Levels Of Anti-measles Antibodies Research Articles

Characteristics of Anti-Measles Immunity in Lung Transplant Candidates.

Measles has not yet been eradicated; therefore, its outbreaks are still reported throughout the world. Like any infection, measles is dangerous for immunocompromised patients. Levels of anti-measles IgG antibodies were measured in 157 patients aged 17 to 72, who were placed on the lung transplant waiting list. Measurements were undertaken by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the VectoMeasles-IgG kit (Russia). The proportion of patients seronegative for measles was 19% (30/157). Correlation was detected between patients' age and their levels of anti-measles antibodies, with higher proportions of patients having undetectable titers (25.5-28.9%) or low antibody levels (38.3-44.4%) in the young age groups (17-29 and 30-39 years old). There were no differences between male and female patients in levels of anti-measles antibodies or in the proportion of seronegative individuals. Analyses of antibody levels with regard to type of disease revealed the highest rate of seronegative results in cystic fibrosis patients (34.4%, 11/32). Overall, 19% of lung transplant candidates, mostly young people and cystic fibrosis patients, did not have protective immunity against measles.

Blood Lead Concentrations and Antibody Levels to Measles, Mumps, and Rubella among U.S. Children.

Child blood lead concentrations have been associated with measures of immune dysregulation in nationally representative study samples. However, response to vaccination—often considered the gold standard in immunotoxicity testing—has not been examined in relation to typical background lead concentrations common among U.S. children. The present study estimated the association between blood lead concentrations and antigen-specific antibody levels to measles, mumps, and rubella in a nationally representative sample of 7005 U.S. children aged 6–17 years. Data from the 1999–2004 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. In the adjusted models, children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL had an 11% lower anti-measles (95% CI: −16, −5) and a 6% lower anti-mumps antibody level (95% CI: −11, −2) compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL. The odds of a seronegative anti-measles antibody level was approximately two-fold greater for children with blood lead concentrations between 1 and 5 µg/dL compared to children with blood lead concentrations <1 µg/dL (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.1). The adverse associations observed in the present study provide further evidence of potential immunosuppression at blood lead concentrations <5 µg/dL, the present Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level.

Age-related immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital

The aimsof the study were to examine age-related features of immune response to measles virus in staff of a large city hospital and to define groups at risk for measles outbreaks.Methods.The study involved 1,855 staff members of a large city hospital aged ≥ 19 years old who had documented vaccination against measles or a history of measles. The participants were divided into age groups with 5-year intervals starting from 19 years of age; there were 11 groups in total. The immune response to measles virus was measured in sera by ELISA using Vector-Best IgG-Kor test system (Russia).Results.Young employers of 19 to 23 years of age were most susceptible to measles; protective antibody level was not detected in 38.5% of them. They were followed by young-to-middle-aged workers (24 to 48 years old) who were negative for anti-measles antibodies or had non-protective level of antibodies in 16.7% to 27.5%. The anti-measles antibody level was low (42.3 % to 60.0 %) in employers of 19 to 43 years of age and gradually increased to 46.3% – 92.2% in the group of 44 to 68 years old.Conclusion.Herd immunity against measles in employers of a large city hospital did not meet requirements for successful infection control which implicates ≤ 7% of seronegative individuals. This means that measles outbreak could occur at any time because the proportion of seronegative individuals (11.5%) twice exceeded the cut-off value; the antibody level was controversial in 3.2% of individuals. Therefore, monitoring anti-measles antibody level in hospital staff is necessary to detect groups at risk who should be vaccinated against measles.

Screening of more than 2000 Hungarian healthcare workers' anti-measles antibody level: results and possible population-level consequences.

Due to the European measles epidemic and the increased number of imported cases, it can be theorised that the risk of exposure among Hungarian healthcare workers (HCWs) has increased. In 2017, the increased measles circulation in the region led to the emergence of smaller local and hospital epidemics. Therefore, our objective was to determine the herd immunity in the high-risk group of HCWs. A hospital-based study of detecting anti-measles IgG activity was performed in 2017 and included 2167 employees of the Military Medical Centre (Hungary). The screening of HCWs presented a good general seropositivity (90.6%). The highest seroprevalence value (99.1%) was found in the age group of 60 years or older. The lowest number of seropositive individuals was seen in the 41-45 years (86.2%) age group, indicating a significant herd immunity gap between groups. Regarding the Hungarian data, there might be gaps in the seroprevalence of the analysed HCWs, implying that susceptible HCWs may generate healthcare-associated infections. This study suggests that despite the extensive vaccination and high vaccine coverage, it is still important to monitor the level of protective antibodies in HCWs, or in a representative group of the whole population of Hungary, and possibly in other countries as well.

