anti-PSA Antibody Research Articles

Comparative Study of Gleason 7 (3+4) and (4+3) Prostatic Adenocarcinomas with Prog-nostic Criteria and Immunohistochemical Profiles of AMACR, PSA and Ki-67.

To compare Gleason 7 (3+4) and (4+3) prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC) with different prognostic criteria through immunohistochemical analysis with anti-PSA, anti-Ki 67 and anti-AMARC antibodies. We analyzed 221 surgical specimens from patients between 40 and 86 years-old (mean=63) with PC. The immunohistochemical study was performed with anti-PSA, anti-Ki 67 and anti-AMARC. The microscopic fields were photographed with an Olympus DP70 digital camera coupled to an Olympus BX51 microscope and archived in TIFF. Proportion and intensity criteria were used to quantify the anti-PSA antibody and for the anti-Ki 67 antibody, the quantification by similarity of this antibody in breast carcinomas. Anti-AMACR protein expression was based on four scores: negative, weak, moderate and strong. The statistical analysis was performed with the Graph Pad Prism 5 program. In the Gleason score 7 (3+4) we had 91.72% in pT2 and 8.27% in the pT3 group; 8.27% recurrences, of which 90.90% in the pT2 group. In the Gleason score 7 (4+3) we had 77.27% in the pT2 group and 22.72% in the pT3 group and 10.22% of relapses, of which 66.66% in the pT2 group and 33.33% in the pT3 group. In 6.81% of cases there was an increase in the anti-Ki 67 index and in 2.27% of the cases, there was an increase in the immunoexpression of anti-p53 when comparing Gleason score 7 (3+4) with Gleason score 7 (4+3). Our study confirmed differences in the Gleason score 7 (3+4) and Gleason score 7 (4+3) of PC when comparing prognostic criteria. Anti-Ki 67 and anti-PSA antibody immunostaining showed a positive correlation as the Gleason score 7 increased from (3+4) to (4+3).

Futuristic Silicon Photonic Biosensor with Nanomaterial Enhancement for PSA Detection

This article describes a novel electrochemical on-chip biosensor that utilises the anti-PSA antibody (Ab) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the sensing and detection capability of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. The AgNPs are prepared, characterised, and applied to a silicon photonic on-chip biosensing receptor platform designed to enhance the accurate detection of PSA. The AgNPs were synthesised by a chemical reduction method using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as the precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and light microscopy were among the methods used in the characterisation and analysis of the AgNPs. Each stage of the immunosensor fabrication was characterised using cyclic voltammetry. The proposed immunosensor was applied in the detection of PSA, a prostate cancer biomarker, with a high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 0.17 ng/mL over a linear concentration range of 2.5 to 11.0 ng/mL. The immunosensor displayed good stability and was selective in the presence of interfering species like immunoglobulin (Ig) in human serum, ascorbic acid (AA), and diclofenac (Dic). The detectivity and sensitivity are significantly higher than previous reports on similar or related technologies.

Exploring the impact of seminal anti-PSA antibodies on semen parameters: a comparative study

Exploring the impact of seminal anti-PSA antibodies on semen parameters: a comparative study

Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on antibody-immobilized Fe-Cu layered double hydroxide nanosheetas an electrochemical probe for the detection of ultra trace amount of prostate cancer biomarker (PSA)

Here, a label-free immunosensor has been developed to detect prostate specific antigen as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer. A pencil graphite electrode (PGE) coated with nanocomposites of iron-copper layered double hydroxide (Fe-Cu LDH) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was utilized as a sensor platform to capture the monoclonal anti-PSA antibody. The LDH/rGO nanocomposite can boost the electrical conductivity and enhance the surface area of the fabricated electrode; accordingly, it can efficiently amplify the electrode response and sensitivity in PSA detection. Electrochemical properties of the constructed sensor have been conducted utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The PSA concentration level in serum samples was measured by monitoring the current changes of the Cu oxidation peak which was through the formation of antibody-PSA complexes on the surface of the electrode. The current response of the label-free immunosensor has been correlated to the concentration of PSA in a linear manner ranging from 100.0 fg/ml to 10.0 µg/ml with a limit of detection (LOD) of 63.24 fg/ml (S/N = 3). The morphology and structure of the synthesized Fe-Cu LDH/rGO nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD)and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The suggested immunosensor was employed to accurately and sensitively determine PSA concentration in serum samples with satisfactory results consistent with those achieved by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a reference method. Finally, the obtained results indicate the promising application of the fabricated immunosensor in premature prostate cancer diagnostics.

