Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Research Articles

Topical anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Licania rigida Benth. in mice

BackgroundThe use of medicinal plants is one of the oldest practices of humanity, its use is aimed at the treatment, cure and prevention of diseases. The plant Licania rigida Benth., popularly known as icticic, is used in folk medicine to treat flu, diarrhea, epilepsy and malaria, having some scientifically proven biological activities, such as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, bactericidal and systemic anti-inflammatory action. MethodsThus, the present study aims to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the L. rigida leaves. ResultsA possible topical anti-inflammatory action was observed in screening models such as acute and chronic ear edema. In addition, in the protocols for acute inflammation, the extract had an anti-hematogenic potential. ConclusionsThe results are promising and can be a useful tool for more specific and effective studies on the anti-inflammatory effect in the construction of future drugs for improvement in cases of inflammation.

Downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway in RAW 264.7 cells by Alpinia galanga reveals its beneficial effects in inflammation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAlpinia galanga, commonly known as greater galangal or raasna, is widely used in Ayurveda against various inflammatory disorders. It is also known as Kulinjan, Aratha, Rasna or Sugandhamula. Some of the Ayurvedic preparations using the rhizome of Alpinia galanga are Rasnadi kashayam, Rasna panchakam, Rasnapthakam, and Rasnarendadi. The aromatic rhizome is the source of the drug greater galangal and it is also used as a spice in South and South East Asia. However, the molecular mechanism of action of A galanga against inflammation remains poorly understood. Aim of the studyTo elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome. Study design/methodThe mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Alpinia galanga (AGE) was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and immunofluorescence in LPS stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). HPLC analysis was done to elucidate the rich polyphenolic nature of AGE. ResultsThe study showed that pre-treatment with AGE downregulated the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and ROS) and stimulated the release of anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The vital enzymes of inflammation (iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-9) were also downregulated by pre-treatment with AGE. AGE targeted the upstream elements of the inflammatory cascade by blocking LPS induced activation of TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway. The phosphorylation of downstream kinases was significantly affected. The inhibition of nuclear translocation of NFκB further confirmed the specific inhibition of the TLR4 pathway. Particularly AGE inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, p38, IκBα, and STAT. HPLC analysis of the AGE showed the polyphenol-rich nature of the extract. ConclusionsThe results from this study provide firm evidence that AGE exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via modulation of TLR4 and JAK/STAT pathway.

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Pinus eldarica in animal models.

Objective:Several species of Pinus have shown anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of P. eldarica in animal models. Materials and Methods:Hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of P. eldarica were prepared and phenolic content and essential oil composition were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method and GC/MS, respectively. Anti-nociceptive effect was assessed using acetic acid, formalin and hot plate tests in male Swiss mice (25-30 g) and for evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan test in male Wistar rats (180-200 g) and croton oil-induced ear edema in male mice, were used. Involvement of opioid, α2-adrenergic, 5-HT3 receptors and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent K+ channels in pain relief was tested using naloxone, ondansetron, yohimbine and glibenclamide. Results:The total phenolic content of the extract in terms of gallic acid equivalent was 404.9±7.7 mg/g of the extract powder. P. eldarica hydroalcoholic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and essential oil (100 and 200 µl/kg) significantly (all, p<0.001) decreased pain behavior in acetic acid and formalin tests but not in hot plate test. The extract and essential oil suppressed edema in carrageenan and croton tests. Glibenclamide partially reversed the anti-nociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract while the other antagonists were ineffective. Conclusion:Hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of P. eldarica significantly decreased acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation. ATP-dependent K+ channels mediate a part of the observed anti-nociceptive effect.

