Pilot Study

Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Patients with HCV Genotype 3a: A Pilot Study

Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Bipolar Disorder

Dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of thyroid function alteration. Thus, auto-immune thyroiditis is likely associated with bipolar disorder. It might influence its course, prognosis and/or management. To study the prevalence of positive anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with bipolar disorder and to examine the prognostic and the therapeutic implications of their presence. Literature was reviewed using the Medline database and the following keywords: ‘bipolar disorder” ‘antithyroid antibodies” ‘thyroiditis”. PubMed research returned 12 results. After manual inspection, 10 articles were retained and examined. The prevalence of positive antithyroperoxydase antibodies (anti-TPO Abs) is higher in bipolar patients than in healthy controls, reaching 27%. The presence of positive anti-TPO Abs has been associated with rapid-cycling, with a higher risk of lithium-induced hypothyroidism as well as with poor prognosis. Auto-immune thyroiditis appears to be related not only to bipolar disorder itself but also to the genetic vulnerability to develop the disorder. The presence of anti-TPO Abs is a possible endophenotype for bipolar disorder. Anti-TPO Abs should be obtained in many patients with bipolar disorder, especially in those on lithium.

AB0541 Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Correlation with Disease Activity

BackgroundThe relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been revealed but the prevalence of thyroid disease in lupus patients is controversial.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is...

Prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with unexplained infertility

Prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with unexplained infertility

Thyroid-Related Autoantibodies in Tunisian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Aim. To evaluate, retrospectively, the frequency of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and methods. Antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab), and antithyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera of 312 patients (166 children and 146 adults) with T1D were analyzed. Sera of 276 healthy subjects (87 children and 189 blood donors) served as controls. Results. Out of 312 patients with T1D, 44 (14%) had ATA (TPO-Ab or TG-Ab or TSHR-Ab). The frequency of ATA in patients with T1D was significantly higher than in the control group (14% vs. 2.8%; p < 10−5). ATA were significantly more frequent in adult patients with T1D than in the blood donor group (20% vs. 1.6%; p < 10−8). The frequency of ATA in adult patients was significantly higher than in pediatric patients (20% vs. 9%; p = 0.006). The frequency of TPO-Ab and TG-Ab was significantly higher in patients with T1D than in the control group (13.5% vs. 2%; p < 10−8 and 7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.008), respectively. Out of 312 patients with T1D, only one had TSHR-Ab. The simultaneous presence of three autoantibodies was found in one patient with T1D. Conclusion. ATA were frequent in patients with T1D. Serological screening of autoimmune thyroid disease is suggested in patients with T1D.

A Case of Hashimoto Encephalopathy

Hashimoto encephalopathy is a rare encephalopathy with positive antithyroid antibodies and normal thyroid function. We describe the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging, and histopathologic changes in a 52-year-old female with Hashimoto encephalopathy. The neuroimaging changes are multifocal abnormalities in cortical and subcortical areas bilaterally not enhanced by gadolinium. After high doses of corticosteroid therapy, the changes rapidly disappeared with marked improvement of clinical symptoms. This case shows the importance of assessment of antithyroid antibodies in patients with rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction with/without the history of abnormality of thyroid function.

Increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with limited scleroderma

Objectives: Thyroid dysfunction in the setting of systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been described previously. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies (ATA) in a large SSc cohort and to ascertain whether they are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes.Methods: A total of 138 patients with SSc [46 with diffuse (dSSc) and 92 with limited scleroderma (lSSc)] and 100 healthy controls (HC) were tested for the presence of ATA [anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies] using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and serological data were recorded.Results: An increased prevalence of anti-TPO but not anti-Tg antibodies was detected in patients with SSc compared to HC (27.5% vs. 14%, p = 0.016). Of note, a statistically significant increase of anti-TPO was detected only in patients with lSSc compared to HC (32.6% vs. 14%, p = 0.003). No correlations with other clinical features were detected.Conclusions: An increased prevalence of anti-TPO antibodies was identified in patients with lSSc. We propose that ATA testing should be offered to this subgroup of patients.