Self-assembled p-n Ag2O@Bi2O2S nanoflower heterojunctions for sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay

A new photoelectrochemical immunoassay based on self-assembled p-n Ag2O@Bi2O2S nanoflower heterojunction was designed and developed for quantitative monitoring of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in biological fluids. Primarily, self-assembled p-n Ag2O@Bi2O2S nanoflower heterojunctions were served as the photoactive materials and coated onto the surface of electrodes. Subsequently, the glucose oxidase (GOx) was bound to the detection antibody (mAb2) labeled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and then were employed to accomplish a sandwich-like immunoreaction to generate H2O2 on a microplate incubated with monoclonal anti-PSA antibodies. In the presence of PSA, the product (H2O2) was catalyzed by the substrate, which was used as an electron sacrificial agent to improve signal conversion and capture of photogenerated electrons. Under optimum conditions, a wide linear range of 0.01–50 ng mL−1 and a low detection limit of 5.3 pg mL−1 were accomplished with the sensor, exhibiting an excellent photocurrent response. Moreover, the proposed sensor revealed satisfactory reproducibility, high selectivity, and acceptable accuracy for the real sample testing. Importantly, our work provides a novel strategy for high sensitivity detection of disease-associated biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancers.

High-entropy effect with hollow (ZnCdFeMnCu)xS nanocubes for photoelectrochemical immunoassay

High entropy (HE) compounds with chemically disordered multi-cation structures have become a hot research topic because of their fascinating “cocktail effect”. However, high entropy effect with the efficient photoelectric response has not been reported for photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassays. Herein, an innovative PEC immunoassay for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was ingeniously constructed using hollow nanocubic (ZnCdFeMnCu)xS photoactive matrices with high entropic effect via the cation exchange. Initially, a sandwich-type immunoreaction has behaved using dopamine-loaded liposome labeled with anti-PSA secondary antibodies. In the presence of PSA, addition of Triton X-100 caused the liposomal cleavage to release dopamine, which was then detected as a reduced photocurrent on (ZnCdFeMnCu)xS-based photoelectrode. Under optimal condition, the PEC immunoassay showed good photocurrent responses toward target PSA with the dynamic linear range of 0.1–50 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 34.1 pg mL−1. Significantly, this system can provide a new platform for the development of PEC immunoassays by coupling with high-entropy photoactive materials.

A novel carboxyl polymer-modified upconversion luminescent nanoprobe for detection of prostate-specific antigen in the clinical gray zonebase by flow immunoassay strip.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a widely-used biomarker for the diagnosis, screening, and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). It is critical to develop a rapid and convenient method to accurately detect PSA levels, especially when the PSA levels are in the clinical gray area of 4-10ng/mL. We developed a novel upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based fluorescence lateral flow test strip for qualitatively and quantitatively detecting PSA. The carboxyl group-modified UCNPs (UCNP-COOH) were labeled with anti-PSA antibodies via 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as labeling probes to recognize PSA. The fluorescence intensity of the UCNP-probe was then measured with a laser fluorescence scanner. A total of 1397 serum and 20 fingertip blood samples were collected to validate the UCNP strip. A reliable correlation between the area ratio (TC), reflecting the fluorescence intensity of the test/control line, and the PSA concentration was observed (r=0.9986). The dose-dependent luminescence enhancement showed good linearity in the PSA concentration range from 0.1 to 100.0ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.1ng/mL. Our UCNP POCT strip demonstrated excellent accuracy, anti-interference and stability in the gray zone (4-10ng/mL) of PSA clinical application and outperformed other PSA test strips. The UCNP strip showed good consistency with the Roche chemiluminescence assay in 1397 serum samples. It also showed good performance for PSA detection using fingertip blood samples. This novel UCNP-based test strip could be a sensitive and reliable POCT assay to detect PSA, facilitating the diagnosis and surveillance of PCa.