Development of a robust and standardized immunoserological assay for detection of anti-measles IgG antibodies in human sera

Because of measles outbreaks there is a need for continuous monitoring of immunological protection against infection at population level. For such monitoring to be feasible, a cost-effective, reliable and high-throughput assay is necessary. Herein we describe an ELISA protocol for assessment of anti-measles antibody levels in human serum samples that fulfills the above criteria and is easily adaptable by various laboratories. A serum bank of anonymous patient sera was established (N > 3000 samples). Sera were grouped based on measles immunization schedules and/or changes in vaccine components since the introduction of the first measles vaccine in Hungary in 1969. Newly designed ELISA was performed by using Siemens BEP 2000 Advance System and data were confirmed using commercially available kits. Our indirect ELISA was compared to indirect immunfluoresence and to anti-measles nucleocapsid (N) monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA. The results obtained are in high agreement with the confirmatory methods, and reflect measles vaccination history in Hungary ranging from pre-vaccination era, through the initial period of measles vaccination, to present. Based on measurement of 1985 sera, the highest ratio of low/questionable antibody level samples was detected in cluster ‘1978–1987’ (~25.4%), followed by cluster ‘1969–1977’ (~15.4%).Our assay is suitable for assessment of anti-measles immunity in a large cohort of subjects. The assay is cost-effective, allows high-throughput screening and has superior signal-to-noise ratio. This assay can serve as a first step in assessment of the effectiveness of all three components of the MMR vaccine.

Anti-measles antibody levels in healthy people in Jinshan District of Shanghai

Objective To detect the levels of anti-measles antibody in a healthy population in Jinshan District of Shanghai and to provide references for making a better immunization strategy against measles in this area. Methods Stratified sampling was used to collect 390 serum sample in 12 age groups with an equal number of males and females as well as resident and floating population. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the concentrations of IgG antibody against measles in different groups. Results The overall positive rate and protective rate of anti-measles antibody were 78.21% and 41.28%, respectively. No significant difference in the positive rates of antibody was found between males and females, or resident and floating population (P>0.05). Antibody levels varied significantly among different age groups (χ2=191.214, P 0.05). Conclusion The average level of anti-measles antibody was high in Jinshan District in 2015, indicating that the people in that area had a relatively high immunity to measles, but the positive rate of antibody needed to be further improved. Infants under 8 months old and people 10 to 39 years old were the main susceptible groups. It is suggested that measles vaccination efforts should be focused on susceptible population and women of childbearing age to improve herd immunity. Key words: Measles; Antibody level; Positive rate

Seroprevalance of Measles Antibody in the Age Group 1 to 12 Years

To detect the level of antibody against measles virus in children 1 to 12 years of age and to compare measles antibody titres of vaccinated and unvaccinated children between 1 to12 years of age, this study was carried out. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2012 to November 2014 on children between 1to 12 years of age attending the Paediatric O.P.D. of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U., Aligarh with the objective of finding out the seroprevalence and anti-measles antibody levels. Increasing measles seropositivity was observed with advancement in age from 1 to 12 years that is, it increased from 46% at 1 year of age to 92% at 12 years of age. This was accompanied by a decrease in seronegativity from 43% at 1 year of age to 8% at 12 years. The geometric mean titre (GMT) of measles-specific IgG antibody in the total subjects was observed to be 610 mIU/ml. The GMT of vaccinated children was significantly higher that is, 908[95%confidence interval (CI): 776-1, 047] mIU/ml as compared with unvaccinated children that is, 228 (95%CI: 174–295) mIU/ml (p=0.000). There is a strong association between age and measles seroprevalence as well geometric mean titersGMT of measles-specific IgG antibody. A progressive rise in both occurs with increasing age. Seroprevalence of measles as well GMT of measles-specific IgG antibody in Aligarh are similar in males and females. Vaccinated children have higher measles seroprevalence as well GMT of measles-specific IgG antibody.

Effects of early measles on later rhinitis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that infectious diseases in early life reduce the risk of allergic diseases. To investigate the association between measles infection during early childhood and the prevalence of allergic diseases, lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and sensitization in later childhood. A survey was conducted 5 years after a nationwide measles outbreak in Korea. From September 1 through November 30, 2006, we obtained information on history of measles and allergic diseases but not of measles vaccination through a questionnaire completed by 1004 schoolchildren aged 6 to 7 years. Furthermore, we measured measles antibody titers and performed skin prick tests, pulmonary function tests, and methacholine challenge tests. Children were divided into groups based on their history of measles infection and antibody titers. Prevalence of measles infection was 8.2%. Children with both a positive measles history and a positive antimeasles antibody had significantly higher antimeasles antibody levels than those without a measles history. The prevalence of current rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-3.40), rhinitis ever (aOR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19-3.94), and current BHR (aOR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.04-3.78) was significantly higher in the group with a positive measles history compared with the group with a negative measles antibody. No differences were found among groups in the prevalence of asthma, lung function, provocation concentration that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume of 1 second of 20%, or sensitization. Early measles infection was associated with increased prevalence of rhinitis and BHR at the age of 7 years but has no effect on the development of asthma and allergy at the age of 7 years. This study indicates that common childhood infections such as measles in early age do not protect against later development of allergic diseases.