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Female Cones of Juniper (Juniperus excelsa) and Plantago ovata in Male Wistar Rats

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Female Cones of Juniper (Juniperus excelsa) and Plantago ovata in Male Wistar Rats

Anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hibiscus rosa on acute and chronic inflammation

Background: The present study was carried out to explore the efficiency of Indian herbal source from Hibiscus rosa against a chronic inflammatory disease. Hibiscus rosa belongs to Malvaceae, acts by suppression of inflammation mediators.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract form Hibiscus rosa is prepared through soxhlet extraction and Diclofenac is used as the standard. Carrageenan and formaldehyde are administered to induce acute and chronic inflammation. Animals are divided into 6 groups with 6 animals each including Normal group, inflammatory control group, Diclofenac treated group and Hibiscus rosa treated group at different doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg.Results: Different concentrations of Hibiscus rosa treated groups i.e. 250 mg/kg (p&lt;0.05), 500 mg/kg (p&lt;0.05) and 1000 mg/kg (p&lt;0.01) showed significant reduction in Paw edema as compared to controls. Significant reduction in Body weight was also observed in Hibiscus rosa treated groups. Hematological profiles of Hibiscus rosa treated group are satisfying and significant.Conclusion: Results showed significant anti-inflammatory effect of Hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa and justifying its therapeutic role in inflammatory condition..

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Salvia multicaulis on Male Rats

Aims: One of the most basic methods for coping with diseases and pain relief had been the use of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to the determination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia multicaulis hydroalcoholic extract. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were divided in 6 groups (n=7); the control (receive nothing), the sham (receive solvent intraperitoneally) and 4 groups that received plant extract at the doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg intraperitoneally. Tail flick and formalin test were used for evaluation of thermal and chemical pain, also for assessment the degree of inflammation, rat paw edema volume was acquired by plethysmometric test. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 software by ANOVA with repeated measuring and T student tests. Findings: The intraperitoneally injection of extract in all doses decreased the chemical pain induced by formalin (p<0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of plant at doses 200 and 400mg/kg caused hyperalgesia in compared with control group (p<0.01). All concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of plant decreased the inflammation (p<0.01). Conclusion: Intraperitoneally administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia multicaulis has analgesic effects.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Washingtonia filifera Seeds in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Rats

Background: Medicinal plants are believed to be important sources of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. Washingtonia filifera is characterized by its high content of flavonoids. Numerous studies suggest that flavonoids have potential for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the Washingtonia filifera seeds’ hydroalcoholic extract (WSE). Materials and Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract was administered to male Wistar rats. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. The WSE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the subplantar injection of carrageenan. Intraperitoneal indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Results: The intraperitoneal WSE (100 - 400 mg/kg) produced the anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent manner with a median effective dose (ED50) of 164.4 mg/kg (124.16 - 203.7 mg/kg). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of WSE was comparable to indomethacin (10 mg/kg) Conclusions: These results indicated that WSE has a potent anti-inflammatory action and confirmed that the extract contains an effective anti-inflammatory substance(s).

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of extract and two isolated flavonoids of Carthamus tinctorius L

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been long used both in the traditional system and folk medicine as an analgesic anti-inflammatory agent in China. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and two isolated kaempferol glycosides of Carthamus tinctorius L. to provide experimental evidence for its traditional use. Materials and methodsAntinociceptive effects of HE, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K-3-R) and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (K-3-G) were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test and cinnamaldehyde test. The anti-inflammatory effects of HE, K-3-R and K-3-G were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema. ResultsThe HPLC analysis showed the presence of K-3-R and K-3-G in Carthamus tinctorius L. HE (500 and 1000mg/kg) as well as K-3-R and K-3-G (150, 300 and 600mg/kg) produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. Oral treatment of HE, K-3-R and K-3-G at all doses significantly reduced both the nociceptive response and cinnamaldehyde-induced paw edema, effect that was superior to aspirin. In anti-inflammatory tests, HE and K-3-G significantly inhibited the paw edema during the both phases of carrageenan-induced inflammation while K-3-G suppressed the late phase inflammation only. HE (400 and 800mg/kg) and K-3-G (200, 400, 800mg/kg) produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of xylene-induced ear edema development. K-3-R only suppressed ear edema formation at a high dose (800mg/kg). ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Carthamus tinctorius L. extract possess remarkable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities which may be due to K-3-R and K-3-G at least in part, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various inflammatory and pain diseases.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ashwagandha: A Preliminary Study in vitro

Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant in Indian traditional system of medicine and traditionally has been used for several medicinal purposes in India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ashwagandha against denaturation of protein in vitro. Methods: The test extract at different concentrations was incubated with egg albumin in controlled experimental conditions and subjected to determination of absorbance and viscosity to assess the anti-inflammatory property. Diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. Results: The present results exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation by the ashwagandha extract. The effect of diclofenac sodium was found to be less when compared with the test extract. Conclusion: Form the present findings it can be concluded that ashwagandha possessed marked anti-inflammatory effect against denaturation of protein in vitro. The effect was plausibly due to the alkaloid and withanolide contents of ashwagandha.

Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Coronopus didymus in the pleurisy and paw oedema models in mice

Mastrunço (Coronopus didymus--CD) is currently considered as a medicinal specie often used in Brazil, especially in southeast region, for the treatment of several diseases in which pain and inflammation are common. Treatment with the plant can be done by infusion, decoction, or through food. The aim of this study was: to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of CD following the traditional procedure. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using mouse of pleurisy and paw oedema models, both process being induced by different flogistic agents such as: carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin (BK), histamine (HIS), substance P (SP), dextran (DEX) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). We evaluated the effect of CD (200-600 mg/kg) administered by oral route (p.o.) upon leukocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and adenosine-deaminase (ADA) activities and nitric oxide (NO) levels. CD (200-600 mg/kg) inhibited the leukocytes by 60.0+/-1.42%, neutrophils by 82.75+/-1.29%, MPO by 42.30+/-4.23%, and ADA activities by 57.89+/-1.94%, as well as NO levels by 64.28+/-2.15% in Cg induced pleurisy. CD also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by BK (1.30+/-0.11/0.29+/-0.02), HIS (1.20+/-0.09/0.42+/-0.05) and SP (0.74+/-0.06/0.14+/-0.01). In addition, CD was effective in reducing paw oedema induced by Cg by 72.79+/-1.13%, SP by 68.26.+/-0.78%, BK by 66.66.+/-0.77%, PGE(2) by 53.346.+/-1.18 and DEX by 65.14+/-2.35%. Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of enzymes (MPO and ADA) and mediators (BK, HIS, SP, NO and PGE(2)) release and/or action, appear to account for the anti-inflammatory effect of Coronopus didymus.

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E 2 and 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.

Effects of hydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts of the sterile stems of Stachys inflata on myocardial infarct size in rats

Recently a potent anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial parts of the sterile stems of Stachys inflata has been reported. This study examined whether hydroalcoholic extract isolated from aerial parts of non-flowering stems of Stachys inflata (standardized to contain 4.5% caffeic acid derivatives) reduce myocardial infarct size arising from coronary artery occlusion (30min) and reperfusion (2 h) in anaesthetized rats. In addition, the extract was also tested on the incidence and severity of ischaemic arrhythmias. Infusion of the extract (1.35 mg/kg/min) 5 min before coronary artery ligation and for the duration of the ischaemic (30 min) and reperfusion (2 h) periods resulted in a marked (p<0.001) decrease in infarct size (from 48.2 1% in control to 29.3 2.7% in treated rats). However, an infarct size of 46.7 3.4% was seen with the higher dose of the extract (2.70 mg/kg/min). The extract had no effect either on the severity and incidence of ischaemic arrhythmias or on the blood pressure. These results suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Stachys inflata attenuates the infarct size following ischaemia and reperfusion without any effect on the cardiovascular system. Anti-inflammatory actions of the extract may play a major role in reducing the infarct size.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of stems from Equisetum arvense L. in mice

In this study, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of stem from Equisetum arvense in mice were evaluated. The extract (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg kg −1, i.p.), reduced the writhing induced by acetic acid in 49, 57, 93 and 98%, respectively. In the formalin test, 50 and 100 mg kg −1 (i.p.) extract, reduced in 80 and 95% the licking activity in the first phase, but in the second phase only the latter dose diminished the licking time (35%). In both phases, naloxone failed to revert the analgesic effect of the extract. In the hot-plate test, the extract at 100 and 200 mg kg −1 does not change the latency to licking or jumping. In the carrageenan-induced paw oedema, the extract at 50 mg kg −1, reduced the paw oedema 2 h (25%) and 4 h (30%) after carrageenan administration. The dose of 100 mg kg −1 caused reduction of the paw oedema (29%) only 4 h after carrageenan administration. These results indicate that this extract exhibits an antinociceptive effect in chemical models of nociception which is not related to the opioid system, as well as anti-inflammatory properties.