Polyoxazoline-conjugated porcine serum albumin as an artificial plasma expander for dogs

Veterinary medicine has made tremendous progress for domestic dogs, which are irreplaceable family members enriching human life. Nevertheless, no adequate supply system exists for their blood products. This study examined the synthesis, structure, safety, and efficacy of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-conjugated porcine serum albumin (POx-PSA) as an artificial plasma expander for dogs. The aqueous POx-PSA solution showed moderately high colloid osmotic pressure and good blood cell compatibility. Actually, lyophilized powder stored for 1 year can regenerate into a homogeneous solution. The circulation half-life of POx-PSA in rats was 2.1-fold longer than that of naked PSA. Rats produced neither anti-PSA IgG antibody nor anti-POx IgG antibody, which suggests excellent immunological stealth properties of POx-PSA. Complete resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock in rats was achieved soon after injection of POx-PSA solution. Serum biochemistry tests and histopathological observations indicated no abnormality in the related organs. When POx-PSA was administered to dogs intravenously, (i) no serum biochemical or hematological alteration was observed, also (ii) no overt deterioration of animal health was observed. These results indicate that POx-PSA has potential as an artificial plasma expander for dogs.

Co-transient expression of PSA-Fc and PAP-Fc fusion protein in plant as prostate cancer vaccine candidates and immune responses in mice.

PAP-FcK and PSA-FcK prostate cancer antigenic proteins transiently co-expressed in plant induce their specific humoral immune responses in mice. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) have been considered as immunotherapeutic antigens for prostate cancer. The use of a single antigenic agent is unlikely to be effective in eliciting immunotherapeutic responses due to the heterogeneous and multifocal nature of prostate cancer. Thus, multiple antigens have been combined to enhance their anti-cancer effects. In the current study, PSA and PAP were fused to the crystallizable region (Fc region) of immunoglobulin G1 and tagged with KDEL, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal motif, to generate PSA-FcK and PAP-FcK, respectively, and were transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Western blot analysis confirmed the co-expression of PSA-FcK and PAP-FcK (PSA-FcK + PAP-FcK) with a 1:3 ratios in the co-infiltrated plants. PSA-FcK, PAP-FcK, and PSA-FcK + PAP-FcK proteins were successfully purified from N. benthamiana by protein A affinity chromatography. ELISA showed that anti-PAP and anti-PSA antibodies successfully detected PAP-FcK and PSA-FcK, respectively, and both detected PSA-FcK + PAP-FcK. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis confirmed the binding affinity of the plant-derived Fc fusion proteins to FcγRI/CD64. Furthermore, we also confirmed that mice injected with PSA-FcK + PAP-FcK produced both PSA- and PAP-specific IgGs, demonstrating their immunogenicity. This study suggested that the transient plant expression system can be applied to produce the dual-antigen Fc fusion protein (PSA-FcK + PAP-FcK) for prostate cancer immunotherapy.

MP09-08 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LACDINAC-GLYCOSYLATED PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AT 3 MONTHS AFTER FOCAL THERAPY WITH HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR DETECTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER DURING FOLLOW-UP: A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP09-08 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LACDINAC-GLYCOSYLATED PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AT 3 MONTHS AFTER FOCAL THERAPY WITH HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR DETECTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER DURING FOLLOW-UP: A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL STUDY Sunao Shoji, Kazuya Oda, Tatsuo Kano, Tatsuya Umemoto, Mayura Nakano, Masayoshi Kawakami, Masahiro Nitta, Masanori Hasegawa, and Akira Miyajima Sunao ShojiSunao Shoji More articles by this author , Kazuya OdaKazuya Oda More articles by this author , Tatsuo KanoTatsuo Kano More articles by this author , Tatsuya UmemotoTatsuya Umemoto More articles by this author , Mayura NakanoMayura Nakano More articles by this author , Masayoshi KawakamiMasayoshi Kawakami More articles by this author , Masahiro NittaMasahiro Nitta More articles by this author , Masanori HasegawaMasanori Hasegawa More articles by this author , and Akira MiyajimaAkira Miyajima More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003224.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: LacdiNAc-glycosylated prostate specific antigen (LDN-PSA) is a PSA carrying a prostate cancer (PC)-associated disaccharide LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1→4GlcNAc) at the non-reducing terminal of N-glycan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of LDN-PSA at 3 months after focal therapy with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) during follow-up. METHODS: From 2018 to 2019, patients whose serum PSA levels were ≤ 20 ng/ml, and who had undergone focal therapy with HIFU based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion image-guided target biopsy and systematic biopsies, were included. LDN-PSA was measured via an automated two-step Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin lectin–anti-PSA antibody sandwich immunoassay, using an extremely sensitive surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectrometry system. During follow-up, patients who had elevated PSA values after focal therapy, underwent MRI-TRUS fusion image-guided target and systematic biopsies. The predictive values of LDN-PSA at 3 months after treatment for the prediction of csPC detection in the biopsies were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included in the study. During median follow-up period of 30 months, 6 patients were diagnosed as pathological recurrences at median 24 months after treatment. Although there were no significant differences in the median PSA and median PSA density (PSAD), there were significant differences in median LDN-PSA (1.69×10-2 U/mL vs. 1.03×10-2 U/mL, p=0.018) and median LDN-PSAD (1.06×10-4 U/mL/cc vs. 0.444×10-4 U/mL/cc, p=0.002) at 3 months after the treatment between the patients with and without detected csPC during follow-up. Using the cut-off value of 0.907×10-4 U/mL/cc of LDN-PSAD, 83% of the patients (n=5) who were diagnosed with pathological recurrence at median 20 months after the treatment, were already predicted to develop this pathological recurrence at 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: LDN-PSAD at 3 months after focal therapy with HIFU has the potential to predict pathological recurrences during follow-up of these patients. The results could contribute to earlier timing of salvage treatment after focal therapy for csPC. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e107 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sunao Shoji More articles by this author Kazuya Oda More articles by this author Tatsuo Kano More articles by this author Tatsuya Umemoto More articles by this author Mayura Nakano More articles by this author Masayoshi Kawakami More articles by this author Masahiro Nitta More articles by this author Masanori Hasegawa More articles by this author Akira Miyajima More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Microfluidic Platform Integrated with Carbon Nanofibers-Decorated Gold Nanoporous Sensing Device for Serum PSA Quantification.