Antimeasles antibodies in preterm infants during early infancy in Turkey

To measure maternally derived measles antibodies in sera of premature infants at birth and seropositivity rates in early infancy in a rural area of central Turkey. 65 premature and 24 full-term infants born in Erciyes University Hospital and their mothers were recruited to a longitudinal, prospective study. The infants were divided into three groups by gestational age: group A, <33 weeks; group B, 33-37 weeks; group C, >37 weeks. For specific analyses, the groups were subdivided into groups Al, B1 and C1 (infants of naturally immunised mothers) and A2, B2 and C2 (infants of vaccinated mothers). Blood samples were obtained from mothers and infants after delivery. The infants were re-evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. Of 25 mothers, 20.3% were seronegative for measles antibodies. Twenty of the mothers had not been vaccinated. The percentages of seronegative infants at birth were 24.2% (n=8), 12.5% (n=4) and 0% (n=0) in groups A, B and C, respectively. No infants were seronegative at birth in Al, B1 or C1. Mean levels of antimeasles antibodies in all naturally immunised mothers were significantly higher than in vaccinated mothers. Antibody levels in all infants decreased rapidly with increasing age. Gestational age at birth [beta=0.179, t=3.359, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0001-0.0001, p<0.05], birthweight (beta=0.637, t=9.691, 95% CI 0.057-0.086, p<0.05) and maternal naturally immunised status (beta=0.168, t=2.825, 95% CI 0.002-0.014, p<0.05) were significantly associated with antibody levels after birth. In all groups of naturally immunised mothers, the percentages of seronegative infants were significantly lower than in vaccinated mothers at birth and at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. The current recommendation to immunise all infants at 9 months of age might require revision for premature infants, especially those whose mothers have vaccination-induced immunity.

482. T Cells as Carriers for Systemic Measles Virotherapy of Multiple Myeloma

The bane of virotherapy is the presence of pre-existing antiviral antibodies or the induction of such antibodies after first dose therapy, which potentially could diminish therapeutic efficacy. We are interested to use oncolytic measles virus as a virotherapy agent for multiple myeloma, a disseminated plasma cell malignancy found predominantly in the bone marrow. Though about 50% of myeloma patients do not have protective levels of anti-measles antibodies due to their disease, we are keen to explore strategies to improve virus delivery to the tumor sites for patients that are positive for measles antibodies.

Antibody levels after regular childhood vaccinations in the immunological screening of children with recurrent otitis media.

Recurrent otitis media may be related to defects in specific antibody production, as suggested previously. This might be reflected in lower antibody responses to vaccinations administered in the context of the national childhood vaccination program in children suffering from recurrent otitis media. In a cross-sectional study we determined the levels of antidiphtheria, antitetanus, anti- Haemophilus influenzae type b (anti-Hib) and antimeasles antibodies in sera of 163 children with two or more episodes of acute otitis media per year and in 143 children with repeated periods of persistent otitis media with effusion each lasting at least 3 months. The control group consisted of 521 age-matched healthy children, who were free of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Children with recurrent acute otitis media, including highly otitis-prone children, showed higher antidiphtheria and antitetanus antibody titers compared to controls. No differences were observed in anti-Hib and antimeasles antibody levels between children with recurrent acute otitis media and controls, nor did any of the antibody levels in children with persistent otitis media with effusion differ from those in controls. Therefore, the results of our study do not point toward a generalized immunological hyporesponsiveness in children with recurrent acute otitis media and persistent otitis media with effusion. Determination of antibody responses to regular vaccines is not indicative for otitis-proneness.

Comparison of Edmonston-Zagreb, Connaught and Schwarz measles vaccines in Cameroonian infants aged 3–8 months

Eighty-five Cameroonian infants aged between 3 and 8 months were vaccinated with a high-dose Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) strain (10 5.6 TDIC 50), 81 with a low-dose Connaught strain (10 3 TCID 50) and 74 with a medium-dose Schwarz strain (10 4 TCID 50). Side-effects were mild (less than 32% of infants) and were not significantly different among the groups, not were postvaccination anti-measles antibody levels. Postvaccination seropositivity and' seroconversion rates were respectively 91.6% and 69% for EZ, 85.3% and 67.7% for Connaught and 75.6% and 62.2% for Schwarz. In the light of concerns regarding high-titre measles vaccines, the overall performance of the Connaught strain warrants its wider evaluation in young infants.