Prostate cancer is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate in men worldwide. Serum prostate-specific antigens (PSA) are the main circulating biomarker for this disease in clinical practices. In this work, we present a portable and reusable microfluidic device for PSA quantification. This device comprises a polymethyl methacrylate microfluidic platform coupled with electrochemical detection. The platinum working microelectrode was positioned in the outflow region of the microchannel and was modified with carbon nanofibers (CNF)-decorated gold nanoporous (GNP) structures by the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method, through the simultaneous electrodeposition of metal precursors in the presence of CNF. CNF/GNP structures exhibit attractive properties, such as a large surface to volume ratio, which increases the antibody's immobilization capacity and the electroactive area. CNFs/GNP structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry. Anti-PSA antibodies and HRP were employed for the immune-electrochemical reaction. The detection limit for the device was 5 pg mL-1, with a linear range from 0.01 to 50 ng mL-1. The coefficients of variation within and between assays were lower than 4.40%, and 6.15%, respectively. Additionally, its clinical performance was tested in serum from 30 prostate cancer patients. This novel device was a sensitive, selective, portable, and reusable tool for the serological diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.

A voltammetric immunosensor based on a nanoporous alumina millirod for detection of porcine serum albumin

A voltammetric immunosensor was developed for detection of porcine serum albumin (PSA) to identify raw meat products adulterated with pork. A novel strategy to fabricate multiple individual nanoporous alumina (NPA) millirods (length, 5.0 mm; diameter, 1.0 mm) as the biorecognition platform is described. Each NPA millirod was covalently bioconjugated with anti-PSA capturing antibodies (α-PSAC). Following immunocapture, the PSA bound to the α-PSAC/NPA millirod bioconjugate were tagged with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with anti-PSA detection antibodies as the signaling probe. Subsequently, the AuNPs were voltammetrically analyzed to quantify the target PSA. The immunosensor exhibited 100 % specificity and high sensitivity to PSA with a limit of detection (LoD) of 50 (range, 0–1000) pg/mL (R2 = 0.9907). Real-world applicability was successfully validated using pork/beef adulterated mixtures with a LoD of 0.05 % (w/w). Overall, the detection performance of the proposed immunosensor was excellent and, thus, is suitable for surveillance of food safety and quality.

Capacitive label-free ultrasensitive detection of PSA on a covalently attached monoclonal anti-PSA antibody gold surface

• The design of an ultrasensitive label-free detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was achieved. • The fabricated immunosensor used monoclonal anti-PSA antibody as capture probe on an electrografted isophthalic thin fim. • Capacitance signals were deconvoluted from the impedance plots and were sensitive to PSA concentrations. • The detection of PSA could be achieved in fg.ml -1 . A rapid, low-cost, and accurate point-of-care analytical device for the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is required for the early diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). In this work, an electrochemical capacitive immunosensor was developed for the label-free detection of PSA. The immunosensor was based on the covalent immobilization of monoclonal anti -PSA antibody via carbodiimide chemistry onto gold electrode pre-modified with a thin monolayer film of isophthalic acid (IPA). A methodology based on the steric hindrance of 1,3-substituted aryldiazonium salt was adopted to control the growth of the IPA thin film on the gold electrode. The non-specific binding sites were blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to afford an AuE-IPA- anti -PSA-mAb|BSA immunosensor. The immunosensor was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The analytical performance of the developed sensor was evaluated using the capacitance Nyquist plots generated from the complex impedance data. In addition, complex capacitance was also calculated from the imaginary part of the impedance and plotted against the log of frequency. The double layer capacitance from the circuit fitting (R S C) was also used and compared the sensitive capacitance signals to the changes in PSA concentrations. The LOD values were in fg.mL -1 and distinguishable from the blank (PBS) for the Nyquist plots of capacitance, complex capacitance, and double layer capacitance signals. The developed immunosensor exhibited good stability, selectivity, low detection limits, and a wide linear range which was suitable for screening of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen.

PROLONGED COLONIZATION AND COISOLATION OF SARS-COV-2 IN UNVACCINATED RECIPIENTS OF LUNG TRANSPLANTS

PROLONGED COLONIZATION AND COISOLATION OF SARS-COV-2 IN UNVACCINATED RECIPIENTS OF LUNG TRANSPLANTS

A Novel, Quick, and Reliable Smartphone-Based Method for Serum PSA Quantification: Original Design of a Portable Microfluidic Immunosensor-Based System.

Simple SummaryProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and second most common cause of cancer-related death in males. An early diagnosis is crucial to improve the prognosis. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is the most widely used biomarker for PCa, but this type of biomarker analysis is performed in centralized laboratories, delaying the diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Our team has developed a miniaturized platform for portable PSA quantification to overcome this shortcoming. It includes a microfluidic chip, immune capture of PSA by magnetic microbeads, and electrochemical quantification. The utilization of a micro-potentiostat allows PSA levels to be read on a smartphone in less than 30 min. This technique was found to offer a fast, easy, specific, sensitive, and reproducible method for PSA quantification. Further research is warranted to verify these findings and explore its potential application at all health care levels.We describe a versatile, portable, and simple platform that includes a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection. It is based on the covalent immobilization of the anti-PSA monoclonal antibody on magnetic microbeads retained in the central channel of a microfluidic device. Image flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the magnetic microbeads. A direct sandwich immunoassay (with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated PSA antibody) served to quantify the cancer biomarker in serum samples. The enzymatic product was detected at −100 mV by amperometry on sputtered thin-film electrodes. Electrochemical reaction produced a current proportional to the PSA level, with a linear range from 10 pg mL−1 to 1500 pg mL−1. The sensitivity was demonstrated by a detection limit of 2 pg mL−1 and the reproducibility by a coefficient of variation of 6.16%. The clinical performance of this platform was tested in serum samples from patients with prostate cancer (PCa), observing high specificity and full correlation with gold standard determinations. In conclusion, this analytical platform is a promising tool for measuring PSA levels in patients with PCa, offering a high sensitivity and reduced variability. The small platform size and low cost of this quantitative methodology support its suitability for the fast and sensitive analysis of PSA and other circulating biomarkers in patients. Further research is warranted to verify these findings and explore its potential application at all healthcare levels.

Disposable Amperometric Label-Free Immunosensor on Chitosan-Graphene-Modified Patterned ITO Electrodes for Prostate Specific Antigen.

A facile and highly sensitive determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is of great significance for the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of prostate cancer. In this work, a disposable and label-free electrochemical immunosensing platform was demonstrated based on chitosan–graphene-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which enables sensitive amperometric determination of PSA. Chitosan (CS) modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (CS–rGO) was easily synthesized by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using CS as a dispersant and biofunctionalizing agent. When CS–rGO was modified on the patterned ITO, CS offered high biocompatibility and reactive groups for the immobilization of recognition antibodies and rGO acted as a transduction element and enhancer to improve the electronic conductivity and stability of the CS–rGO composite film. The affinity-based biosensing interface was constructed by covalent immobilization of a specific polyclonal anti-PSA antibody (Ab) on the amino-enriched electrode surface via a facile glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking method, which was followed by the use of bovine serum albumin to block the non-specific sites. The immunosensor allowed the detection of PSA in a wide range from 1 to 5 ng mL−1 with a low limit of detection of 0.8 pg mL−1. This sensor also exhibited high selectivity, reproducibility, and good storage stability. The application of the prepared immunosensor was successfully validated by measuring PSA in spiked human serum samples.

Ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen using glucose-encapsulated nanoliposomes anti-PSA polyclonal antibody as detection nanobioprobes

In this work, the preparation of glucose encapsulating nanoliposomes was achieved using two different lipid formulations, labelled as F1 and F2. Both formulations contained phosphatidylcholine (PC), oleylamido-4-butanoic acid (OABA) and in addition, F1 had cholesterol (CHO) while F2 contained cholesteroyl hemisussinate (CHEMS). These formulations were studied for their pH sensitivity and controlled release of encapsulated glucose for indirect detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using sandwich immunoassay. As a signal generator, encapsulated glucose in nanoliposomes was quantified directly using the personal glucose meter (PGM) and colorimetrically using peroxidase property of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and Pd|PdO as nanozymes. Controlled release of the encapsulated glucose was achieved using the pH effect or Triton-X 100 as a surfactant to destabilize the liposomal structure. The F2 formulation showed maximum controlled release at acidic phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 5.0). The concentration of encapsulated glucose was found to be high in F2 formulation and these were applied for the indirect detection of PSA. The limit of detection (LOD) values for PSA were found to be 53 fg mL−1, 64 fg mL−1 and 10 fg mL−1 when HRP, Pd|PdO and PGM were respectively used. The detection signal was linear over a wide concentration range for PSA including the clinical range of 4–10 ng mL−1. The HRP system showed low LOD value when compared with Pd|PdO nanozymes. PGM system gave lowest LOD values owing to the sensitivity of the system towards glucose. Pd|PdO nanozyme system showed good stability over a wide temperature up to 80 °C. PGM system required less reaction time (2 min), low reagents and results were readily generated in digital format.

Cervical lymph node metastasis revealing a prostate adenocarcinoma: About two observations and Review of the Literature

Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer in men, and is the 3rd leading cause of death in men worldwide. This slow-growing, hormone-sensitive cancer occurs after the age of 50 years. Cervical lymph node metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma are rare. We report two anatomical observations over a ten-year period of activity. The two men were aged 80 and 72 years, respectively, and both presented with multiple cervical adenopathies of particular topography above the clavicle, associated with urinary signs such as dysuria, pollakiuria and incontinence. Microscopic examination coupled with immunohistochemistry (anti-PSA antibodies) of the excised biopsy of these lymph nodes contributed to the diagnosis of certainty. Keywords: Adenocarcinoma; Prostate; Metastasis; Node; Neck; Immunohistochemistry

Chemiluminescence-Derived Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay for Detecting a Low-Abundance Disease-Related Protein.

Early diagnosis of cancers relies on the sensitive detection of specific biomarkers, but most of the current testing methods are inaccessible to home healthcare due to cumbersome steps, prolonged testing time, and utilization of toxic and hazardous substances. Herein, we developed a portable self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform for rapid detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA, as a model disease-related protein) by integrating a self-powered photoelectric signal output system catalyzed with chemiluminescence-functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)-based photochromic visualization platform. TiO2-g-C3N4-PMA photosensitive materials were first synthesized and functionalized on a sensor chip. The sensor consisted of filter paper modified with a photocatalytic material and a regional laser-etched FTO electrode as an alternative to a conventional PEC sensor with a glass-based electrode. The targeting system involved a monoclonal anti-PSA capture antibody-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic bead (mAb1-MB) and a polyclonal anti-PSA antibody (pAb2)-N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol-AuNP (ABEI-AuNP). Based on the signal intensity of the chemiluminescent system, the photochromic device color changed from light yellow to heteropoly blue through the PMA photoelectric materials integrated into the electrode for visualization of the signal output. In addition, the electrical signal in the PEC system was amplified by a sandwich-type capacitor and readout on a handheld digital multimeter. Under optimum conditions, the sensor exhibited high sensitivity relative to PSA in the range of 0.01-50 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit of 6.25 pg mL-1. The flow-through chemiluminescence reactor with a semiautomatic injection device and magnetic separation was avoid of unstable light source intensity inherent in the chemiluminescence process. Therefore, our strategy provides a new horizon for point-of-care analysis and rapid cost-effective clinical diagnosis.

Characteristics studies of anti total PSA antibody's binding with prostate

the use of diffrent concectration of Na and Mg ions were shown to causes in increase in the bindings at oncentration